Exploring dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and implications for global aerosol radiative forcing

Fung, Ka Ming; Heald, Colette L.; Kroll, Jesse H.; Wang, Siyuan; Jo, Duseong S.; Gettelman, Andrew; Lu, Zheng; Liu, Xiaohong; Zaveri, Rahul A.; Apel, Eric C.; Blake, Donald R.; Jimenez, Jose-Luis; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Veres, Patrick R.; Bates, Timothy S.; Shilling, John E.; Zawadowicz, Maria

doi:10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022

Title: Exploring dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and implications for global aerosol radiative forcing

Journal Article · 01 February 2022 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1549-2022 · OSTI ID:1843049

;

; Wang, Siyuan;

;

; Lu, Zheng; Liu, Xiaohong;

; Apel, Eric C.; Blake, Donald R.;

;

; Bates, Timothy S.;

;

Abstract. Aerosol indirect radiative forcing (IRF), which characterizes how aerosols alter cloud formation and properties, is very sensitive to the preindustrial (PI) aerosol burden. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the ocean, is a dominant natural precursor of non-sea-salt sulfate in the PI and pristine present-day (PD) atmospheres. Here we revisit the atmospheric oxidation chemistry of DMS, particularly under pristine conditions, and its impact on aerosol IRF. Based on previous laboratory studies, we expand the simplified DMS oxidation scheme used in the Community Atmospheric Model version 6 with chemistry (CAM6-chem) to capture the OH-addition pathway and the H-abstraction pathway and the associated isomerization branch. These additional oxidation channels of DMS produce several stable intermediate compounds, e.g., methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF), delay the formation of sulfate, and, hence, alter the spatial distribution of sulfate aerosol and radiative impacts. The expanded scheme improves the agreement between modeled and observed concentrations of DMS, MSA, HPMTF, and sulfate over most marine regions, based on the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom), the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA), and the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) measurements. We find that the global HPMTF burden and the burden of sulfate produced from DMS oxidation are relatively insensitive to the assumed isomerization rate, but the burden of HPMTF is very sensitive to a potential additional cloud loss. We find that global sulfate burden under PI and PD emissions increase to 412 Gg S (+29 %) and 582 Gg S (+8.8 %), respectively, compared to the standard simplified DMS oxidation scheme. The resulting annual mean global PD direct radiative effect of DMS-derived sulfate alone is −0.11 W m−2. The enhanced PI sulfate produced via the gas-phase chemistry updates alone dampens the aerosol IRF as anticipated (−2.2 W m−2 in standard versus −1.7 W m−2, with updated gas-phase chemistry). However, high clouds in the tropics and low clouds in the Southern Ocean appear particularly sensitive to the additional aqueous-phase pathways, counteracting this change (−2.3 W m−2). This study confirms the sensitivity of aerosol IRF to the PI aerosol loading and the need to better understand the processes controlling aerosol formation in the PI atmosphere and the cloud response to these changes.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018934

OSTI ID:: 1843049

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 22; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus GmbHCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4) Emmons, L. K.; Walters, S.; Hess, P. G. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010	journal	January 2010
The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions Guenther, A. B.; Jiang, X.; Heald, C. L. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012	journal	January 2012
CAM-chem: description and evaluation of interactive atmospheric chemistry in the Community Earth System Model Lamarque, J. -F.; Emmons, L. K.; Hess, P. G. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-369-2012	journal	January 2012
Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: description and evaluation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5 Liu, X.; Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-709-2012	journal	January 2012
Description and evaluation of a new four-mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module (MAM4) within version 5.3 of the Community Atmosphere Model Liu, X.; Ma, P. -L.; Wang, H. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-505-2016	journal	January 2016
A numerical scheme to calculate temperature and salinity dependent air-water transfer velocities for any gas Johnson, M. T. Ocean Science, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-913-2010	journal	January 2010

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