Title: Measurement and Simulation of the Magnetic Fields from a 555 Timer Integrated Circuit Using a Quantum Diamond Microscope and Finite-Element Analysis

Journal Article · · Physical Review Applied
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1];  [3]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  2. The MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Quantum Technology Center; Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); America's Frontier Fund, Arlington, VA (United States)
  3. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
  4. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT); Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  5. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Quantum diamond microscope (QDM) magnetic field imaging is an emerging interrogation and diagnostic technique for integrated circuits (ICs). To date, the ICs measured with a QDM have been either too complex for us to predict the expected magnetic fields and benchmark the QDM performance or too simple to be relevant to the IC community. In this paper, we establish a 555 timer IC as a “model system” to optimize QDM measurement implementation, benchmark performance, and assess IC device functionality. To validate the magnetic field images taken with a QDM, we use a spice electronic circuit simulator and finite-element analysis (FEA) to model the magnetic fields from the 555 die for two functional states. Furthermore, we compare the advantages and the results of three IC-diamond measurement methods, confirm that the measured and simulated magnetic images are consistent, identify the magnetic signatures of current paths within the device, and discuss using this model system to advance QDM magnetic imaging as an IC diagnostic tool.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
NA0003525
OSTI ID:
1842832
Report Number(s):
SAND2022-1003J; 703114
Journal Information:
Physical Review Applied, Journal Name: Physical Review Applied Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 17; ISSN 2331-7019
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (19)

Micrometer‐scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope journal August 2017
Counterfeit Integrated Circuits: Detection, Avoidance, and the Challenges Ahead journal February 2014
Location of current carrying failure sites in integrated circuits by magnetic force microscopy at large probe-to-sample separation journal January 2009
Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in diamond for current imaging at the redistributive layer level of Integrated Circuits journal August 2015
A fitting algorithm for optimizing ion implantation energies and fluences
  • Kehayias, Pauli; Henshaw, Jacob; Saleh Ziabari, Maziar
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 500-501 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2021.05.014
journal August 2021
Nanoscale Imaging of Current Density with a Single-Spin Magnetometer journal March 2017
Coherent Optical Transitions in Implanted Nitrogen Vacancy Centers journal March 2014
Using a magnetometer to image a two‐dimensional current distribution journal January 1989
Magnetic field imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles journal April 2011
Microwave Device Characterization Using a Widefield Diamond Microscope journal October 2018
Magnetic Field Fingerprinting of Integrated-Circuit Activity with a Quantum Diamond Microscope journal July 2020
Improved Current Density and Magnetization Reconstruction Through Vector Magnetic Field Measurements journal August 2020
Magnetic Source Imaging Using a Pulsed Optically Pumped Magnetometer Array journal February 2019
Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond: Nanoscale Sensors for Physics and Biology journal April 2014
Scanning Squid Microscopy journal August 1999
Imaging the magnetic field distribution of a micro-wire with the nitrogen-vacancycolor center ensemble in diamond journal December 2020
Principles and techniques of the quantum diamond microscope journal September 2019
Proximity-Induced Artefacts in Magnetic Imaging with Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond journal April 2018
Hardware Trojans in Chips: A Survey for Detection and Prevention journal September 2020

Similar Records

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
devices
finite-element method
metrology
nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
optical microscopy
optically detected magnetic resonance
quantum sensing