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Title: Requirements for Interdependent Reserve Types Providing Primary Frequency Control

Journal Article · · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
 [1];  [2]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  2. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

As renewable energy penetration increases and system inertia levels drop, primary frequency control is becoming a critical concern in relatively small interconnections such as the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). To address this problem ERCOT is implementing a number of market rule changes including the introduction of a new Fast Frequency Response (FFR) reserve type to the electricity market. This FFR reserve type aims to help the traditional Primary Frequency Response (PFR) reserve type in arresting frequency decline in the event of a large generator outage. This paper derives reserve requirements to ensure sufficient reserve to arrest frequency decline before reaching the critical frequency threshold while coupling PFR reserve, FFR reserve, and system inertia. The general reserve requirement places limits on the amount of PFR reserve that can be provided by each unit based on its ramping capabilities. Two such limits are derived from first principles and another is proposed that is capable of accommodating the equivalency ratio introduced in previous work. These PFR reserve limits also provide first principles insight into equivalency ratios, which have only been studied empirically in the past. High-level insights are provided on a large Texas test case.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
NA0003525
OSTI ID:
1837120
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1817698; OSTI ID: 1837121
Report Number(s):
SAND-2020-7183J; 687352
Journal Information:
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 37, Issue 1; ISSN 0885-8950
Publisher:
IEEECopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English