Power transport efficiency during O-X-B 2nd harmonic electron cyclotron heating in a helicon linear plasma device

Lau, Cornwall; Goulding, Richard; Bigelow, Tim S.; Biewer, Theodore; Caughman, John; Rapp, Juergen; Caneses Marin, Juan

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ac4525

Title: Power transport efficiency during O-X-B 2nd harmonic electron cyclotron heating in a helicon linear plasma device

Journal Article · 30 December 2021 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac4525 · OSTI ID:1838969

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The principal objective of this work is to report on the power coupled to a tungsten target in the prototype-material plasma exposure experiment device during oblique injection of a microwave beam (<70 kW at 28 GHz) into a high-power (~100 kW at 13.56 MHz) over-dense ($${n_e} > 1 \times {10^{19}}{\text{ }}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}$$) deuterium helicon plasma column. The experimental setup, electron heating system, electron heating scheme, and IR thermographic diagnostic for quantifying the power transport is described in detail. It is demonstrated that the power transported to the target can be effectively controlled by adjusting the magnetic field profile. Using this method, heat fluxes up to 22 MW m^-2 and power transport efficiencies in the range of 17%–20% have been achieved using 70 kW of microwave power. It is observed that most of the heat flux is confined to a narrow region at the plasma periphery. Ray-tracing calculations are presented which indicate that the power is coupled to the plasma electrons via an O-X-B mode conversion process. Calculations indicate that the microwave power is absorbed in a single pass at the plasma periphery via collisions and in the over-dense region via 2nd harmonic cyclotron resonance of the electron Bernstein wave. The impact of our results is discussed in the context of MPEX.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1838969

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Journal Name: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 64; ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

Plasma surface interaction experimental facility (PISCES) for materials and edge physics studies Goebel, D. M.; Campbell, G.; Conn, R. W. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 121 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(84)90135-1	journal	May 1984
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron resonance heating in the VASIMR Bering, E. A.; Chang-Díaz, F. R.; Squire, J. P. Advances in Space Research, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.034	journal	July 2008
Emissivity measurement of tungsten plasma facing components of the WEST tokamak Gaspar, J.; Pocheau, C.; Corre, Y. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111328	journal	December 2019
Heat flux estimation of a plasma rocket helicon source by solution of the inverse heat conduction problem Mulcahy, James M.; Browne, David J.; Stanton, Kenneth T. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.10.031	journal	April 2009
Inverse estimate of heat flux on a plasma discharge tube to steady-state conditions using thermocouple data and a radiation boundary condition de Faoite, D.; Browne, D. J.; Del Valle Gamboa, J. I. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 77 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.04.069	journal	October 2014
A general method for solving transient multidimensional inverse heat transfer problems Duda, Piotr International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.029	journal	February 2016
Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications Tolias, P. Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002	journal	December 2017
Penetration of high-frequency waves into a weakly inhomogeneous magnetized plasma at oblique incidence and their transformation to Bernstein modes Preinhaelter, J.; Kopecký, V. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377800007649	journal	August 1973
Excitation, propagation, and damping of electron Bernstein waves in tokamaks Ram, A. K.; Schultz, S. D. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1289689	journal	January 2000
Upper‐Hybrid Resonance Absorption, Emission, and Heating of an Afterglow Plasma Column Stenzel, R. L.; Gould, R. W. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1659758	journal	October 1971
Electron Bernstein wave generation in a linear plasma system Yadav, Vipin K.; Bora, D. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1784787	journal	October 2004
Helicon plasma ion temperature measurements and observed ion cyclotron heating in proto-MPEX Beers, C. J.; Goulding, R. H.; Isler, R. C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994541	journal	January 2018
Differential pumping requirements for the light-ion helicon source and heating systems of Proto-MPEX Caneses, J. F.; Piotrowicz, P. A.; Biewer, T. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5001519	journal	August 2018
Observations of electron heating during 28 GHz microwave power application in proto-MPEX Biewer, T. M.; Bigelow, T. S.; Caneses, J. F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018479	journal	February 2018
An electron Bernstein wave heating scheme for the Proto-MPEX linear device Diem, S. J.; Green, D. L.; Harvey, R. W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5033334	journal	July 2018
Computational investigation of ion cyclotron heating on Proto-MPEX Piotrowicz, P. A.; Goulding, R. H.; Caneses, J. F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5065784	journal	March 2019
Evidence of electron heating at different radial locations on Proto-MPEX Lau, C.; Caneses, J. F.; Bigelow, T. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5083814	journal	March 2019
Utilization of O-X-B mode conversion of 28 GHz microwaves to heat core electrons in the upgraded Proto-MPEX Biewer, T. M.; Lau, C.; Bigelow, T. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5093321	journal	May 2019
Off-midplane launch of electron Bernstein waves for current drive in overdense plasmas Forest, C. B.; Chattopadhyay, P. K.; Harvey, R. W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873951	journal	May 2000
Ion Fluxes and Neutral Gas Ionization Efficiency of the 100-kW Light-Ion Helicon Plasma Source Concept for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment Caneses, J. F.; Piotrowicz, P. A.; Biewer, T. M. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1622988	journal	June 2019
Results of Ion Cyclotron Heating Experiments on Proto-MPEX Utilizing a Movable Stainless Steel Target Goulding, R. H.; Piotrowicz, P. A.; Beers, C. J. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 75, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1623569	journal	June 2019
The behaviour of electrostatic double probes in plasmas with high-amplitude RF fields Stampa, A.; Wulf, H. O. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/11/7/011	journal	May 1978
Electron cyclotron emission and absorption in fusion plasmas Bornatici, M.; Cano, R.; De Barbieri, O. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 23, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/23/9/005	journal	September 1983
Electron Bernstein wave heating and current drive in overdense plasmas at the W7-AS stellarator Laqua, H. P.; Maassberg, H.; Volpe, F. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/11/004	journal	November 2003
Optical tomography: forward and inverse problems Arridge, Simon R.; Schotland, John C. Inverse Problems, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123010	journal	December 2009
Electron Bernstein wave heating and diagnostic Laqua, Heinrich Peter Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/49/4/R01	journal	March 2007
Full-wave calculation of the O–X–B mode conversion of Gaussian beams in a cylindrical plasma Köhn, A.; Cappa, Á; Holzhauer, E. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/50/8/085018	journal	June 2008
High density hydrogen helicon plasma in a non-uniform magnetic field Mori, Yoshitaka; Nakashima, Hieki; Baity, Frederick W. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/13/3/009	journal	June 2004
A calibrated infrared imaging study on the steady state thermal behaviour of Hall effect thrusters Mazouffre, S.; Echegut, P.; Dudeck, M. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/16/1/003	journal	October 2006
Experimental and theoretical determination of the efficiency of a sub-atmospheric flowing high power cascaded arc hydrogen plasma source Vijvers, W. A. J.; Schram, D. C.; Shumack, A. E. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/19/6/065016	journal	November 2010
RF compensation of double Langmuir probes: modelling and experiment Caneses, Juan F.; Blackwell, Boyd Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/24/3/035024	journal	May 2015
Collisional damping of helicon waves in a high density hydrogen linear plasma device Caneses, Juan F.; Blackwell, Boyd D. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/25/5/055027	journal	September 2016
Effect of magnetic field ripple on parallel electron transport during microwave plasma heating in the Proto-MPEX linear plasma device Caneses, J. F.; Spong, D. A.; Lau, C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab73d9	journal	February 2020
Characterizing the plasma-induced thermal loads on a 200 kW light-ion helicon plasma source via infra-red thermography Caneses Marin, J. F.; Beers, C. J.; Chakraborty Thakur, S. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/abf814	journal	July 2021
Material testing facilities and programs for plasma-facing component testing Linsmeier, Ch.; Unterberg, B.; Coenen, J. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa4feb	journal	June 2017
Collisional Damping of Electron Bernstein Waves and its Mitigation by Evaporated Lithium Conditioning in Spherical-Tokamak Plasmas Diem, S. J.; Taylor, G.; Caughman, J. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.015002	journal	June 2009
Mode Conversion and Local Heating below the Second Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Sugai, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.47.1899	journal	December 1981
Resonant and Nonresonant Electron Cyclotron Heating at Densities above the Plasma Cutoff by O-X-B Mode Conversion at the W7-As Stellarator Laqua, H. P.; Erckmann, V.; Hartfuß, H. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3467	journal	May 1997
The Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment: Status of the Physics Basis Together With the Conceptual Design and Plans Forward Rapp, J.; Lau, C.; Lumsdaine, A. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2020.2970398	journal	June 2020
Heat Flux Analysis From IR Imaging on Proto-MPEX Lau, Cornwall; Caneses, J. F.; Piotrowicz, P. A. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 48, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2020.3011891	journal	September 2020
Electron Cyclotron Waves Westerhof, Egbert Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 57, Issue 2T https://doi.org/10.13182/FST10-A9412	journal	February 2010

Similar Records

Plasma source development for fusion-relevant material testing

Journal Article · 2017 · Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A · OSTI ID:1361355

Caughman, John B. O.; Goulding, Richard H.; Biewer, Theodore M.; +17 more

Developing the science and technology for the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment

Journal Article · 2017 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1408019

Rapp, J.; Biewer, T. M.; Bigelow, T. S.; +31 more

The Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment: Status of the Physics Basis Together With the Conceptual Design and Plans Forward

Journal Article · 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · OSTI ID:1649557

Rapp, Juergen; Lau, Cornwall; Lumsdaine, Arnold; +12 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Title: Power transport efficiency during O-X-B 2nd harmonic electron cyclotron heating in a helicon linear plasma device

Citation Formats

References (41)

Similar Records

Related Subjects