The Hubble Constant from Strongly Lensed Supernovae with Standardizable Magnifications

Birrer, Simon; Dhawan, Suhail; Shajib, Anowar J.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac323a

Title: The Hubble Constant from Strongly Lensed Supernovae with Standardizable Magnifications

Journal Article · 03 January 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac323a · OSTI ID:1838661

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Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); SLAC/KIPAC
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)

The dominant uncertainty in the current measurement of the Hubble constant (H₀) with strong gravitational lensing time delays is attributed to uncertainties in the mass profiles of the main deflector galaxies. Strongly lensed supernovae (glSNe) can provide, in addition to measurable time delays, lensing magnification constraints when knowledge about the unlensed apparent brightness of the explosion is imposed. We present a hierarchical Bayesian framework to combine a data set of SNe that are not strongly lensed and a data set of strongly lensed SNe with measured time delays. We jointly constrain (i) H₀ using the time delays as an absolute distance indicator, (ii) the lens model profiles using the magnification ratio of lensed and unlensed fluxes on the population level, and (iii) the unlensed apparent magnitude distribution of the SN population and the redshift–luminosity relation of the relative expansion history of the universe. We apply our joint inference framework on a future expected data set of glSNe and forecast that a sample of 144 glSNe of Type Ia with well-measured time series and imaging data will measure H₀ to 1.5%. We discuss strategies to mitigate systematics associated with using absolute flux measurements of glSNe to constrain the mass density profiles. Using the magnification of SN images is a promising and complementary alternative to using stellar kinematics. Future surveys, such as the Rubin and Roman observatories, will be able to discover the necessary number of glSNe, and with additional follow-up observations, this methodology will provide precise constraints on mass profiles and H₀.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Contributing Organization:: KIPAC

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1838661

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 924; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Anomalies in Time Delays of Lensed Gravitational Waves and Dark Matter Substructures Liao, Kai; Ding, Xuheng; Biesiada, Marek The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae30f	journal	October 2018
Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics beyond ΛCDM Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422	journal	May 2019
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Hatt, Dylan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f73	journal	August 2019
ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Properties of the 2018 Sample Yao, Yuhan; Miller, Adam A.; Kulkarni, S. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf5	journal	December 2019
Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.; Hoyt, Taylor The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7339	journal	March 2020
ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. II. First Light, the Initial Rise, and Time to Reach Maximum Brightness Miller, A. A.; Yao, Y.; Bulla, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb13b	journal	October 2020
It’s Dust: Solving the Mysteries of the Intrinsic Scatter and Host-galaxy Dependence of Standardized Type Ia Supernova Brightnesses Brout, Dillon; Scolnic, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 909, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd69b	journal	March 2021
Projected Cosmological Constraints from Strongly Lensed Supernovae with the Roman Space Telescope Pierel, J. D. R.; Rodney, S.; Vernardos, G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd8d3	journal	February 2021
Hierarchical Inference with Bayesian Neural Networks: An Application to Strong Gravitational Lensing Wagner-Carena, Sebastian; Park, Ji Won; Birrer, Simon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 909, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abdf59	journal	March 2021
Large-scale Gravitational Lens Modeling with Bayesian Neural Networks for Accurate and Precise Inference of the Hubble Constant Park, Ji Won; Wagner-Carena, Sebastian; Birrer, Simon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 910, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abdfc4	journal	March 2021
Measurements of the Hubble Constant: Tensions in Perspective* Freedman, Wendy L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac0e95	journal	September 2021
Gravitational Lensing Formalism in a Curved Arc Basis: A Continuous Description of Observables and Degeneracies from the Weak to the Strong Lensing Regime Birrer, Simon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 919, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1108	journal	September 2021
“Worst-case” Microlensing in the Identification and Modeling of Lensed Quasars Weisenbach, Luke; Schechter, Paul L.; Pontula, Sahil The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 922, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2228	journal	November 2021
Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E.; Goobar, Ariel The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab1fe0	journal	July 2019
Measuring type ia Supernova Populations of Stretch and Color and Predicting Distance Biases Scolnic, D.; Kessler, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 822, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/822/2/L35	journal	May 2016
HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE Goldstein, Daniel A.; Nugent, Peter E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 834, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/834/1/L5	journal	December 2016
Interpreting the Strongly Lensed Supernova iPTF16geu: Time Delay Predictions, Microlensing, and Lensing Rates More, Anupreeta; Suyu, Sherry H.; Oguri, Masamune The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 835, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/835/2/L25	journal	January 2017
First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Constraints on Cosmological Parameters Abbott, T. M. C.; Allam, S.; Andersen, P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab04fa	journal	February 2019
Could Quasar Lensing Time Delays Hint to a Core Component in Halos, Instead of H ₀ Tension? Blum, Kfir; Castorina, Emanuele; Simonović, Marko The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab8012	journal	April 2020
Cosmic Distances Calibrated to 1% Precision with Gaia EDR3 Parallaxes and Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of 75 Milky Way Cepheids Confirm Tension with ΛCDM Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abdbaf	journal	February 2021

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