Influence of metallic contaminants on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of Li-ion electrodes

Fink, Kae E.; Polzin, Bryant J.; Vaughey, John T.; Major, Joshua J.; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jeka, Gerald T.; Spangenberger, Jeffrey S.; Keyser, Matthew A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230760

Title: Influence of metallic contaminants on the electrochemical and thermal behavior of Li-ion electrodes

Journal Article · 19 November 2021 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230760 · OSTI ID:1835072

^[1]; Polzin, Bryant J. ^[2]; Vaughey, John T. ^[2];

^[1];

^[2]; Trask, Stephen E. ^[2]; Jeka, Gerald T. ^[2]; Spangenberger, Jeffrey S. ^[2];

^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Emerging nondestructive (direct) recycling techniques for lithium-ion batteries may introduce metallic impurities into recycled electrodes. In the present work, the impact of such nonionic contaminants on the practical performance of both anode and cathode materials is evaluated using a synergistic combination of electrochemical and thermal analysis. The impurities under study have been selected through evaluation of industrially shredded batteries, and include Fe0, Al0, Mg0, Cu0, and Si0. The electrochemical behavior of materials containing each individual contaminant at either the anode or the cathode is evaluated in both half-cell and full-cell format. Further, the first-cycle thermal signatures of full cells are used to validate and complement electrochemical signatures, and the two techniques are used in conjunction to suggest distinct mechanisms of electrochemical reactivity for the various impurities. At the anode, metallic contaminants are found to disrupt performance through direct reaction with Li and may serve as weak catalysts to accelerate electrolyte degradation. At the cathode, metallic contaminants show evidence of crossover during formation cycling to disrupt SEI formation. We suggest that coupled electrochemical and thermal analysis may be used to both identify the presence of contaminants and to elucidate specific mechanisms of reactivity for metallic impurities under anodic and cathodic conditions.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1835072

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1832074; OSTI ID: 1878569; OSTI ID: 1908118

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5700-80522; MainId:43724; UUID:5fe11824-a5be-43f8-9f37-936d2d36408e; MainAdminID:63303

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 518; ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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