Porosity evolution during heating of copper made from powder by friction extrusion

Ma, Xiaolong; Li, Xiao; Petrossian, Gayaneh; Ortiz, Angel; Komarasamy, Mageshwari; Whalen, Scott A.; Grant, Glenn J.; Mathaudhu, Suveen N.; Overman, Nicole R.

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101341

Title: Porosity evolution during heating of copper made from powder by friction extrusion

Journal Article · 21 January 2022 · Materialia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101341 · OSTI ID:1842841

Ma, Xiaolong ^[1];

^[1]; Petrossian, Gayaneh ^[1]; Ortiz, Angel ^[1]; Komarasamy, Mageshwari ^[1]; Whalen, Scott A. ^[1]; Grant, Glenn J. ^[1]; Mathaudhu, Suveen N. ^[2]; Overman, Nicole R. ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)

Here, friction extrusion was used to compact and extrude solid copper rod from feedstock powders. Following extrusion, considerable porosity was observed throughout the extrudate cross section due to the entrained porosity in the feedstock material and the extrusion process. The thermal stability of the extrudate was investigated via a series of heat treatments. Porosity evolution exhibited three distinct stages—an unchanged plateau (0°C–300°C) followed by an abrupt increase (400°C–500°C) and ultimately a reduction, as the temperature increases (>500°C). The peak porosity measured was ~25%. The underlying driving force for pore evolution is described as the competition between the internal pore pressure, material strength, and sintering kinetics, as a function of temperature. The observed porosity evolution and driving force are not expected to be limited to copper. Thus, this manuscript reveals an important consideration regarding elevated-temperature thermal stability as advanced manufacturing methods involving direct powder extrusion are explored.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1842841

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--166323

Journal Information:: Materialia, Journal Name: Materialia Vol. 21; ISSN 2589-1529

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Porosity evolution during heating of copper made from powder by friction extrusion

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