Development of High Energy Density Diaminocyclopropenium‐Phenothiazine Hybrid Catholytes for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Yan, Yichao; Vogt, David B.; Vaid, Thomas P.; Sigman, Matthew S.; Sanford, Melanie S.

doi:10.1002/ange.202111939

Title: Development of High Energy Density Diaminocyclopropenium‐Phenothiazine Hybrid Catholytes for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Journal Article · 22 November 2021 · Angewandte Chemie

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202111939 · OSTI ID:1832080

^[1]; Vogt, David B. ^[2]; Vaid, Thomas P. ^[1]; Sigman, Matthew S. ^[2]; Sanford, Melanie S. ^[1]

Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA
Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA

Abstract This report describes the design of diaminocyclopropenium‐phenothiazine hybrid catholytes for non‐aqueous redox flow batteries. The molecules are synthesized in a rapid and modular fashion by appending a diaminocyclopropenium (DAC) substituent to the nitrogen of the phenothiazine. Combining a versatile C‐N coupling protocol (which provides access to diverse derivatives) with computation and structure‐property analysis enabled the identification of a catholyte that displays stable two‐electron cycling at potentials of 0.64 and 1.00 V vs. Fc/Fc ⁺ as well as high solubility in all oxidation states (≥0.45 M in TBAPF ₆ /MeCN). This catholyte was deployed in a high energy density two‐electron RFB, exhibiting >90 % capacity retention over 266 hours of flow cell cycling at >0.5 M electron concentration.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1832080

Journal Information:: Angewandte Chemie, Journal Name: Angewandte Chemie Journal Issue: 52 Vol. 133; ISSN 0044-8249

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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