Optimisation of root traits to provide enhanced ecosystem services in agricultural systems: A focus on cover crops

Griffiths, Marcus; Delory, Benjamin M.; Jawahir, Vanessica; Wong, Kong M.; Bagnall, G. Cody; Dowd, Tyler G.; Nusinow, Dmitri A.; Miller, Allison J.; Topp, Christopher N.

doi:10.1111/pce.14247

Title: Optimisation of root traits to provide enhanced ecosystem services in agricultural systems: A focus on cover crops

Journal Article · 24 January 2022 · Plant, Cell and Environment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14247 · OSTI ID:1841799

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Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St. Louis Missouri USA
Institute of Ecology Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St. Louis Missouri USA, Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis Missouri USA

Abstract Roots are the interface between the plant and the soil and play a central role in multiple ecosystem processes. With intensification of agricultural practices, rhizosphere processes are being disrupted and are causing degradation of the physical, chemical and biotic properties of soil. However, cover crops, a group of plants that provide ecosystem services, can be utilised during fallow periods or used as an intercrop to restore soil health. The effectiveness of ecosystem services provided by cover crops varies widely as very little breeding has occurred in these species. Improvement of ecosystem service performance is rarely considered as a breeding trait due to the complexities and challenges of belowground evaluation. Advancements in root phenotyping and genetic tools are critical in accelerating ecosystem service improvement in cover crops. In this study, we provide an overview of the range of belowground ecosystem services provided by cover crop roots: (1) soil structural remediation, (2) capture of soil resources and (3) maintenance of the rhizosphere and building of organic matter content. Based on the ecosystem services described, we outline current and promising phenotyping technologies and breeding strategies in cover crops that can enhance agricultural sustainability through improvement of root traits.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021286

OSTI ID:: 1841799

Journal Information:: Plant, Cell and Environment, Journal Name: Plant, Cell and Environment Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 45; ISSN 0140-7791

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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