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Title: nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 1028 year half-life sensitivity

Abstract

Abstract The nEXO neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay experiment is designed to use a time projection chamber and 5000 kg of isotopically enriched liquid xenon to search for the decay in 136Xe. Progress in the detector design, paired with higher fidelity in its simulation and an advanced data analysis, based on the one used for the final results of EXO-200, produce a sensitivity prediction that exceeds the half-life of 1028 years. Specifically, improvements have been made in the understanding of production of scintillation photons and charge as well as of their transport and reconstruction in the detector. The more detailed knowledge of the detector construction has been paired with more assays for trace radioactivity in different materials. In particular, the use of custom electroformed copper is now incorporated in the design, leading to a substantial reduction in backgrounds from the intrinsic radioactivity of detector materials. Furthermore, a number of assumptions from previous sensitivity projections have gained further support from interim work validating the nEXO experiment concept. Together these improvements and updates suggest that the nEXO experiment will reach a half-life sensitivity of 1.35 × 1028 yr at 90% confidence level in 10 years of data taking, covering the parameter space associatedmore » with the inverted neutrino mass ordering, along with a significant portion of the parameter space for the normal ordering scenario, for almost all nuclear matrix elements. The effects of backgrounds deviating from the nominal values used for the projections are also illustrated, concluding that the nEXO design is robust against a number of imperfections of the model.« less

Authors:
 [1]; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
  1. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States); nEXO Collaboration, et al.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
Contributing Org.:
nEXO Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1835825
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1837228; OSTI ID: 1860563; OSTI ID: 1860927; OSTI ID: 1862405; OSTI ID: 1871487; OSTI ID: 1903459; OSTI ID: 1992040
Report Number(s):
BNL-222524-2021-JAAM; LLNL-JRNL-826690
Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899; TRN: US2300264
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-01ER41166; AC05-00OR22725; SC0012704; SC0020438; AC52-07NA27344; AC02-76SF00515; SC0017970
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 49; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Xe-136; Monte Carlo simulations; time-projection chambers; neutrinoless double beta decay; neutrinos

Citation Formats

Adhikari, G., Al Kharusi, S., Angelico, E., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Czyz, S. A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J-F, Priel, N., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. M., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J-L, Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T. nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 1028 year half-life sensitivity. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ac3631.
Adhikari, G., Al Kharusi, S., Angelico, E., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Czyz, S. A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J-F, Priel, N., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. M., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J-L, Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., & Ziegler, T. nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 1028 year half-life sensitivity. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac3631
Adhikari, G., Al Kharusi, S., Angelico, E., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Collister, R., Czyz, S. A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fu, Y. S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Harouaka, K., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Ondze, J. Nzobadila, Odgers, K., Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J-F, Priel, N., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Ramonnye, G. J., Rao, T., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Shang, X., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. M., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J-L, Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yan, W., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T. Fri . "nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 1028 year half-life sensitivity". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac3631. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1835825.
@article{osti_1835825,
title = {nEXO: neutrinoless double beta decay search beyond 1028 year half-life sensitivity},
author = {Adhikari, G. and Al Kharusi, S. and Angelico, E. and Anton, G. and Arnquist, I. J. and Badhrees, I. and Bane, J. and Belov, V. and Bernard, E. P. and Bhatta, T. and Bolotnikov, A. and Breur, P. A. and Brodsky, J. P. and Brown, E. and Brunner, T. and Caden, E. and Cao, G. F. and Cao, L. and Chambers, C. and Chana, B. and Charlebois, S. A. and Chernyak, D. and Chiu, M. and Cleveland, B. and Collister, R. and Czyz, S. A. and Dalmasson, J. and Daniels, T. and Darroch, L. and DeVoe, R. and Di Vacri, M. L. and Dilling, J. and Ding, Y. Y. and Dolgolenko, A. and Dolinski, M. J. and Dragone, A. and Echevers, J. and Elbeltagi, M. and Fabris, L. and Fairbank, D. and Fairbank, W. and Farine, J. and Ferrara, S. and Feyzbakhsh, S. and Fu, Y. S. and Gallina, G. and Gautam, P. and Giacomini, G. and Gillis, W. and Gingras, C. and Goeldi, D. and Gornea, R. and Gratta, G. and Hardy, C. A. and Harouaka, K. and Heffner, M. and Hoppe, E. W. and House, A. and Iverson, A. and Jamil, A. and Jewell, M. and Jiang, X. S. and Karelin, A. and Kaufman, L. J. and Kotov, I. and Krücken, R. and Kuchenkov, A. and Kumar, K. S. and Lan, Y. and Larson, A. and Leach, K. G. and Lenardo, B. G. and Leonard, D. S. and Li, G. and Li, S. and Li, Z. and Licciardi, C. and Lindsay, R. and MacLellan, R. and Mahtab, M. and Martel-Dion, P. and Masbou, J. and Massacret, N. and McElroy, T. and McMichael, K. and Peregrina, M. Medina and Michel, T. and Mong, B. and Moore, D. C. and Murray, K. and Nattress, J. and Natzke, C. R. and Newby, R. J. and Ni, K. and Nolet, F. and Nusair, O. and Ondze, J. Nzobadila and Odgers, K. and Odian, A. and Orrell, J. L. and Ortega, G. S. and Overman, C. T. and Parent, S. and Perna, A. and Piepke, A. and Pocar, A. and Pratte, J-F and Priel, N. and Radeka, V. and Raguzin, E. and Ramonnye, G. J. and Rao, T. and Rasiwala, H. and Rescia, S. and Retière, F. and Ringuette, J. and Riot, V. and Rossignol, T. and Rowson, P. C. and Roy, N. and Saldanha, R. and Sangiorgio, S. and Shang, X. and Soma, A. K. and Spadoni, F. and Stekhanov, V. and Sun, X. L. and Tarka, M. and Thibado, S. and Tidball, A. and Todd, J. and Totev, T. and Triambak, S. and Tsang, R. M. and Tsang, T. and Vachon, F. and Veeraraghavan, V. and Viel, S. and Vivo-Vilches, C. and Vogel, P. and Vuilleumier, J-L and Wagenpfeil, M. and Wager, T. and Walent, M. and Wamba, K. and Wang, Q. and Wei, W. and Wen, L. J. and Wichoski, U. and Wilde, S. and Worcester, M. and Wu, S. X. and Wu, W. H. and Wu, X. and Xia, Q. and Yan, W. and Yang, H. and Yang, L. and Zeldovich, O. and Zhao, J. and Ziegler, T.},
abstractNote = {Abstract The nEXO neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay experiment is designed to use a time projection chamber and 5000 kg of isotopically enriched liquid xenon to search for the decay in 136Xe. Progress in the detector design, paired with higher fidelity in its simulation and an advanced data analysis, based on the one used for the final results of EXO-200, produce a sensitivity prediction that exceeds the half-life of 1028 years. Specifically, improvements have been made in the understanding of production of scintillation photons and charge as well as of their transport and reconstruction in the detector. The more detailed knowledge of the detector construction has been paired with more assays for trace radioactivity in different materials. In particular, the use of custom electroformed copper is now incorporated in the design, leading to a substantial reduction in backgrounds from the intrinsic radioactivity of detector materials. Furthermore, a number of assumptions from previous sensitivity projections have gained further support from interim work validating the nEXO experiment concept. Together these improvements and updates suggest that the nEXO experiment will reach a half-life sensitivity of 1.35 × 1028 yr at 90% confidence level in 10 years of data taking, covering the parameter space associated with the inverted neutrino mass ordering, along with a significant portion of the parameter space for the normal ordering scenario, for almost all nuclear matrix elements. The effects of backgrounds deviating from the nominal values used for the projections are also illustrated, concluding that the nEXO design is robust against a number of imperfections of the model.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6471/ac3631},
journal = {Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics},
number = 1,
volume = 49,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Fri Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}

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Reduction of radioactive backgrounds in electroformed copper for ultra-sensitive radiation detectors
journal, November 2014

  • Hoppe, E. W.; Aalseth, C. E.; Farmer, O. T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 764
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.082

Muon-induced background study for underground laboratories
journal, March 2006


Review of Particle Physics
journal, August 2020

  • Zyla, P. A.; Barnett, R. M.; Beringer, J.
  • Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Vol. 2020, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptaa104

NEST: a comprehensive model for scintillation yield in liquid xenon
journal, October 2011


Chiral two-body currents and neutrinoless double- β decay in the quasiparticle random-phase approximation
journal, June 2014


Measurement of the drift velocity and transverse diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with the EXO-200 detector
journal, February 2017


Shape and Pairing Fluctuation Effects on Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Nuclear Matrix Elements
journal, September 2013


Neutrinoless double beta decay and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe
journal, September 2018


Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset
journal, October 2019


VUV-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO
journal, November 2018

  • Jamil, A.; Ziegler, T.; Hufschmidt, P.
  • IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 65, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2018.2875668

Identification of radiopure titanium for the LZ dark matter experiment and future rare event searches
journal, November 2017


Measurement of the scintillation and ionization response of liquid xenon at MeV energies in the EXO-200 experiment
journal, June 2020


Solar neutrino–electron scattering as background limitation for double-beta decay
journal, August 2011


Direct method for the quantitative analysis of surface contamination on ultra-low background materials from exposure to dust
journal, April 2021

  • di Vacri, M. L.; Arnquist, I. J.; Scorza, S.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 994
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2021.165051

Neutrinoless β β nuclear matrix elements using isovector spin-dipole J π = 2 data
journal, August 2018


Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO
journal, January 2018


Criteria for projected discovery and exclusion sensitivities of counting experiments
journal, February 2021


The Large-Sample Distribution of the Likelihood Ratio for Testing Composite Hypotheses
journal, March 1938


The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2012


Mass and Double-Beta-Decay Q Value of Xe 136
journal, February 2007


Erratum to: Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics
journal, July 2013


Geant4—a simulation toolkit
journal, July 2003

  • Agostinelli, S.; Allison, J.; Amako, K.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics
journal, February 2011


Shell model predictions for Sn 124 double- β decay
journal, February 2016


The Majorana Demonstrator radioassay program
journal, August 2016

  • Abgrall, N.; Arnquist, I. J.; Avignone, F. T.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 828
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.04.070

The nylon balloon for xenon loaded liquid scintillator in KamLAND-Zen 800 neutrinoless double-beta decay search experiment
journal, August 2021


Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 137
journal, October 2007


0 ν β β and 2 ν β β nuclear matrix elements in the interacting boson model with isospin restoration
journal, March 2015


Purification of liquid xenon and impurity monitoring for a PET detector
journal, October 1994

  • Chepel, V. Y.; Lopes, M. I.; Ferreira Marques, R.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 349, Issue 2-3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(94)91217-3