A compendium and meta-analysis of flatband potentials for TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2 semiconductors in aqueous media

Patel, Milan Y.; Mortelliti, Michael J.; Dempsey, Jillian L.

doi:10.1063/5.0063170

Title: A compendium and meta-analysis of flatband potentials for TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2 semiconductors in aqueous media

Journal Article · 10 January 2022 · Chemical Physics Reviews

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063170 · OSTI ID:1839156

;

Semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces are of great interest to numerous scientific fields including renewable energy, (photo)electrochemistry, and energy storage. The semiconductor flatband potential is a key parameter in locating the conduction band minimum or valence band maximum of the semiconductor material in electrolyte. Despite its importance for quantifying the energetic location of the semiconductor bands, literature reports for the same material demonstrate significant variability in the flatband potential. In this compendium and meta-analysis, reported flatband potentials of the common semiconductor materials TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO in aqueous electrolyte were compiled and assessed to quantify the spread in literature flatband potentials as well as determine the factors that lead to the significant spread. For TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO, literature flatband potentials referenced to the reversible hydrogen electrode span a range of nearly 2 V each. Flatband potential tabulations were separated by variables such as the solution pH, the crystalline polymorph, the crystal facet, the morphology, and the dimensions or combinations of these variables to assess the factors that contribute to the observed spread. Important and surprising findings from these categorizations are summarized: (1) Even for the narrowest categorizations, the spread in flatband potential is still large. (2) Flatband potentials of TiO2 and SnO2 follow the expected Nernstian dependence with solution pH. ZnO materials deviate from this Nernstian dependence. (3) In the aggregate, there is no statistically significant difference in the reported flatband potentials of anatase and rutile TiO2. Single crystal tabulations were the only distributions to have statistically significant differences in the flatband potential between anatase and rutile TiO2. (4) Anatase TiO2 materials with a nanotube morphology appear to have a +400 mV difference in mean flatband potential compared to all other morphologies, but we argue that this is likely due to widespread misuse of the Mott–Schottky analysis. Other interesting findings are revealed within the spread of literature flatband potentials, and possible explanations are provided to generate discussion. We also briefly review and discuss common techniques that were used to determine the flatband potential and the pitfalls/criticisms of these techniques. Last, we discuss some ways in which future research on the determination of the flatband potential can be performed to improve the reliability of reported values and the quality of the work. In total, the results from this meta-analysis suggest multiple factors can affect the measured flatband potential and that an abundance of caution should be applied when attempting to quantify the flatband potential of complex or nanostructured systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001011

OSTI ID:: 1839156

Journal Information:: Chemical Physics Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Physics Reviews Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 3; ISSN 2688-4070

Publisher:: American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (251)

Controlling the Aspect Ratio of Inorganic Nanorods and Nanowires Murphy, C. J.; Jana, N. R. Advanced Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20020104)14:1%3C80::AID-ADMA80%3E3.0.CO;2-%23	journal	January 2002
Tin Oxide as a Protective Heterojunction with Silicon for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation in Strongly Acidic or Alkaline Electrolytes Moreno-Hernandez, Ivan A.; Brunschwig, Bruce S.; Lewis, Nathan S. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801155	journal	July 2018
TiO2 Nanotubes: Synthesis and Applications Roy, Poulomi; Berger, Steffen; Schmuki, Patrik Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201001374	journal	March 2011
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO ₂ on TiO ₂ and Other Semiconductors Habisreutinger, Severin N.; Schmidt-Mende, Lukas; Stolarczyk, Jacek K. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201207199	journal	June 2013
Tunnelling Processes at Highly Doped ZnO-Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes Part II: Electron Exchange with the Valence Band Pettinger, B.; Schöppel, H. -R.; Yokoyama, T. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, Vol. 78, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19740781012	journal	October 1974
Facet-Dependent Photocatalytic Properties of TiO ₂ -Based Composites for Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation Ong, Wee-Jun; Tan, Lling-Lling; Chai, Siang-Piao ChemSusChem, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300924	journal	February 2014
The Raman spectrum of brookite, TiO2 (Pbca, Z = 8) Tompsett, G. A.; Bowmaker, G. A.; Cooney, R. P. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250260110	journal	January 1995
Chemical di'ssolution of oxides: Experiments with Sintered ZnO pellets and ZnO single crystals Gerischer, H.; Sorg, N. Materials and Corrosion, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.19910420403	journal	April 1991
A new form of SnO2 found during oxidation of α-SnO thin films Kraševec, V.; Prodan, A.; Hudomalj, M. physica status solidi (a), Vol. 87, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210870110	journal	January 1985
SnO ₂ -Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries Chen, Jun Song; Lou, Xiong Wen David Small, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201202601	journal	February 2013
SnO ₂ : A Wonderful Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells Jiang, Qi; Zhang, Xingwang; You, Jingbi Small, Vol. 14, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801154	journal	June 2018
Reaction of excited dye molecules at electrodes Gerischer, Heinz; Willig, Frank Physical and Chemical Applications of Dyestuffs https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0046057	book	January 2006
Interfacial properties of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes studied by impedance spectroscopy Muñoz, A. G.; Chen, Q.; Schmuki, P. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-006-0241-9	journal	November 2006
Modelling the electric potential distribution in the dark in nanoporous semiconductor electrodes Bisquert, Juan; Garcia-Belmonte, Germà; Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100080050164	journal	August 1999
Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation Hanaor, Dorian A. H.; Sorrell, Charles C. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5113-0	journal	December 2010
Optical electrochemistry I: steady-state spectroscopy of conduction-band electrons in a metal oxide semiconductor electrode O'Regan, Brian; Grätzel, Michael; Fitzmaurice, Donald Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 183, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)85104-5	journal	August 1991
Electrochemical measurements on metal oxide electrodes—II. Impedance measurements on Nb-doped single crystal TiO2 Madou, M. J.; Kinoshita, K.; McKubre, M. C. H. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(84)87085-1	journal	March 1984
Dynamic electrolyte electroreflectance measurements for the in situ detection of flatband potential shift Salvador, P. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 37, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)85047-O	journal	April 1992
Electrolyte electroreflectance Gandia, J.; Pujadas, M.; Salvador, P. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 244, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(88)80095-0	journal	April 1988
High pressure synthesis of orthorhombic SnO2 Suito, K.; Kawai, N.; Masuda, Y. Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(75)90050-1	journal	July 1975
Charge transfer processes at semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces in connection with problems of catalysis Gerischer, H. Surface Science, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(69)90269-6	journal	November 1969
Electroreflectance from flatband Pond, Stephen F. Surface Science, Vol. 37 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(73)90351-8	journal	June 1973
Electron energy levels in semiconductor electrochemistry Gomes, W. P.; Cardon, F. Progress in Surface Science, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6816(82)90002-8	journal	January 1982
Adsorption on semiconductor electrodes Yoneyama, H.; Hoflund, G. B. Progress in Surface Science, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6816(86)90020-1	journal	January 1986
Using spectroscopy to probe the band energetics of transparent nanocrystalline semiconductor films Fitzmaurice, D. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 32, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90265-8	journal	March 1994
The significance of the difference in the point of zero charge between rutile and anatase Kosmulski, Marek Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 99, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00080-5	journal	December 2002
Recent topics in photoelectrochemistry: achievements and future prospects Tryk, D. A.; Fujishima, A.; Honda, K. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 45, Issue 15-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00337-6	journal	May 2000
The electrical double layer on silica in the presence of bivalent counter-ions Tadros, Th. F.; Lyklema, J. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(69)80140-3	journal	July 1969
Adsorption of divalent cations on tin oxide electrodes in aqueous solutions Uchida, Isamu; Akahoshi, Haruo; Toshima, Shinobu Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(78)80342-8	journal	March 1978
Magnetron sputtering: a review of recent developments and applications Kelly, P. J.; Arnell, R. D. Vacuum, Vol. 56, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-207X(99)00189-X	journal	March 2000
Quantum size effect in TiO2 nanoparticles: does it exist? Monticone, S.; Tufeu, R.; Kanaev, A. V. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 162-163 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00251-8	journal	August 2000
Versatility of chemical spray pyrolysis technique Patil, Pramod S. Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(99)00049-8	journal	June 1999
Recent aspects concerning DC reactive magnetron sputtering of thin films: a review Safi, I. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 127, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00566-1	journal	May 2000
Formation of crack-free nanoporous tin oxide layers via simple one-step anodic oxidation in NaOH at low applied voltages Zaraska, Leszek; Gilek, Dominika; Gawlak, Karolina Applied Surface Science, Vol. 390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.043	journal	December 2016
Conduction band engineering in semiconducting oxides (TiO2, SnO2): Applications in perovskite photovoltaics and beyond Kavan, Ladislav Catalysis Today, Vol. 328 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.065	journal	May 2019
Cation effects in nanocrystalline solar cells Watson, David F.; Meyer, Gerald J. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 248, Issue 13-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.015	journal	July 2004
TiO2 nanotubes: Self-organized electrochemical formation, properties and applications Macak, J. M.; Tsuchiya, H.; Ghicov, A. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol. 11, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2007.08.004	journal	February 2007
Band gap variation of size-controlled ZnO quantum dots synthesized by sol–gel method Lin, Kuo-Feng; Cheng, Hsin-Ming; Hsu, Hsu-Cheng Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 409, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.027	journal	June 2005
TiO2 nanotubes: H+insertion and strong electrochromic effects Ghicov, Andrei; Tsuchiya, Hiroaki; Hahn, Robert Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.01.015	journal	April 2006
Semiconducting properties of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes Muñoz, A. G. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 52, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.11.035	journal	March 2007
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study photo - induced effects on self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays Pu, P.; Cachet, H.; Sutter, E. M. M. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.048	journal	August 2010
Enhancement of electrochemical capacitance by tailoring the geometry of TiO2 nanotube electrodes Raj, C. Clement; Sundheep, R.; Prasanth, R. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.052	journal	September 2015
A review of recent results on electrochemical determination of the density of electronic states of nanostructured metal-oxide semiconductors and organic hole conductors Bisquert, Juan; Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Mora-Seró, Iván Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 361, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2007.05.032	journal	February 2008
pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. IV. Update and new approach Kosmulski, Marek Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 337, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.072	journal	September 2009
The pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge Kosmulski, Marek Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 353, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.08.023	journal	January 2011
Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using TiO2-based photocatalysts: A review Chen, Dongjie; Cheng, Yanling; Zhou, Nan Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 268 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121725	journal	September 2020
Electrochemical deposition of ZnO film and its photoluminescence properties Gao, Y. -F.; Nagai, M.; Masuda, Y. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 286, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.072	journal	January 2006
Electrochemical deposition of ZnO nanowire arrays with tailored dimensions Elias, J.; Tena-Zaera, R.; Lévy-Clément, C. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 621, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.09.015	journal	September 2008
Review of material design and reactor engineering on TiO2 photocatalysis for CO2 reduction Ola, Oluwafunmilola; Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.06.001	journal	September 2015
AI Applications through the Whole Life Cycle of Material Discovery Li, Jiali; Lim, Kaizhuo; Yang, Haitao Matter, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.06.011	journal	August 2020
Material informatics driven design and experimental validation of lead titanate as an aqueous solar photocathode Moot, Taylor; Isayev, Olexandr; Call, Robert W. Materials Discovery, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.md.2017.04.001	journal	October 2016
The formation of Z-scheme CdS/CdO nanorods on FTO substrates: The shell thickness effects on the flat band potentials Cho, Ki-Hyun; Sung, Yun-Mo Nano Energy, Vol. 36 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.04.037	journal	June 2017
Water splitting dye-sensitized solar cells Xu, Pengtao; McCool, Nicholas S.; Mallouk, Thomas E. Nano Today, Vol. 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2017.04.009	journal	June 2017
Metal oxide and hydroxide nanoarrays: Hydrothermal synthesis and applications as supercapacitors and nanocatalysts Yang, Qiu; Lu, Zhiyi; Liu, Junfeng Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2013.06.015	journal	August 2013
Challenges in band alignment between semiconducting materials: A case of rutile and anatase TiO2 Zhang, Daoyu; Dong, Shuai Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2019.03.012	journal	June 2019
The surface and materials science of tin oxide Batzill, Matthias; Diebold, Ulrike Progress in Surface Science, Vol. 79, Issue 2-4, p. 47-154 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2005.09.002	journal	January 2005
A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications Ong, Chin Boon; Ng, Law Yong; Mohammad, Abdul Wahab Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 81 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.020	journal	January 2018
Room-temperature gas sensing of ZnO-based gas sensor: A review Zhu, Ling; Zeng, Wen Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol. 267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2017.10.021	journal	November 2017
Peer Reviewed: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Better Electrochemical Measurements Park, Su-Moon; Yoo, Jung-Suk Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 75, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0313973	journal	November 2003
Spectroelectrochemistry of Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dots Ashokan, Arun; Mulvaney, Paul Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04416	journal	February 2021
Evidence of Bulk Proton Insertion in Nanostructured Anatase and Amorphous TiO ₂ Electrodes Makivić, Nikolina; Cho, Jae-Young; Harris, Kenneth D. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00840	journal	April 2021
Stabilized Solar Hydrogen Production with CuO/CdS Heterojunction Thin Film Photocathodes Septina, Wilman; Prabhakar, Rajiv Ramanujam; Wick, René Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05248	journal	February 2017
Phantom Electrons in Mesoporous Nanocrystalline SnO ₂ Thin Films with Cation-Dependent Reduction Onsets Barr, Timothy J.; Sampaio, Renato N.; DiMarco, Brian N. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05470	journal	April 2017
Quantifying the Extent of Ligand Incorporation and the Effect on Properties of TiO ₂ Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition Using an Alkoxide or an Alkylamide Dufond, Maxime E.; Diouf, Maïmouna W.; Badie, Clémence Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03621	journal	January 2020
Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications Ashford, Dennis L.; Gish, Melissa K.; Vannucci, Aaron K. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00229	journal	August 2015
Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects Jena, Ajay Kumar; Kulkarni, Ashish; Miyasaka, Tsutomu Chemical Reviews, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539	journal	March 2019
A Practical Beginner’s Guide to Cyclic Voltammetry Elgrishi, Noémie; Rountree, Kelley J.; McCarthy, Brian D. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 95, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00361	journal	November 2017
Tunneling and Thermally Activated Electron Transfer in Dye-Sensitized SnO ₂ \|TiO ₂ Core\|Shell Nanostructures Bangle, Rachel E.; Mortelliti, Michael J.; Troian-Gautier, Ludovic The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 124, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08200	journal	October 2020
Work Function of TiO ₂ (Anatase, Rutile, and Brookite) Single Crystals: Effects of the Environment Mansfeldova, Vera; Zlamalova, Magda; Tarabkova, Hana The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 125, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10519	journal	January 2021
Interfacial Electron Transfer through Ultrathin ALD TiO _x Layers: A Comparative Study of TiO ₂ /TiO _x and SnO ₂ /TiO _x Core/Shell Nanocrystals Mortelliti, Michael J.; Wang, Annie N.; Dempsey, Jillian L. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 125, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02428	journal	June 2021
Fast Charge-Carrier Trapping in TiO ₂ Nanotubes Wehrenfennig, C.; Palumbiny, C. M.; Snaith, H. J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01827	journal	April 2015
Crystalline TiO ₂ : A Generic and Effective Electron-Conducting Protection Layer for Photoanodes and -cathodes Mei, Bastian; Pedersen, Thomas; Malacrida, Paolo The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04407	journal	June 2015
Resolving the Controversy about the Band Alignment between Rutile and Anatase: The Role of OH ^– /H ⁺ Adsorption Kullgren, Jolla; Aradi, Bálint; Frauenheim, Thomas The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04821	journal	September 2015
Charge Recombination Dynamics in Sensitized SnO ₂ /TiO ₂ Core/Shell Photoanodes Knauf, Robin R.; Kalanyan, Berç; Parsons, Gregory N. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10574	journal	December 2015
Ultrathin Buffer Layers of SnO ₂ by Atomic Layer Deposition: Perfect Blocking Function and Thermal Stability Kavan, Ladislav; Steier, Ludmilla; Grätzel, Michael The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09965	journal	December 2016
Evidencing Fast, Massive, and Reversible H ⁺ Insertion in Nanostructured TiO ₂ Electrodes at Neutral pH. Where Do Protons Come From? Kim, Yee-Seul; Kriegel, Sébastien; Harris, Kenneth D. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02395	journal	May 2017
Determination of the Flat Band Potential of Nanoparticles in Porous Electrodes by Blocking the Substrate–Electrolyte Contact Naatz, Hendrik; Hoffmann, Ron; Hartwig, Andreas The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11423	journal	January 2018
Influence of Brookite Impurities on the Raman Spectrum of TiO ₂ Anatase Nanocrystals Ceballos-Chuc, M. C.; Ramos-Castillo, C. M.; Alvarado-Gil, J. J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b04987	journal	August 2018
Revealing the Relative Electronic Landscape of Colloidal ZnO and TiO ₂ Nanoparticles via Equilibration Studies Castillo-Lora, Janelle; Mitsuhashi, Ryoji; Mayer, James M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00829	journal	April 2019
Impedance Spectroscopy for Emerging Photovoltaics von Hauff, Elizabeth The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00892	journal	March 2019
Electron-Selective Layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ Kavan, Ladislav; Vlckova Zivcova, Zuzana; Zlamalova, Magda The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 124, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b11883	journal	March 2020
Nanoparticles, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots: What are the Implications of Size in Colloidal Nanoscale Materials? Kambhampati, Patanjali The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00754	journal	May 2021
Reconsideration of Intrinsic Band Alignments within Anatase and Rutile TiO ₂ Nosaka, Yoshio; Nosaka, Atsuko Y. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02804	journal	February 2016
Dynamics of Electron Injection in SnO ₂ /TiO ₂ Core/Shell Electrodes for Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells McCool, Nicholas S.; Swierk, John R.; Nemes, Coleen T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01528	journal	July 2016
Ultrafast Recombination Dynamics in Dye-Sensitized SnO ₂ /TiO ₂ Core/Shell Films Gish, Melissa K.; Lapides, Alexander M.; Brennaman, M. Kyle The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02388	journal	November 2016
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Oxide Electrodes for Energy Applications Bredar, Alexandria R. C.; Chown, Amanda L.; Burton, Andricus R. ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b01965	journal	December 2019
Charge Distribution in Nanostructured TiO ₂ Photoanode Determined by Quantitative Analysis of the Band Edge Unpinning Mandal, Dhritabrata; Hamann, Thomas W. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09200	journal	January 2016
Flat-Band Potentials of Molecularly Thin Metal Oxide Nanosheets Xu, Pengtao; Milstein, Tyler J.; Mallouk, Thomas E. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b02901	journal	April 2016
Proton-Induced Trap States, Injection and Recombination Dynamics in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells McCool, Nicholas S.; Swierk, John R.; Nemes, Coleen T. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b05362	journal	June 2016
Corrosion Protection of Copper Using Al ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ , ZnO, HfO ₂ , and ZrO ₂ Atomic Layer Deposition Daubert, James S.; Hill, Grant T.; Gotsch, Hannah N. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13571	journal	January 2017
Atomic Layer Deposition of Electron Selective SnO _x and ZnO Films on Mixed Halide Perovskite: Compatibility and Performance Hultqvist, Adam; Aitola, Kerttu; Sveinbjörnsson, Kári ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b07627	journal	August 2017
Investigation of (Leaky) ALD TiO ₂ Protection Layers for Water-Splitting Photoelectrodes Moehl, Thomas; Suh, Jihye; Sévery, Laurent ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b12564	journal	December 2017
Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Atomic-Layer-Deposited SnO ₂ as an Electron Transport Layer in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Kuang, Yinghuan; Zardetto, Valerio; van Gils, Roderick ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b09515	journal	August 2018
Potentially Confusing: Potentials in Electrochemistry Boettcher, Shannon W.; Oener, Sebastian Z.; Lonergan, Mark C. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02443	journal	December 2020
Mott–Schottky Analysis of Photoelectrodes: Sanity Checks Are Needed Sivula, Kevin ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01245	journal	July 2021
Rutile TiO ₂ as an Anode Material for Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells Swierk, John R.; Regan, Kevin P.; Jiang, Jianbing ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00279	journal	August 2016
Effects of Anions and pH on the Stability of ZnO Nanorods for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Liu, Ching-Fang; Lu, Yi-Jing; Hu, Chi-Chang ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00214	journal	March 2018
Influence of Surface States on the Evaluation of the Flat Band Potential of TiO ₂ Ge, Hao; Tian, Hui; Zhou, Yangen ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/am404743a	journal	February 2014
Axis-Oriented, Anatase TiO ₂ Single Crystals with Dominant {001} and {100} Facets Nguyen, Cuong Ky; Cha, Hyun Gil; Kang, Young Soo Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cg200815t	journal	August 2011
Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Single Crystals with High Carrier Mobility Lin, Wenwen; Chen, Dagui; Zhang, Jiye Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cg900339u	journal	September 2009
Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal Oxides and Hydroxides Therese, G. Helen Annal; Kamath, P. Vishnu Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm990447a	journal	May 2000
Light-Induced Redox Reactions in Nanocrystalline Systems Hagfeldt, Anders.; Graetzel, Michael. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 95, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00033a003	journal	January 1995
The sol-gel process Hench, Larry L.; West, Jon K. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00099a003	journal	January 1990
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Huynh, My Hang V.; Meyer, Thomas J. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500030	journal	November 2007
Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications Chen, Xiaobo; Mao, Samuel S. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535	journal	July 2007
Band Bending in Semiconductors: Chemical and Physical Consequences at Surfaces and Interfaces Zhang, Zhen; Yates, John T. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3000626	journal	June 2012
Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries Reddy, M. V.; Subba Rao, G. V.; Chowdari, B. V. R. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 113, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3001884	journal	March 2013
Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis in Atmospheric Chemistry Chen, Haihan; Nanayakkara, Charith E.; Grassian, Vicki H. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3002092	journal	September 2012
Titanium Dioxide (Anatase and Rutile): Surface Chemistry, Liquid–Solid Interface Chemistry, and Scientific Synthesis of Supported Catalysts Bourikas, Kyriakos; Kordulis, Christos; Lycourghiotis, Alexis Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300230q	journal	May 2014
Titanium Dioxide Crystals with Tailored Facets Liu, Gang; Yang, Hua Gui; Pan, Jian Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400621z	journal	May 2014
TiO ₂ Nanoparticles as Functional Building Blocks Sang, Lixia; Zhao, Yixin; Burda, Clemens Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400629p	journal	May 2014
One-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Nanowires, Nanorods, and Nanobelts Wang, Xudong; Li, Zhaodong; Shi, Jian Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400633s	journal	April 2014
Probing the Optical Property and Electronic Structure of TiO ₂ Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy Applications Kapilashrami, Mukes; Zhang, Yanfeng; Liu, Yi-Sheng Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5000893	journal	May 2014
Solution-Phase Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Nanocrystals Cargnello, Matteo; Gordon, Thomas R.; Murray, Christopher B. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500170p	journal	May 2014
Understanding TiO ₂ Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials Schneider, Jenny; Matsuoka, Masaya; Takeuchi, Masato Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5001892	journal	May 2014
Atomic Layer Deposition: An Overview George, Steven M. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 1, p. 111-131 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900056b	journal	January 2010
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Hagfeldt, Anders; Boschloo, Gerrit; Sun, Licheng Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900356p	journal	November 2010
Energetics of the semiconductor-electrolyte interface Turner, John A. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 60, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ed060p327	journal	April 1983
Flat-Band Potential of a Semiconductor: Using the Mott–Schottky Equation Gelderman, K.; Lee, L.; Donne, S. W. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 84, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ed084p685	journal	April 2007
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Growing ZnO Quantum Dots: Size and Band Gap Correlation and Evidence of Mobile Trap States Jacobsson, T. Jesper; Edvinsson, Tomas Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic201327n	journal	August 2011
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Metal Oxide Fine Particles at Supercritical Conditions Adschiri, Tadafumi; Hakuta, Yukiya; Arai, Kunio Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 39, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0003279	journal	December 2000
Electrical and optical properties of porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films Cao, Fei; Oskam, Gerko; Searson, Peter C. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 99, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100031a027	journal	August 1995
Spectroscopic determination of flatband potentials for polycrystalline TiO2 electrodes in mixed solvent systems Enright, Brendan; Redmond, Gareth; Fitzmaurice, Donald The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 98, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100075a023	journal	June 1994
Spectroscopic determination of the flatband potential of transparent nanocrystalline zinc oxide films Redmond, Gareth; O'Keeffe, Angela; Burgess, Carol The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 97, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100144a030	journal	October 1993
Optical electrochemistry. 2. Real-time spectroscopy of conduction band electrons in a metal oxide semiconductor electrode O'Regan, Brian; Graetzel, Michael; Fitzmaurice, Donald The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 95, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100179a001	journal	December 1991
Spectroscopy of conduction band electrons in transparent metal oxide semiconductor films: optical determination of the flatband potential of colloidal titanium dioxide films Rothenberger, Guido; Fitzmaurice, Donald; Graetzel, Michael The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 96, Issue 14, p. 5983-5986 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100193a062	journal	July 1992
The n-gallium arsenide electrolyte interface: evidence for specificity in lattice ion-electrolyte interactions, dependence for interfacial potential drops on crystal plane orientation to the electrolyte and implications for solar energy conversion Rajeshwar, K.; Mraz, T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100228a010	journal	March 1983
Electrochemical investigation of photocatalysis at cadmium sulfide suspensions in the presence of methylviologen White, James R.; Bard, Allen J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 89, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100256a027	journal	May 1985
The absolute potential of the standard hydrogen electrode: a new estimate Reiss, Howard; Heller, Adam The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 89, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100266a013	journal	September 1985
Design of semiconductor photoelectrochemical systems for solar energy conversion Bard, Allen J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100391a008	journal	January 1982
Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory Brus, Louis The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 90, Issue 12, p. 2555-2560 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a003	journal	June 1986
Correlation of photocurrent-voltage curves with flat-band potential for stable photoelectrodes for the photoelectrolysis of water Bolts, Jeffrey M.; Wrighton, Mark S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 80, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100565a004	journal	November 1976
Studies of the double layer at oxide-solution interface Ahmed, Syed M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 73, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100845a004	journal	November 1969
Electrochemical investigation of the energetics of particulate titanium dioxide photocatalysts. The methyl viologen-acetate system Ward, Michael D.; White, James R.; Bard, Allen J. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 105, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00339a007	journal	January 1983
Semiconductor electrodes. 13. Characterization and behavior of n-type zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, and gallium phosphide electrodes in acetonitrile solutions Kohl, P. A.; Bard, A. J. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 99, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00465a023	journal	November 1977
Flat-band potential of n-type semiconducting molybdenum disulfide by cyclic voltammetry of two-electron reductants: interface energetics and the sustained photooxidation of chloride Schneemeyer, Lynn F.; Wrighton, Mark S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 101, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00516a002	journal	October 1979
The concept of Fermi level pinning at semiconductor/liquid junctions. Consequences for energy conversion efficiency and selection of useful solution redox couples in solar devices Bard, Allen J.; Bocarsly, Andrew B.; Fan, Fu Ren F. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 102, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00531a001	journal	May 1980
Semiconductor electrodes. II. Electrochemistry at n-type titanium dioxide electrodes in acetonitrile solutions Frank, S. N.; Bard, Allen J. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 97, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00859a007	journal	December 1975
Water Oxidation at Hematite Photoelectrodes: The Role of Surface States Klahr, Benjamin; Gimenez, Sixto; Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja210755h	journal	February 2012
Using TiO ₂ as a Conductive Protective Layer for Photocathodic H ₂ Evolution Seger, Brian; Pedersen, Thomas; Laursen, Anders B. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja309523t	journal	January 2013
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer from Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO ₂ to [Co(bpy) ₃ ] ³⁺ : Insights Gained from Impedance Spectroscopy Liu, Yeru; Jennings, James R.; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja311743m	journal	March 2013
Systematic Modulation of Quantum (Electron) Tunneling Behavior by Atomic Layer Deposition on Nanoparticulate SnO ₂ and TiO ₂ Photoanodes Prasittichai, Chaiya; Avila, Jason R.; Farha, Omar K. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4089555	journal	October 2013
High Carrier Density and Capacitance in TiO ₂ Nanotube Arrays Induced by Electrochemical Doping Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Barea, Eva M.; Bisquert, Juan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja710899q	journal	August 2008
SnO ₂ Quantum Dots and Quantum Wires: Controllable Synthesis, Self-Assembled 2D Architectures, and Gas-Sensing Properties Xu, Xiangxing; Zhuang, Jing; Wang, Xun Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8040527	journal	September 2008
Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Investigation of Single-Crystal Anatase Kavan, L.; Grätzel, M.; Gilbert, S. E. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 118, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja954172l	journal	January 1996
Nanoparticle O–H Bond Dissociation Free Energies from Equilibrium Measurements of Cerium Oxide Colloids Agarwal, Rishi G.; Kim, Hyun-Jo; Mayer, James M. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 143, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c12799	journal	February 2021
Cation Effects on the Reduction of Colloidal ZnO Nanocrystals Valdez, Carolyn N.; Delley, Murielle F.; Mayer, James M. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b05144	journal	June 2018
Decoupling of Transport, Charge Storage, and Interfacial Charge Transfer in the Nanocrystalline TiO ₂ /Electrolyte System by Impedance Methods Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Garcia-Belmonte, Germà; Bisquert, Juan The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0119429	journal	January 2002
Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Blocking Layers in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cells Cameron, Petra J.; Peter, Laurence M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp030790+	journal	December 2003
Flatband Potential of F:SnO ₂ in a TiO ₂ Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell: An Interference Reflection Study Turrión, M.; Bisquert, J.; Salvador, P. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp034774o	journal	July 2003
Influence of Surface Protonation on the Sensitization Efficiency of Porphyrin-Derivatized TiO ₂ Watson, David F.; Marton, Andras; Stux, Arnold M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp048182x	journal	August 2004
Charge Transport versus Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing Nanocrystalline TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ Films Green, Alex N. M.; Palomares, Emilio; Haque, Saif A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp050145y	journal	June 2005
Direct Electrodeposition of ZnO Nanotube Arrays in Anodic Alumina Membranes Li, Liang; Pan, Shusheng; Dou, Xincun The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0711242	journal	April 2007
Surface-State-Mediated Electron Transfer at Nanostructured ZnO Multipod/Electrolyte Interfaces Parthasarathy, Meera; Ramgir, Niranjan S.; Sathe, Bhaskar R. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp072695x	journal	August 2007
Origin of Visible Photoluminescence of ZnO Quantum Dots: Defect-Dependent and Size-Dependent Zhang, Luyuan; Yin, Longwei; Wang, Chengxiang The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp101324a	journal	May 2010
Electrons in the Band Gap: Spectroscopic Characterization of Anatase TiO ₂ Nanocrystal Electrodes under Fermi Level Control Berger, Thomas; Anta, Juan A.; Morales-Flórez, Víctor The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp212436b	journal	May 2012
Influence of pH on Surface States Behavior in TiO ₂ Nanotubes Pu, P.; Cachet, H.; Laidani, N. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3060312	journal	October 2012
Modeling Diffusion of Tin into the Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Layer of a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoanode Kabre, Julienne; LeSuer, Robert J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3061366	journal	August 2012
Electrochemical Characterization of TiO ₂ Blocking Layers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Kavan, Ladislav; Tétreault, Nicolas; Moehl, Thomas The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4103614	journal	January 2014
Density of Deep Trap States in Oriented TiO ₂ Nanotube Arrays Zhang, Qian; Celorrio, Verónica; Bradley, Kieren The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp505091t	journal	July 2014
Influence of the Potassium Chloride Concentration on the Physical Properties of Electrodeposited ZnO Nanowire Arrays Tena-Zaera, Ramon; Elias, Jamil; Lévy-Clément, Claude The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp804563a	journal	September 2008
Influence of Feature Size, Film Thickness, and Silicon Doping on the Performance of Nanostructured Hematite Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting Cesar, Ilkay; Sivula, Kevin; Kay, Andreas The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp809060p	journal	December 2008
Thermal Chemistry of Tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)titanium on Si(100) Surfaces Kan, Byung-Chang; Boo, Jin-Hyo; Lee, Ilkeun The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 113, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8102172	journal	March 2009
Highly Active Photocatalytic TiO ₂ Powders Obtained by Thermohydrolysis of TiCl ₄ in Water Di Paola, Agatino; Bellardita, Marianna; Ceccato, Riccardo The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp904673e	journal	July 2009
Photocatalytic H ₂ Evolution over TiO ₂ Nanoparticles. The Synergistic Effect of Anatase and Rutile Kho, Yung Kent; Iwase, Akihide; Teoh, Wey Yang The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp910810r	journal	January 2010
Spectroscopic Determination of Electron and Hole Effective Masses in a Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Film Enright, Brendan; Fitzmaurice, Donald The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 100, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp951142w	journal	January 1996
Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor−Liquid Interfaces Nozik, Arthur J.; Memming, Rüdiger The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 100, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp953720e	journal	January 1996
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Electron Addition at Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide/Water and Zinc Oxide/Water Interfaces: Evidence for Band-Edge-Determining Proton Uptake Lemon, Buford I.; Hupp, Joseph T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 101, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp961780u	journal	April 1997
Synthesis and Growth of ZnO Nanoparticles Meulenkamp, Eric A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp980730h	journal	July 1998
Size Dependence of the Dissolution of ZnO Nanoparticles Meulenkamp, Eric A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp982305u	journal	October 1998
Electron Accumulation in Nanostructured TiO ₂ (Anatase) Electrodes Boschloo, Gerrit; Fitzmaurice, Donald The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp983040m	journal	September 1999
Spectroelectrochemistry of Highly Doped Nanostructured Tin Dioxide Electrodes Boschloo, Gerrit; Fitzmaurice, Donald The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9835566	journal	April 1999
Energetics of the Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide/Aqueous Solution Interface: Approximate Conduction Band Edge Variations between H ₀ = −10 and H _- = +26 Lyon, L. Andrew; Hupp, Joseph T. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9908404	journal	June 1999
Nanocrystalline Mesoporous Strontium Titanate as Photoelectrode Material for Photosensitized Solar Devices: Increasing Photovoltage through Flatband Potential Engineering Burnside, Shelly; Moser, Jacques-E.; Brooks, Keith The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9913867	journal	October 1999
Dissolution of ZnO Nanoparticles at Circumneutral pH: A Study of Size Effects in the Presence and Absence of Citric Acid Mudunkotuwa, Imali A.; Rupasinghe, Thilini; Wu, Chia-Ming Langmuir, Vol. 28, Issue 1, p. 396-403 https://doi.org/10.1021/la203542x	journal	December 2011
Anatase TiO ₂ Nanoparticles on Rutile TiO ₂ Nanorods: A Heterogeneous Nanostructure via Layer-by-Layer Assembly Liu, Zhaoyue; Zhang, Xintong; Nishimoto, Shunsuke Langmuir, Vol. 23, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/la7018023	journal	September 2007
Perturbation of the Electron Transport Mechanism by Proton Intercalation in Nanoporous TiO ₂ Films Halverson, Adam F.; Zhu, Kai; Erslev, Peter T. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl300399w	journal	January 2012
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode Fujishima, Akira; Honda, Kenichi Nature, Vol. 238, Issue 5358, p. 37-38 https://doi.org/10.1038/238037a0	journal	July 1972
Photoelectrochemical cells Grätzel, Michael Nature, Vol. 414, Issue 6861 https://doi.org/10.1038/35104607	journal	November 2001
Band alignment of rutile and anatase TiO2 Scanlon, David O.; Dunnill, Charles W.; Buckeridge, John Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3697	journal	July 2013
Recent advances and applications of machine learning in solid-state materials science Schmidt, Jonathan; Marques, Mário R. G.; Botti, Silvana npj Computational Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-019-0221-0	journal	August 2019
Band Alignment and Controllable Electron Migration between Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Mi, Yang; Weng, Yuxiang Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11482	journal	July 2015
Growth of ZnO thin films—experiment and theory Claeyssens, Frederik; Freeman, Colin L.; Allan, Neil L. J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/B414111C	journal	January 2005
Physical electrochemistry of nanostructured devices Bisquert, Juan Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/B709316K	journal	January 2008
Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting Kudo, Akihiko; Miseki, Yugo Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/B800489G	journal	January 2009
Photodriven heterogeneous charge transfer with transition-metal compounds anchored to TiO ₂ semiconductor surfaces Ardo, Shane; Meyer, Gerald J. Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/B804321N	journal	January 2009
Solution-derived ZnOnanostructures for photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells Xu, Feng; Sun, Litao Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00448K	journal	January 2011
Constraints to the flat band potential of hematite photo-electrodes Hankin, A.; Alexander, J. C.; Kelsall, G. H. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 16, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP00096J	journal	January 2014
Band energies of nanoparticle semiconductor electrodes determined by spectroelectrochemical measurements of free electrons Mandal, Dhritabrata; Hamann, Thomas W. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP01714A	journal	January 2015
High performance of electrochemical lithium storage batteries: ZnO-based nanomaterials for lithium-ion and lithium–sulfur batteries Zhang, Jian; Gu, Peng; Xu, Jing Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR07207K	journal	January 2016
Flat band potential determination: avoiding the pitfalls Hankin, Anna; Bedoya-Lora, Franky E.; Alexander, John C. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA09569A	journal	January 2019
Pushing property limits in materials discovery via boundless objective-free exploration Terayama, Kei; Sumita, Masato; Tamura, Ryo Chemical Science, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC00982B	journal	January 2020
Conformal SnO _x heterojunction coatings for stabilized photoelectrochemical water oxidation using arrays of silicon microcones Moreno-Hernandez, Ivan A.; Yalamanchili, Sisir; Fu, Harold J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA01144D	journal	January 2020
Interpretation and use of Mott–Schottky plots at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface Albery, W. John; O'Shea, Gerald J.; Smith, Alec L. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., Vol. 92, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/FT9969204083	journal	January 1996
Wet chemical synthesis of silver nanorods and nanowires of controllable aspect ratio Jana, Nikhil R.; Gearheart, Latha; Murphy, Catherine J. Chemical Communications, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/b100521i	journal	January 2001
Photoelectrochemical properties of platinum(iv) chloride surface modified TiO2Dedicated to Professor Jean Kossanyi on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Macyk, Wojciech; Burgeth, Gerald; Kisch, Horst Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/b211583b	journal	January 2003
Chemical capacitance of nanostructured semiconductors: its origin and significance for nanocomposite solar cells Bisquert, Juan Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/b310907k	journal	January 2003
Solar hydrogen production with nanostructured metal oxides van de Krol, Roel; Liang, Yongqi; Schoonman, Joop Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/b718969a	journal	January 2008
Synergistic effect between anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles in dye-sensitized solar cells Li, Gonghu; Richter, Christiaan P.; Milot, Rebecca L. Dalton Transactions, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/b908686b	journal	January 2009
Anatase TiO2 single crystals with exposed {001} and {110} facets: facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalysis Liu, Min; Piao, Lingyu; Zhao, Lei Chemical Communications, Vol. 46, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/b924172h	journal	January 2010
A spatially resolved study on the Sn diffusion during the sintering process in the active layer of dye sensitised solar cells Andrei, Codrin; O'Reilly, Thomas; Zerulla, Dominic Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c000072h	journal	January 2010
Fundamental aspects of surface engineering of transition metal oxide photocatalysts Batzill, Matthias Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01577j	journal	January 2011
Recent advances in hybrid photocatalysts for solar fuel production Tran, Phong D.; Wong, Lydia H.; Barber, James Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee02849b	journal	January 2012
Conduction band energy determination by variable temperature spectroelectrochemistry Ondersma, Jesse W.; Hamann, Thomas W. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22926a	journal	January 2012
Zeta potential and interfacial electron transfer in colloidal TiO2 Brown, Graham T.; Darwent, James R. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c39850000098	journal	January 1985
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: an overview of bioanalytical applications Randviir, Edward P.; Banks, Craig E. Analytical Methods, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay26476a	journal	January 2013
Hydrothermal synthetic strategies of inorganic semiconducting nanostructures Shi, Weidong; Song, Shuyan; Zhang, Hongjie Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 42, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60012b	journal	January 2013
Electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of iron(III) oxide Dare-Edwards, Martin P.; Goodenough, John B.; Hamnett, Andrew Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, Vol. 79, Issue 9, 2027 https://doi.org/10.1039/f19837902027	journal	January 1983
Determination of carrier density of ZnO nanowires by electrochemical techniques Mora-Seró, Iván; Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Denier, Benjamin Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2390667	journal	November 2006
Review of zincblende ZnO: Stability of metastable ZnO phases Ashrafi, A.; Jagadish, C. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 102, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2787957	journal	October 2007
Photoelectrolysis and physical properties of the semiconducting electrode WO ₂ Butler, M. A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.323948	journal	May 1977
(Photo)electrochemical characterization of tin‐doped indium oxide van den Meerakker, J. E. A. M.; Meulenkamp, E. A.; Scholten, M. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 74, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.354549	journal	September 1993
Electron–electron and electron‐hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state Brus, L. E. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.447218	journal	May 1984
Band alignment of TiO ₂ /FTO interface determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Effect of annealing Fan, Haibo; Yang, Zhou; Ren, Xianpei AIP Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941040	journal	January 2016
X-ray study of SnO ₂ under high pressure and temperature generated with sintered diamond anvils Endo, S.; Nitawaki, S.; Shige, T. High Pressure Research, Vol. 4, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959008246138	journal	April 1990
On the determination of the flat-band potential of a semiconductor in contact with a metal or an electrolyte from the Mott-Schottky plot Cardon, F.; Gomes, W. P. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/11/4/003	journal	March 1978
Phase-pure TiO ₂ nanoparticles: anatase, brookite and rutile Reyes-Coronado, D.; Rodríguez-Gattorno, G.; Espinosa-Pesqueira, M. E. Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/14/145605	journal	March 2008
Observation of defect state in highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays Zhang, Hongchao; Zhou, Min; Fu, Qun Nanotechnology, Vol. 25, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/27/275603	journal	June 2014
A review on ZnO nanostructured materials: energy, environmental and biological applications Theerthagiri, J.; Salla, Sunitha; Senthil, R. A. Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab268a	journal	July 2019
Depletion-Layer Photoeffects in Semiconductors Gärtner, Wolfgang W. Physical Review, Vol. 116, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.116.84	journal	October 1959
TiO 2 -SnO 2 :F interfacial electronic structure investigated by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy Kronawitter, Coleman X.; Kapilashrami, Mukes; Bakke, Jonathan R. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.125109	journal	March 2012
Structure and Energetics of Water Adsorbed at TiO 2 Anatase \(101\) and \(001\) Surfaces Vittadini, A.; Selloni, A.; Rotzinger, F. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.2954	journal	October 1998
Ceramic Powder Synthesis by Spray Pyrolysis Messing, Gary L.; Zhang, Shi-Chang; Jayanthi, Gopal V. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 76, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb04007.x	journal	November 1993
Conventional and Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Nanopowders Corradi, Anna Bonamartini; Bondioli, Federica; Focher, Bonaventura Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 88, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00474.x	journal	September 2005
Consistency and reproducibility in atomic layer deposition Sønsteby, Henrik H.; Yanguas-Gil, Angel; Elam, Jeffrey W. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5140603	journal	March 2020
Amorphous TiO2 coatings stabilize Si, GaAs, and GaP photoanodes for efficient water oxidation Hu, S.; Shaner, M. R.; Beardslee, J. A. Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6187 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251428	journal	May 2014
Photoelectrochemistry Bard, A. J. Science, Vol. 207, Issue 4427 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.207.4427.139	journal	January 1980
A critical assessment of the Mott-Schottky analysis for the characterisation of passive film-electrolyte junctions La Mantia, F.; Habazaki, H.; Santamaria, M. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, Vol. 46, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1134/S102319351011011X	journal	November 2010
TiO ₂ Photocatalysis: A Historical Overview and Future Prospects Hashimoto, Kazuhito; Irie, Hiroshi; Fujishima, Akira Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.44.8269	journal	December 2005
Orientation Dependence of Charge-Transfer Processes on TiO[sub 2] (Anatase) Single Crystals Hengerer, Roland; Kavan, Ladislav; Krtil, Petr Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1393379	journal	January 2000
Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanoporous Semiconductor Electrodes in Dielectric State Deposited on SnO[sub 2](F) Conducting Substrates Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco; Garcia-Belmonte, Germà; Bisquert, Juan Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1568741	journal	January 2003
Electrolyte Optimization for Cathodic Growth of Zinc Oxide Films Izaki, Masanobu; Omi, Takashi Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 143, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1836529	journal	March 1996
Mott-Schottky Analysis of Nanometer-Scale Thin-Film Anatase TiO[sub 2] van de Krol, R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837668	journal	January 1997
The Transport and Kinetics of Photogenerated Carriers in Colloidal Semiconductor Electrode Particles Albery, W. John; Bartlett, Philip N. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2115568	journal	February 1984
Mott‐Schottky Plots and Flatband Potentials for Single Crystal Rutile Electrodes Cooper, G.; Turner, J. A.; Nozik, A. J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2124334	journal	September 1982
The Preparation of TiO2 Electrodes with Minimum Mott‐Schottky Frequency Dispersion Finklea, Harry O. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2124340	journal	September 1982
Semiconductor Properties of Iron Oxide Electrodes Wilhelm, S. M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2129055	journal	January 1979
Characterized Semiconductor Electrodes: I . Effect of Processing Variables on the Photoelectrochemical Properties of Single Crystal (Rutile) Wilson, R. H.; Harris, L. A.; Gerstner, M. E. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2129153	journal	May 1979
Semiconductor Electrodes: XXIII . The Determination of Flatband Potentials from Differential Stress Measurements with Attached Piezoelectric Detectors Handley, Lee J.; Bard, Allen J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2129667	journal	February 1980
Flatband Potential of Cadmium Sulfide ( CdS ) Photoanodes and Its Dependence on Surface Ion Effects Ginley, D. S.; Butler, M. A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2131337	journal	December 1978
Prediction of Flatband Potentials at Semiconductor-Electrolyte Interfaces from Atomic Electronegativities Butler, M. A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2131419	journal	January 1978
Adsorption, Desorption, and Sensitization of Low-Index Anatase and Rutile Surfaces by the Ruthenium Complex Dye N3 Lu, Yunfeng; Choi, Dae-jin; Nelson, Jimmy Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 153, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2205168	journal	January 2006
Chemical Spray Deposition Process for Inorganic Films Chamberlin, R. R.; Skarman, J. S. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 113, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2423871	journal	January 1966
A Photo-Electrochemical Investigation of Self-Organized TiO[sub 2] Nanotubes Lynch, Robert P.; Ghicov, Andrei; Schmuki, Patrik Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 157, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3276455	journal	January 2010
Electrochemical Investigation on the Inhibitive Nature of Barrier Layer on the Growth Rate of TiO ₂ Nanotube Arrays Raj, C. Clement; Neelakantan, Lakshman Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0021811jes	journal	January 2018
The absolute electrode potential: an explanatory note (Recommendations 1986) Trasatti, S. Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198658070955	journal	January 1986
The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals Xu, Yong; Schoonen, Martin A. A. American Mineralogist, Vol. 85, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2000-0416	journal	March 2000
Recent Developments in R.F. Magnetron Sputtered Thin Films for pH Sensing Applications—An Overview Maurya, D.; Sardarinejad, A.; Alameh, K. Coatings, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings4040756	journal	December 2014
“Traditional” Sol-Gel Chemistry as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of Supported Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts Esposito, Serena Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12040668	journal	February 2019
Surface Science Studies of Gas Sensing Materials: SnO2 Batzill, Matthias Sensors, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/s6101345	journal	October 2006
The pH Response and Sensing Mechanism of n-Type ZnO/Electrolyte Interfaces Al-Hilli, Safaa; Willander, Magnus Sensors, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/s90907445	journal	September 2009

Similar Records

Flatband potential of a p-type phosphide electrode

Journal Article · 1978 · J. Appl. Phys.; (United States) · OSTI ID:6882406

Horowitz, G

A contactless in situ EFISH method for measuring electrostatic potential profile of semiconductor/electrolyte junctions

Journal Article · 2024 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:2578609

Zhao, Fengyi; Xu, Zihao; Suo, Sa; +4 more

Hierarchically Structured ZnO Film for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Energy Conversion Efficiency

Journal Article · 2007 · Advanced Materials, 19(18):2588-2405 · OSTI ID:921226

Chou, Tammy P; Zhang, Qifeng; Fryxell, Glen E; +1 more

Title: A compendium and meta-analysis of flatband potentials for TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2 semiconductors in aqueous media

Citation Formats

References (251)

Similar Records

Related Subjects