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Title: Debris Disk Results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign

Abstract

In this work, we report the results of a ~4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L* > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics,more » we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Contributing Org.:
G. GPIES Survey
OSTI Identifier:
1836924
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-829586
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881; 1045541; TRN: US2300393
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; AST-1411868; AST-141378; AST-1518332; NNX14AJ80G; NNX15AC89G; NNX15AD95G; DGE-1752134
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astronomical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astronomical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 160; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Esposito, Thomas M., Kalas, Paul, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Duchêne, Gaspard, Patience, Jennifer, Hom, Justin, Perrin, Marshall D., De Rosa, Robert J., Chiang, Eugene, Czekala, Ian, Macintosh, Bruce, Graham, James R., Ansdell, Megan, Arriaga, Pauline, Bruzzone, Sebastian, Bulger, Joanna, Chen, Christine H., Cotten, Tara, Dong, Ruobing, Draper, Zachary H., Follette, Katherine B., Hung, Li-Wei, Lopez, Ronald, Matthews, Brenda C., Mazoyer, Johan, Metchev, Stan, Rameau, Julien, Ren, Bin, Rice, Malena, Song, Inseok, Stahl, Kevin, Wang, Jason, Wolff, Schuyler, Zuckerman, Ben, Ammons, S. Mark, Bailey, Vanessa P., Barman, Travis, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Doyon, Rene, Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen J., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hinkley, Sasha, Ingraham, Patrick, Konopacky, Quinn, Maire, Jérôme, Marchis, Franck, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Nielsen, Eric L., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David, Poyneer, Lisa, Pueyo, Laurent, Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Soummer, Rémi, Thomas, Sandrine, and Ward-Duong, Kimberly. Debris Disk Results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199.
Esposito, Thomas M., Kalas, Paul, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Duchêne, Gaspard, Patience, Jennifer, Hom, Justin, Perrin, Marshall D., De Rosa, Robert J., Chiang, Eugene, Czekala, Ian, Macintosh, Bruce, Graham, James R., Ansdell, Megan, Arriaga, Pauline, Bruzzone, Sebastian, Bulger, Joanna, Chen, Christine H., Cotten, Tara, Dong, Ruobing, Draper, Zachary H., Follette, Katherine B., Hung, Li-Wei, Lopez, Ronald, Matthews, Brenda C., Mazoyer, Johan, Metchev, Stan, Rameau, Julien, Ren, Bin, Rice, Malena, Song, Inseok, Stahl, Kevin, Wang, Jason, Wolff, Schuyler, Zuckerman, Ben, Ammons, S. Mark, Bailey, Vanessa P., Barman, Travis, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Doyon, Rene, Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen J., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hinkley, Sasha, Ingraham, Patrick, Konopacky, Quinn, Maire, Jérôme, Marchis, Franck, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Nielsen, Eric L., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David, Poyneer, Lisa, Pueyo, Laurent, Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Soummer, Rémi, Thomas, Sandrine, & Ward-Duong, Kimberly. Debris Disk Results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199
Esposito, Thomas M., Kalas, Paul, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Duchêne, Gaspard, Patience, Jennifer, Hom, Justin, Perrin, Marshall D., De Rosa, Robert J., Chiang, Eugene, Czekala, Ian, Macintosh, Bruce, Graham, James R., Ansdell, Megan, Arriaga, Pauline, Bruzzone, Sebastian, Bulger, Joanna, Chen, Christine H., Cotten, Tara, Dong, Ruobing, Draper, Zachary H., Follette, Katherine B., Hung, Li-Wei, Lopez, Ronald, Matthews, Brenda C., Mazoyer, Johan, Metchev, Stan, Rameau, Julien, Ren, Bin, Rice, Malena, Song, Inseok, Stahl, Kevin, Wang, Jason, Wolff, Schuyler, Zuckerman, Ben, Ammons, S. Mark, Bailey, Vanessa P., Barman, Travis, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Doyon, Rene, Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen J., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hinkley, Sasha, Ingraham, Patrick, Konopacky, Quinn, Maire, Jérôme, Marchis, Franck, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Nielsen, Eric L., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David, Poyneer, Lisa, Pueyo, Laurent, Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Soummer, Rémi, Thomas, Sandrine, and Ward-Duong, Kimberly. Mon . "Debris Disk Results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1836924.
@article{osti_1836924,
title = {Debris Disk Results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey's Polarimetric Imaging Campaign},
author = {Esposito, Thomas M. and Kalas, Paul and Fitzgerald, Michael P. and Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. and Duchêne, Gaspard and Patience, Jennifer and Hom, Justin and Perrin, Marshall D. and De Rosa, Robert J. and Chiang, Eugene and Czekala, Ian and Macintosh, Bruce and Graham, James R. and Ansdell, Megan and Arriaga, Pauline and Bruzzone, Sebastian and Bulger, Joanna and Chen, Christine H. and Cotten, Tara and Dong, Ruobing and Draper, Zachary H. and Follette, Katherine B. and Hung, Li-Wei and Lopez, Ronald and Matthews, Brenda C. and Mazoyer, Johan and Metchev, Stan and Rameau, Julien and Ren, Bin and Rice, Malena and Song, Inseok and Stahl, Kevin and Wang, Jason and Wolff, Schuyler and Zuckerman, Ben and Ammons, S. Mark and Bailey, Vanessa P. and Barman, Travis and Chilcote, Jeffrey and Doyon, Rene and Gerard, Benjamin L. and Goodsell, Stephen J. and Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. and Hibon, Pascale and Hinkley, Sasha and Ingraham, Patrick and Konopacky, Quinn and Maire, Jérôme and Marchis, Franck and Marley, Mark S. and Marois, Christian and Nielsen, Eric L. and Oppenheimer, Rebecca and Palmer, David and Poyneer, Lisa and Pueyo, Laurent and Rajan, Abhijith and Rantakyrö, Fredrik T. and Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste and Savransky, Dmitry and Schneider, Adam C. and Sivaramakrishnan, Anand and Soummer, Rémi and Thomas, Sandrine and Ward-Duong, Kimberly},
abstractNote = {In this work, we report the results of a ~4 yr direct imaging survey of 104 stars to resolve and characterize circumstellar debris disks in scattered light as part of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Exoplanet Survey. We targeted nearby (≲150 pc), young (≲500 Myr) stars with high infrared (IR) excesses (LIR/L* > 10-5), including 38 with previously resolved disks. Observations were made using the GPI high-contrast integral field spectrograph in H-band (1.6 μm) coronagraphic polarimetry mode to measure both polarized and total intensities. We resolved 26 debris disks and 3 protoplanetary/transitional disks. Seven debris disks were resolved in scattered light for the first time, including newly presented HD 117214 and HD 156623, and we quantified basic morphologies of five of them using radiative transfer models. All of our detected debris disks except HD 156623 have dust-poor inner holes, and their scattered-light radii are generally larger than corresponding radii measured from resolved thermal emission and those inferred from spectral energy distributions. To assess sensitivity, we report contrasts and consider causes of nondetections. Detections were strongly correlated with high IR excess and high inclination, although polarimetry outperformed total intensity angular differential imaging for detecting low-inclination disks (≲70°). Based on postsurvey statistics, we improved upon our presurvey target prioritization metric predicting polarimetric disk detectability. We also examined scattered-light disks in the contexts of gas, far-IR, and millimeter detections. Comparing H-band and ALMA fluxes for two disks revealed tentative evidence for differing grain properties. Finally, we found no preference for debris disks to be detected in scattered light if wide-separation substellar companions were present.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-3881/ab9199},
journal = {The Astronomical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 160,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Jun 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

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Imaging polarimetry with the Gemini Planet Imager
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Gemini Planet Imager Observations of the au Microscopii Debris Disk: Asymmetries Within one Arcsecond
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A narrow, edge-on disk resolved around HD 106906 with SPHERE
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Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
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On the AU Microscopii debris disk: Density profiles, grain properties, and dust dynamics
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The Nearest Young Moving Groups
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Resolved debris discs around A stars in the Herschel DEBRIS survey
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The HIP 79977 debris disk in polarized light
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A probable giant planet imaged in the β Pictoris disk : VLT/NaCo deep
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The star formation history and accretion-disc fraction among the K-type members of the Scorpius–Centaurus OB association
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Young Stars Near the Sun
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Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments (ALICE): Statistical assessment of point source detections
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Observations of fast-moving features in the debris disk of AU Mic on a three-year timescale: Confirmation and new discoveries
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Revised astrometric calibration of the Gemini Planet Imager
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Debris Disks in the Upper Scorpius ob Association
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SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python
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Evolution of Debris Disks
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The Gemini Planet Imager coronagraph testbed
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Collisional modelling of the AU Microscopii debris disc
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Two cold belts in the debris disk around the G-type star NZ Lupi
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Automated alignment and on-sky performance of the Gemini planet imager coronagraph
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Gemini planet imager observational calibrations VIII: characterization and role of satellite spots
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Alma Hints at the Presence of two Companions in the disk Around hd 100546
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Observations of warm molecular gas and kinematics in the disc around HD 100546
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The dust grain size–stellar luminosity trend in debris discs
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Analysis of the Herschel DEBRIS Sun-like star sample
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Disks around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S). I. SPHERE/IRDIS Polarimetric Imaging of Eight Prominent T Tauri Disks
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Discovery of a Substellar Companion to the Nearby Debris disk host hr 2562
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Detecting the Dusty Debris of Terrestrial Planet Formation
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Predictions for Shepherding Planets in Scattered Light Images of Debris Disks
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Complex Spiral Structure in the HD 100546 Transitional Disk as Revealed by GPI and MagAO
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Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
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HUBBLE AND SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE DEBRIS DISK AROUND THE NEARBY K DWARF HD 92945
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Incidence of debris discs around FGK stars in the solar neighbourhood
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Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability
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Dust production in debris discs: constraints on the smallest grains
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Gemini planet imager observational calibrations II: detector performance and calibration
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Origin of the structure of the Kuiper belt during a dynamical instability in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune
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DISK RADII AND GRAIN SIZES IN HERSCHEL -RESOLVED DEBRIS DISKS
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A 40 Myr OLD GASEOUS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK AT 49 CETI: MASSIVE CO-RICH COMET CLOUDS AT YOUNG A-TYPE STARS
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journal, September 2016

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  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 828, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/828/2/113

The debris disc of solar analogue   Ceti: Herschel observations and dynamical simulations of the proposed multiplanet system
journal, September 2014

  • Lawler, S. M.; Di Francesco, J.; Kennedy, G. M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 444, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1641

The Gemini Planet Imager View of the HD 32297 Debris Disk
journal, May 2020

  • Duchêne, Gaspard; Rice, Malena; Hom, Justin
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 159, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab8881

HST AND SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF THE HD 207129 DEBRIS RING
journal, September 2010


NICMOS Imaging of the HR 4796A Circumstellar Disk
journal, March 1999

  • Schneider, Glenn; Smith, Bradford A.; Becklin, E. E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 513, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/311921

Extended Millimeter Emission in the HD 141569 Circumstellar Disk Detected with ALMA
journal, May 2018


Performance of the integral field spectrograph for the Gemini Planet Imager
conference, September 2012

  • Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Larkin, James E.; Maire, Jérôme
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.925790

A Disk-Based Dynamical mass Estimate for the Young Binary ak sco
journal, June 2015


First light of the CHARIS high-contrast integral-field spectrograph
conference, September 2017

  • Rizzo, Maxime; Currie, Thayne; Groff, Tyler D.
  • Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2273525

Gemini planet imager observational calibration XII: photometric calibration in the polarimetry mode
conference, August 2016

  • Hung, Li-Wei; Bruzzone, Sebastian; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2233665

High contrast observations of circumstellar disks with the Gemini Planet Imager's polarimetry mode
conference, September 2017

  • Esposito, Thomas; Perrin, Marshall D.; Kalas, Paul
  • Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VIII
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2275823

The Moth: An Unusual Circumstellar Structure Associated with HD 61005
journal, November 2007

  • Hines, Dean C.; Schneider, Glenn; Hollenbach, David
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 671, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/525016

The Peculiar Debris disk of hd 111520 as Resolved by the Gemini Planet Imager
journal, July 2016

  • Draper, Zachary H.; Duchêne, Gaspard; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 826, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/147

Structures in the Protoplanetary disk of Hd142527 seen in Polarized Scattered Light
journal, January 2014

  • Avenhaus, Henning; Quanz, Sascha P.; Schmid, Hans Martin
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 781, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/781/2/87

SPHERE/SHINE reveals concentric rings in the debris disk of HIP 73145
journal, April 2017


On the age of the β Pictoris moving group
journal, October 2014

  • Mamajek, Eric E.; Bell, Cameron P. M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1894

Gemini Planet Imager observational calibrations I: Overview of the GPI data reduction pipeline
conference, July 2014

  • Perrin, Marshall D.; Maire, Jérôme; Ingraham, Patrick
  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2055246

IMAGING AN 80 au RADIUS DUST RING AROUND THE F5V STAR HD 157587
journal, October 2016

  • Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.; Wang, Jason J.; Kalas, Paul
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 152, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/5/128