Visualizing Assembly Dynamics of All‐Liquid 3D Architectures

Journal Article · 02 December 2021 · Small

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202105017 · OSTI ID:1834248

Gu, Pei‐Yang ^[1]; Kim, Paul Y. ^[2]; Chai, Yu ^[3]; Ashby, Paul D. ^[4]; Xu, Qing‐Feng ^[5]; Liu, Feng ^[6]; Chen, Qun ^[7]; Lu, Jian‐Mei ^[5]; Russell, Thomas P.  ^[8]

---

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 P. R. China, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China, Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
2. Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
3. Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
4. Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
5. College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
6. Department of Physics and Astronomy Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA) Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
7. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 P. R. China
8. Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China

Abstract To better exploit all‐liquid 3D architectures, it is essential to understand dynamic processes that occur during printing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. Here, the interfacial assembly and transition of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H ₆ TPPS) over time provides an opportunity to monitor the interfacial behavior of nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) during all‐liquid printing. The formation of J‐aggregates of H ₄ TPPS ²⁻ at the interface and the interfacial conversion of the J‐aggregates of H ₄ TPPS ²⁻ to H‐aggregates of H ₂ TPPS ⁴⁻ is demonstrated by interfacial rheology and in situ atomic force microscopy. Equally important are the chromogenic changes that are characteristic of the state of aggregation, where J‐aggregates are green in color and H‐aggregates are red in color. In all‐liquid 3D printed structures, the conversion in the aggregate state with time is reflected in a spatially varying change in the color, providing a simple, direct means of assessing the aggregation state of the molecules and the mechanical properties of the assemblies, linking a macroscopic observable (color) to mechanical properties.

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• OSTI ID: 1834248
• Journal Information: Small, Journal Name: Small Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 18; ISSN 1613-6810
• Publisher: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
• Country of Publication: Germany
• Language: English