Oil and Gas Produced Water Reuse: Opportunities, Treatment Needs, and Challenges

Cooper, Carolyn M.; McCall, James; Stokes, Sean C.; McKay, Cameron; Bentley, Matthew J.; Rosenblum, James S.; Blewett, Tamzin A.; Huang, Zhe; Miara, Ariel; Talmadge, Michael; Evans, Anna; Sitterley, Kurban A.; Kurup, Parthiv; Stokes-Draut, Jennifer R.; Macknick, Jordan; Borch, Thomas; Cath, Tzahi Y.; Katz, Lynn E.

doi:10.1021/acsestengg.1c00248

Title: Oil and Gas Produced Water Reuse: Opportunities, Treatment Needs, and Challenges

Journal Article · 13 December 2021 · ACS ES&T Engineering

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00248 · OSTI ID:1840921

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; McKay, Cameron ^[1];

^[4]; Rosenblum, James S. ^[5];

^[6]; Huang, Zhe ^[2];

^[2]; Talmadge, Michael ^[2]; Evans, Anna ^[7];

^[2]; Kurup, Parthiv ^[2]; Stokes-Draut, Jennifer R. ^[8]; Macknick, Jordan ^[2];

^[3];

^[5]; Katz, Lynn E. ^[1]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Advances in water treatment technologies paired with potential restrictions on oil and gas (O&G) produced water disposal could incentivize the beneficial reuse of treated produced water in the O&G industry. However, the remote nature of O&G operations limits the applicability of many of these solutions, which may be spatially inefficient, require operator supervision, or are ill-suited for the complex nature of produced water. Furthermore, the responsible, sustainable reuse of produced water as an alternative water source requires standardized analytical techniques for characterizing and determining the toxicity of treated produced water and improving our understanding of the fate and transport of various constituents. In the past decade, we made little progress in economically treating produced water for beneficial reuse outside of oilfield operations; the sole major breakthrough has been in the development of salt-tolerant fracturing chemicals that allow for reuse of produced water for fracking operations. Guided research should assist in the development of fit-for-purpose solutions to maximize the reuse of treated produced water. This is exemplified by the case studies presented here that detail currently operating treatment facilities for reclamation and reuse of produced water.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1840921

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-6A20-80380; MainId:42583; UUID:ee400d2a-68d0-473e-b9d2-8ba23d962e5a; MainAdminID:63630

Journal Information:: ACS ES&T Engineering, Journal Name: ACS ES&T Engineering Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 2; ISSN 2690-0645

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Uptake of Trace Elements and PAHs by Fruit and Vegetables from Contaminated Soils Samsøe-Petersen, Lise; Larsen, Erik H.; Larsen, Poul B. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/es015691t	journal	June 2002
Spatial and Temporal Correlation of Water Quality Parameters of Produced Waters from Devonian-Age Shale following Hydraulic Fracturing Barbot, Elise; Vidic, Natasa S.; Gregory, Kelvin B. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/es304638h	journal	February 2013
Irrigation of Root Vegetables with Treated Wastewater: Evaluating Uptake of Pharmaceuticals and the Associated Human Health Risks Malchi, Tomer; Maor, Yehoshua; Tadmor, Galit Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/es5017894	journal	July 2014
Biocides in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids: A Critical Review of Their Usage, Mobility, Degradation, and Toxicity Kahrilas, Genevieve A.; Blotevogel, Jens; Stewart, Philip S. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/es503724k	journal	December 2014
Recent progress in developing advanced membranes for emulsified oil/water separation Zhu, Yuzhang; Wang, Dong; Jiang, Lei NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2014.23	journal	May 2014
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The effect of hydraulic flowback and produced water on gill morphology, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Blewett, Tamzin A.; Weinrauch, Alyssa M.; Delompré, Perrine L. M. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46582	journal	April 2017
Oil/water separation techniques: a review of recent progresses and future directions Gupta, Raju Kumar; Dunderdale, Gary J.; England, Matt W. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA02070H	journal	January 2017
Emerging investigator series: radium accumulation in carbonate river sediments at oil and gas produced water discharges: implications for beneficial use as disposal management McDevitt, Bonnie; McLaughlin, Molly; Cravotta, Charles A. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EM00336J	journal	January 2019
In situ transformation of hydraulic fracturing surfactants from well injection to produced water McAdams, Brandon C.; Carter, Kimberly E.; Blotevogel, Jens Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EM00153K	journal	January 2019
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Oil & gas produced water retention ponds as potential passive treatment for radium removal and beneficial reuse McDevitt, Bonnie; McLaughlin, Molly C.; Blotevogel, Jens Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00413H	journal	January 2021
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Produced Water in the Western United States: Geographical Distribution, Occurrence, and Composition Benko, Katie L.; Drewes, Jörg E. Environmental Engineering Science, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0026	journal	March 2008
Oklahoma’s recent earthquakes and saltwater disposal Walsh, F. Rall; Zoback, Mark D. Science Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500195	journal	June 2015
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Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention Pichtel, John Applied and Environmental Soil Science, Vol. 2016 https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2707989	journal	January 2016
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Quantifying Synergy: A Systematic Review of Mixture Toxicity Studies within Environmental Toxicology Cedergreen, Nina PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096580	journal	May 2014
Data-driven Approach to Quantify Oilfield Water Lifecycle and Economics in the Permian Basin Sharma, Akash; Thomasset, Ian Proceedings of the 7th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2019-968	conference	January 2019
Earthquakes Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing in South-Central Oklahoma Holland, A. A. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 103, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120109	journal	June 2013
Managing Basin‐Scale Fluid Budgets to Reduce Injection‐Induced Seismicity from the Recent U.S. Shale Oil Revolution Scanlon, Bridget R.; Weingarten, Matthew B.; Murray, Kyle E. Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180223	journal	October 2018
Permian, Bakken Operators Face Produced Water Challenges Whitfield, Stephen Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 69, Issue 06 https://doi.org/10.2118/0617-0048-JPT	journal	June 2017
Saltwater Disposal Optimization Drives Water Midstream Sector Feder, Judy Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 72, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.2118/1120-0031-JPT	journal	November 2020
Chevron San Ardo Facility Unit (SAFU) Beneficial Produced Water Reuse for Irrigation Myers, James E. SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment, Day 2 Tue, March 18, 2014 https://doi.org/10.2118/168401-ms	conference	March 2014
Mechanical Vapor Recompression for the Treatment of Shale-Gas Flowback Water Hayes, Thomas D.; Halldorson, Brent; Horner, Patrick H. Oil and Gas Facilities, Vol. 3, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.2118/170247-PA	journal	July 2014
A Sustainable Choice for Water Treatment/Recycling When Injection is Not an Option or Water Supply is Limited McManus, Kent; Ertel, Dan; Bogdan, Jerel SPE Produced Water Handling & Management Symposium, All Days https://doi.org/10.2118/174534-MS	conference	May 2015
The New Reality of Hydraulic Fracturing: Treating Produced Water is Cheaper than Using Fresh Barnes, Christopher M.; Marshall, Ryan; Mason, John SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Day 2 Tue, September 29, 2015 https://doi.org/10.2118/174956-MS	conference	September 2015
National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Municipal Sector Technology Roadmap 2021 Giammar, Daniel; Jiang, Sunny; Xu, Pei https://doi.org/10.2172/1782448	report	May 2021
Advances in acute toxicity testing: strengths, weaknesses and regulatory acceptance Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe; Ihekwereme, Chibueze Peter; Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka Interdisciplinary Toxicology, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0001	journal	May 2018
Estimated use of water in the United States in 2015 Dieter, Cheryl A.; Maupin, Molly A.; Caldwell, Rodney R. https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1441	report	June 2018
An Introduction to Terminology and Methodology of Chemical Synergy—Perspectives from Across Disciplines Roell, Kyle R.; Reif, David M.; Motsinger-Reif, Alison A. Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00158	journal	April 2017
Treatment of Produced Water with Photocatalysis: Recent Advances, Affecting Factors and Future Research Prospects Lin, Lu; Jiang, Wenbin; Chen, Lin Catalysts, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10080924	journal	August 2020
Potable Reuse of Coalbed Methane-Produced Waters in Developing Country Contexts—Could the Benefits Outweigh the Costs to Facilitate Coal Transitions? Singh, Udayan; Colosi, Lisa M. Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010154	journal	December 2019
Evaluating the Feasibility of Using Produced Water from Oil and Natural Gas Production to Address Water Scarcity in California’s Central Valley Meng, Measrainsey; Chen, Mo; Sanders, Kelly Sustainability, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121318	journal	December 2016
A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Water Jiang, Wenbin; Lin, Lu; Xu, Xuesong Water, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/w13020183	journal	January 2021
Soil salinity poses challenges for sustainable agriculture and wildlife Letey, John California Agriculture, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v054n02p43	journal	March 2000
Boron in Produced Water: Challenges and Improvements: A Comprehensive Review Ezechi, Ezerie Henry; Isa, Mohamed Hasnain; Kutty, Shamsul Rahman Bin M. Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2012.402.415	journal	February 2012

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