DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: IceCube high-energy starting event sample: Description and flux characterization with 7.5 years of data

Journal Article · · Physical Review. D.
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has established the existence of a high-energy all-sky neutrino flux of astrophysical origin. This discovery was made using events interacting within a fiducial region of the detector surrounded by an active veto and with reconstructed energy above 60 TeV, commonly known as the high-energy starting event sample (HESE). Here, we revisit the analysis of the HESE sample with an additional 4.5 years of data, newer glacial ice models, and improved systematics treatment. This paper describes the sample in detail, reports on the latest astrophysical neutrino flux measurements, and presents a source search for astrophysical neutrinos. We give the compatibility of these observations with specific isotropic flux models proposed in the literature as well as generic power-law-like scenarios. Assuming νeμτ=1:1:1, and an equal flux of neutrinos and antineutrinos, we find that the astrophysical neutrino spectrum is compatible with an unbroken power law, with a preferred spectral index of $$2.87_{-0.19}^{+0.20}$$ for the 68% confidence interval.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Contributing Organization:
IceCube Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1836265
Journal Information:
Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 104; ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (171)

Cosmic neutrinos of ultra-high energies and detection possibility journal February 1975
Neutrino telescopes as QCD microscopes journal January 2019
The prompt atmospheric neutrino flux in the light of LHCb journal February 2016
Improved constraints on parton distributions using LHCb, ALICE and HERA heavy-flavour measurements and implications for the predictions for prompt atmospheric-neutrino fluxes journal April 2020
Signatures of microscopic black holes and extra dimensions at future neutrino telescopes journal April 2020
Search for sphalerons: IceCube vs. LHC journal May 2016
Prompt neutrino fluxes in the atmosphere with PROSA parton distribution functions journal May 2017
Perturbative charm production and the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux in light of RHIC and LHC journal June 2015
Seeking leptoquarks in IceCube journal June 2018
A binned likelihood for stochastic models journal June 2019
Measurement of charm production at central rapidity in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 2.76\;{\text{TeV}} $ journal July 2012
The high energy neutrino cross-section in the Standard Model and its uncertainty journal August 2011
Lepton fluxes from atmospheric charm revisited journal October 2015
Charm production in the forward region: constraints on the small-x gluon and backgrounds for neutrino astronomy journal November 2015
Prompt atmospheric neutrino fluxes: perturbative QCD models and nuclear effects journal November 2016
The 8-parameter Fisher–Bingham distribution on the sphere journal August 2020
Cosmic ray energy spectrum from measurements of air showers journal April 2013
Preliminary reference Earth model journal June 1981
Particle astrophysics with high energy neutrinos journal July 1995
Erratum journal June 1996
A limit on the neutrino-neutrino scattering cross section from the supernova journal June 1987
Detecting ντ oscillations at PeV energies journal May 1995
Ultrahigh-energy neutrino interactions journal August 1996
First year performance of the IceCube neutrino telescope journal October 2006
Methods for point source analysis in high energy neutrino telescopes journal May 2008
The design and performance of IceCube DeepCore journal May 2012
Spectrum of cosmic-ray nucleons, kaon production, and the atmospheric muon charge ratio journal July 2012
A new contribution to the conventional atmospheric neutrino flux journal April 2015
ANIS: High energy neutrino generator for neutrino telescopes journal November 2005
Penalized splines for smooth representation of high-dimensional Monte Carlo datasets journal September 2013
Neutrino oscillations in dark matter journal December 2020
The IceCube data acquisition system: Signal capture, digitization, and timestamping
  • Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 601, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.001
journal April 2009
Measurement of South Pole ice transparency with the IceCube LED calibration system
  • Aartsen, M. G.; Abbasi, R.; Abdou, Y.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 711 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.054
journal May 2013
Another look at confidence intervals: Proposal for a more relevant and transparent approach
  • Biller, Steven D.; Oser, Scott M.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 774 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.081
journal February 2015
R-parity violating supersymmetry at IceCube journal November 2016
Limits on neutrino Lorentz violation from multimessenger observations of TXS 0506+056 journal February 2019
Cosmic rays from the knee to the highest energies journal October 2009
Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics book January 2016
Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption journal November 2017
Linking high-energy cosmic particles by black-hole jets embedded in large-scale structures journal January 2018
Tidally disrupted stars as a possible origin of both cosmic rays and neutrinos at the highest energies journal July 2018
Open issues in hadronic interactions for air showers journal January 2017
Markov chain Monte Carlo without likelihoods journal December 2003
New Solar Opacities, Abundances, Helioseismology, and Neutrino Fluxes journal January 2005
emcee : The MCMC Hammer
  • Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Hogg, David W.; Lang, Dustin
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 125, Issue 925 https://doi.org/10.1086/670067
journal March 2013
FERMI -LAT OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIFFUSE γ-RAY EMISSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC RAYS AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM journal April 2012
THE SPECTRUM OF ISOTROPIC DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION BETWEEN 100 MeV AND 820 GeV journal January 2015
Neutrino and Cosmic-Ray Emission and Cumulative Background from Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei journal June 2015
A Combined Maximum-Likelihood Analysis of the High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrino flux Measured with Icecube journal August 2015
Saturation physics in ultra high energy cosmic rays: heavy quark production journal April 2007
How unequal fluxes of high energy astrophysical neutrinos and antineutrinos can fake new physics journal October 2016
High-energy neutrino attenuation in the Earth and its associated uncertainties journal November 2017
Neutrino oscillations in dark backgrounds journal July 2018
Unified atmospheric neutrino passing fractions for large-scale neutrino telescopes journal July 2018
Multimessenger astronomy and new neutrino physics journal October 2018
Efficient propagation of systematic uncertainties from calibration to analysis with the SnowStorm method in IceCube journal October 2019
Observing EeV neutrinos through Earth: GZK and the anomalous ANITA events journal January 2020
Sterile neutrinos in astrophysical neutrino flavor journal February 2020
Complete predictions for high-energy neutrino propagation in matter journal September 2020
Review of Particle Physics journal October 2016
Tau Neutrinos in IceCube journal March 2007
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: instrumentation and online systems journal March 2017
A unified perspective on modified Poisson likelihoods for limited Monte Carlo data journal January 2020
In-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge response of the IceCube photomultiplier tubes journal June 2020
Energy reconstruction methods in the IceCube neutrino telescope journal March 2014
High-energy cosmic neutrinos from spine-sheath BL Lac jets journal June 2015
A simplified view of blazars: the neutrino background journal July 2015
Theory of Probability book August 1998
Resonant Scattering of Antineutrinos journal April 1960
On the Origin of the Cosmic Radiation journal April 1949
Probing strong dynamics with cosmic neutrinos journal November 2019
New constraints on the origin of medium-energy neutrinos observed by IceCube journal May 2020
Constraining the energy spectrum of neutral pions in ultra-high-energy proton-air interactions journal January 2021
Angular distribution of events from SN1987A journal June 1988
Leptonic unitarity triangle and CP violation journal June 2002
Detecting microscopic black holes with neutrino telescopes journal June 2002
Three-dimensional calculation of atmospheric neutrinos journal July 2004
Ultrahigh energy neutrino-nucleon scattering and parton distributions at small x journal May 2006
Probing leptoquark production at IceCube journal December 2006
Calculation of atmospheric neutrino flux using the interaction model calibrated with atmospheric muon data journal February 2007
Prompt neutrino fluxes from atmospheric charm journal August 2008
Vetoing atmospheric neutrinos in a high energy neutrino telescope journal February 2009
Cosmic ray interaction event generator SIBYLL 2.1 journal November 2009
Influence of hadronic interaction models and the cosmic ray spectrum on the high energy atmospheric muon and neutrino flux journal December 2012
PeV neutrinos observed by IceCube from cores of active galactic nuclei journal August 2013
Testing the hadronuclear origin of PeV neutrinos observed with IceCube journal December 2013
Testing relativity with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos journal February 2014
Search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos with the IceCube 59-string configuration journal March 2014
Connection of the virtual γ * p cross section of e p deep inelastic scattering to real γ p scattering, and the implications for ν N and e p total cross sections journal May 2014
Glashow resonance as a window into cosmic neutrino sources journal December 2014
Atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos above 1 TeV interacting in IceCube journal January 2015
Determining neutrino oscillation parameters from atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance with three years of IceCube DeepCore data journal April 2015
Spectral analysis of the high-energy IceCube neutrinos journal May 2015
Cosmic ray proton plus helium energy spectrum measured by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in the energy range 3–300 TeV journal June 2015
Leptoquark implication from the CMS and IceCube experiments journal June 2015
High-energy behavior of photon, neutrino, and proton cross sections journal October 2015
Investigating the effects of the QCD dynamics in the neutrino absorption by the Earth’s interior at ultrahigh energies journal December 2015
Choked jets and low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts as hidden neutrino sources journal April 2016
Probing BSM neutrino physics with flavor and spectral distortions: Prospects for future high-energy neutrino telescopes journal April 2016
First all-flavor neutrino pointlike source search with the ANTARES neutrino telescope journal October 2017
Astrophysical neutrinos flavored with beyond the Standard Model physics journal October 2017
All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured by the HAWC experiment from 10 to 500 TeV journal December 2017
IceCube can constrain the intrinsic charm of the proton journal December 2017
IceCube’s astrophysical neutrino energy spectrum from C P T violation journal February 2018
Discrepancies in simultaneous explanation of flavor anomalies and IceCube PeV events using leptoquarks journal May 2018
Review of Particle Physics journal August 2018
Searching for leptoquarks at IceCube and the LHC journal August 2018
Differential limit on the extremely-high-energy cosmic neutrino flux in the presence of astrophysical background from nine years of IceCube data journal September 2018
Unitarity bounds of astrophysical neutrinos journal December 2018
Measurements using the inelasticity distribution of multi-TeV neutrino interactions in IceCube journal February 2019
Flavor of cosmic neutrinos preserved by ultralight dark matter journal March 2019
Measurement of the Atmospheric ν e Flux in IceCube journal April 2013
Flavor Composition of the High-Energy Neutrino Events in IceCube journal August 2014
Observation of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data journal September 2014
What is the Flavor of the Cosmic Neutrinos Seen by IceCube? journal April 2015
Flavor Ratio of Astrophysical Neutrinos above 35 TeV in IceCube journal April 2015
Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube journal August 2015
Theoretically Palatable Flavor Combinations of Astrophysical Neutrinos journal October 2015
Effect of New Physics in Astrophysical Neutrino Flavor journal October 2015
Tomographic Constraints on High-Energy Neutrinos of Hadronuclear Origin journal November 2015
Hidden Cosmic-Ray Accelerators as an Origin of TeV-PeV Cosmic Neutrinos journal February 2016
Imaging Galactic Dark Matter with High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos journal November 2017
Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations at 6–56 GeV with IceCube DeepCore journal February 2018
Extracting the Energy-Dependent Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Section above 10 TeV Using IceCube Showers journal January 2019
Zee-Burst: A New Probe of Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions at IceCube journal January 2020
Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data journal February 2020
Characteristics of the Diffuse Astrophysical Electron and Tau Neutrino Flux with Six Years of IceCube High Energy Cascade Data journal September 2020
Observation of a neutrino burst from the supernova SN1987A journal April 1987
Neutrino mass limits from SN1987A journal May 1987
Implications of the supernova SN1987A neutrino signals journal May 1988
Bounds on exotic-particle interactions from SN1987A journal May 1988
Axions from SN1987A journal May 1988
Limits on the Neutrino Magnetic Moment from SN1987A journal July 1988
Limits on the Neutrino Magnetic Moment from Sn1987A journal November 1988
Phenomenology of High-Energy Neutrinos in Low-Scale Quantum-Gravity Models journal December 2001
Supernova mechanisms journal October 1990
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays journal September 2011
Bayesian inference in physics journal September 2011
Nobel Lecture: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Observation of flavor change for solar neutrinos journal July 2016
Why isn’t every physicist a Bayesian? journal May 1995
Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector journal November 2013
Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A journal July 2018
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert journal July 2018
High-energy spectra of atmospheric neutrinos journal December 2012
A Limited Memory Algorithm for Bound Constrained Optimization journal September 1995
The natural parameterization of cosmic neutrino oscillations journal September 2015
Search for neutrinos from decaying dark matter with IceCube: IceCube Collaboration journal October 2018
Probing particle physics with IceCube journal November 2018
Search for steady point-like sources in the astrophysical muon neutrino flux with 8 years of IceCube data journal March 2019
Constraining power of open likelihoods, made prior-independent journal June 2020
Probabilistic treatment of the uncertainty from the finite size of weighted Monte Carlo data journal June 2018
The Astrophysics of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays journal September 2011
Astrophysical Sources of High-Energy Neutrinos in the IceCube Era journal October 2017
Progress in Electroweak Baryogenesis journal December 1993
P ARTICLE P HYSICS FROM S TARS journal December 1999
F LUX OF A TMOSPHERIC N EUTRINOS journal December 2002
Systematic Errors journal November 2007
The Large-Sample Distribution of the Likelihood Ratio for Testing Composite Hypotheses journal March 1938
The cosmic ray proton plus helium energy spectrum measured by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in the energy range 3-300 TeV collection January 2016
Importance Nested Sampling and the MultiNest Algorithm journal November 2019
Practical statistics for particle physics text January 2020
Multimessenger Search for the Sources of Cosmic Rays Using Cosmic Neutrinos journal May 2019
Observation and Characterization of a Cosmic muon Neutrino flux from the Northern Hemisphere Using six Years of Icecube data journal December 2016
All-sky Search for Time-integrated Neutrino Emission from Astrophysical Sources with 7 yr of IceCube Data journal January 2017
Evidence against Star-forming Galaxies as the Dominant Source of Icecube Neutrinos journal February 2017
Proton and Helium Spectra from the CREAM-III Flight journal April 2017
Constraints on Galactic Neutrino Emission with Seven Years of IceCube Data journal October 2017
Search for Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos Using Seven Years of IceCube Cascade Events journal November 2019
3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi -LAT Sources journal September 2017
The Proton and Helium cosmic ray spectra from 50 GeV to 15 TeV journal January 2011
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Observation of Flavor Change for Solar Neutrinos audiovisual January 2016