Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes

Halstead-Nussloch, Gwyneth; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi; Copetti, Dario; Paape, Timothy; Kobayashi, Fuminori; Hatakeyama, Masaomi; Kanamori, Hiroyuki; Jianzhong, Wu; Mascher, Martin; Kawaura, Kanako; Shimizu, Kentaro K.; Handa, Hirokazu

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.715985

Title: Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes

Journal Article · 02 September 2021 · Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.715985 · OSTI ID:1841101

Halstead-Nussloch, Gwyneth ^[1]; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi ^[2]; Copetti, Dario ^[3]; Paape, Timothy ^[4]; Kobayashi, Fuminori ^[2]; Hatakeyama, Masaomi ^[5]; Kanamori, Hiroyuki ^[2]; Jianzhong, Wu ^[2]; Mascher, Martin ^[6]; Kawaura, Kanako ^[7]; Shimizu, Kentaro K. ^[8]; Handa, Hirokazu ^[9]

Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland)
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba (Japan)
Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland); Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)
Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland); Functional Genomics Center Zurich (Switzerland)
Leibniz Inst. of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben (Germany); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig (Germany)
Yokohama City Univ., Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan)
Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland); Yokohama City Univ., Yokohama, Kanagawa (Japan)
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba (Japan); Kyoto Prefectural Univ. (Japan)

The seed protein α-gliadin is a major component of wheat flour and causes gluten-related diseases. However, due to the complexity of this multigene family with a genome structure composed of dozens of copies derived from tandem and genome duplications, little was known about the variation between accessions, and thus little effort has been made to explicitly target α-gliadin for bread wheat breeding. Here, we analyzed genomic variation in α-gliadins across 11 recently published chromosome-scale assemblies of hexaploid wheat, with validation using long-read data. We unexpectedly found that the Gli-B2 locus is not a single contiguous locus but is composed of two subloci, suggesting the possibility of recombination between the two during breeding. We confirmed that the number of immunogenic epitopes among 11 accessions varied. The D subgenome of a European spelt line also contained epitopes, in agreement with its hybridization history. Evolutionary analysis identified amino acid sites under diversifying selection, suggesting their functional importance. The analysis opens the way for improved grain quality and safety through wheat breeding.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1841101

Report Number(s):: BNL--222609-2022-JAAM

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 12; ISSN 1664-462X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Gli-2 loci
celiac disease epitopes
copy number variation
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
α-gliadin

Title: Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes

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