Ionizing radiation from AGNs at z > 3.3 with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS)

Iwata, Ikuru; Sawicki, Marcin; Inoue, Akio K.; Akiyama, Masayuki; Micheva, Genoveva; Kawaguchi, Toshihiro; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Gwyn, Stephen; Arnouts, Stephane; Coupon, Jean; Desprez, Guillaume

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2742

Title: Ionizing radiation from AGNs at z > 3.3 with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS)

Journal Article · 25 September 2021 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2742 · OSTI ID:1831283

; Sawicki, Marcin;

;

; Kawaguchi, Toshihiro; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Gwyn, Stephen; Arnouts, Stephane; Coupon, Jean; Desprez, Guillaume

ABSTRACT We use deep and wide imaging data from the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS) and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) to constrain the ionizing radiation (Lyman Continuum, LyC) escape fraction from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ∼ 3–4. For 94 AGNs with spectroscopic redshifts at 3.3 < z < 4.0, we use their U/i-band flux ratios to estimate LyC transmission of individual AGNs. The distribution of their LyC transmission shows values lower than the range of LyC transmission values for IGM of the same redshift range, which suggests that LyC escape fraction of AGNs at z > 3.3 is considerably lower than unity in most cases. We do not find any trend in LyC transmission values depending on their UV luminosities. Based on the photometry of stacked images we find the average flux ratio of LyC and non-ionizing UV photons escaping from the objects (fLyC/fUV)out = 0.182 ± 0.043 for AGNs at 3.3 < z < 3.6, which corresponds to LyC escape fraction fesc = 0.303 ± 0.072 if we assume a fiducial intrinsic SED of AGN. Based on the estimated LyC escape fraction and the UV luminosity function (UVLF) of AGNs, we argue that UV-selected AGNs’ contribution to the LyC emissivity at the epoch is minor, although the size of their contribution largely depends on the shape of the UVLF.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1831283

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 509; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (58)

The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey final data release: a spectroscopic sample of 35 016 galaxies and AGN out to z ~ 6.7 selected with 17.5 ≤ i _AB ≤ 24.75 Le Fèvre, O.; Cassata, P.; Cucciati, O. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 559 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322179	journal	October 2013
Faint AGNs at z > 4 in the CANDELS GOODS-S field: looking for contributors to the reionization of the Universe Giallongo, E.; Grazian, A.; Fiore, F. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 578 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425334	journal	June 2015
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): The decline of cosmic star formation: quenching, mass, and environment connections⋆ Cucciati, O.; Davidzon, I.; Bolzonella, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 602 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201630113	journal	May 2017
The contribution of faint AGNs to the ionizing background at z ~ 4 Grazian, A.; Giallongo, E.; Boutsia, K. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 613 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732385	journal	May 2018
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth data release Pâris, Isabelle; Petitjean, Patrick; Aubourg, Éric Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 613 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732445	journal	May 2018
Lyman continuum escape fraction and mean free path of hydrogen ionizing photons for bright z ∼ 4 QSOs from SDSS DR14 Romano, M.; Grazian, A.; Giallongo, E. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 632 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935550	journal	November 2019
SExtractor: Software for source extraction Bertin, E.; Arnouts, S. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 117, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996164	journal	June 1996
Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Davis, Marc The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 500, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/305772	journal	June 1998
A Uniform Analysis of the Lyα Forest at z = 0–5. II. Measuring the Mean Intensity of the Extragalactic Ionizing Background Using the Proximity Effect Scott, Jennifer; Bechtold, Jill; Dobrzycki, Adam The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 130, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/317340	journal	September 2000
Composite Quasar Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Vanden Berk, Daniel E.; Richards, Gordon T.; Bauer, Amanda The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 122, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/321167	journal	August 2001
The Rest‐Frame Extreme‐Ultraviolet Spectral Properties of Quasi‐stellar Objects Telfer, Randal C.; Zheng, Wei; Kriss, Gerard A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 565, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/324689	journal	February 2002
A Composite Extreme‐Ultraviolet QSO Spectrum from FUSE Scott, Jennifer E.; Kriss, Gerard A.; Brotherton, Michael The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 615, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/422336	journal	November 2004
Keck Deep Fields. II. The Ultraviolet Galaxy Luminosity Function at z ∼ 4, 3, and 2 Sawicki, Marcin; Thompson, David The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 642, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/500999	journal	May 2006
Quasars Probing Quasars. II. The Anisotropic Clustering of Optically Thick Absorbers around Quasars Hennawi, Joseph F.; Prochaska, Jason X. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 655, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/509770	journal	February 2007
THE CANADA-FRANCE HIGH- z QUASAR SURVEY: NINE NEW QUASARS AND THE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AT REDSHIFT 6 Willott, Chris J.; Delorme, Philippe; Reylé, Céline The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 139, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/139/3/906	journal	February 2010
Measuring the Sources of the Intergalactic Ionizing flux Cowie, L. L.; Barger, A. J.; Trouille, L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 692, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1476	journal	February 2009
THE COSMOS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY. I. XMM-NEWTON COUNTERPARTS Trump, Jonathan R.; Impey, Chris D.; Elvis, Martin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 696, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1195	journal	April 2009
A Direct Measurement of the Intergalactic Medium Opacity to h i Ionizing Photons Prochaska, J. Xavier; Worseck, Gabor; O’Meara, John M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 705, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L113	journal	October 2009
THE XMM-NEWTON WIDE-FIELD SURVEY IN THE COSMOS FIELD (XMM-COSMOS): DEMOGRAPHY AND MULTIWAVELENGTH PROPERTIES OF OBSCURED AND UNOBSCURED LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Brusa, M.; Civano, F.; Comastri, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 716, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/348	journal	May 2010
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd Schlafly, Edward F.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/737/2/103	journal	August 2011
The Prism Multi-Object Survey (Primus). i. Survey Overview and Characteristics Coil, Alison L.; Blanton, Michael R.; Burles, Scott M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 741, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/8	journal	October 2011
EVOLUTION OF THE QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OVER 3 < z < 5 IN THE COSMOS SURVEY FIELD Masters, D.; Capak, P.; Salvato, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 755, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/169	journal	August 2012
The Prism Multi-Object Survey (Primus). ii. data Reduction and Redshift Fitting Cool, Richard J.; Moustakas, John; Blanton, Michael R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 767, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/118	journal	April 2013
New Constraints on Cosmic Reionization from the 2012 Hubble Ultra deep Field Campaign Robertson, Brant E.; Furlanetto, Steven R.; Schneider, Evan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 768, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/71	journal	April 2013
QUASARS PROBING QUASARS. VI. EXCESS H I ABSORPTION WITHIN ONE PROPER Mpc OF z ∼ 2 QUASARS Prochaska, J. Xavier; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Lee, Khee-Gan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 776, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/136	journal	October 2013
HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS FIRST COMPLETE CLUSTER DATA: FAINT GALAXIES AT z ∼ 5-10 FOR UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AND COSMIC REIONIZATION Ishigaki, Masafumi; Kawamata, Ryota; Ouchi, Masami The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 799, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/12	journal	January 2015
CONFIRMATION OF A STEEP LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FOR Ly α EMITTERS AT z = 5.7: A MAJOR COMPONENT OF REIONIZATION Dressler, Alan; Henry, Alaina; Martin, Crystal L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 806, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/19	journal	June 2015
The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function over the First two Billion Years Finkelstein, Steven L.; Ryan, Russell E.; Papovich, Casey The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 810, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/71	journal	September 2015
THE CHANDRA COSMOS SURVEY. III. OPTICAL AND INFRARED IDENTIFICATION OF X-RAY POINT SOURCES Civano, F.; Elvis, M.; Brusa, M. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 201, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/201/2/30	journal	August 2012
Extreme ultraviolet quasar colours from GALEX observations of the SDSS DR14Q catalogue Vanden Berk, Daniel E.; Wesolowski, Sarah C.; Yeckley, Mary J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 493, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa411	journal	February 2020
New measurements of the ionizing ultraviolet background over 2 < z < 5 and implications for hydrogen reionization Becker, George D.; Bolton, James S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1610	journal	October 2013
The hard X-ray luminosity function of high-redshift (3 < z ≲ 5) active galactic nuclei Vito, F.; Gilli, R.; Vignali, C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2004	journal	October 2014
An updated analytic model for attenuation by the intergalactic medium Inoue, Akio K.; Shimizu, Ikkoh; Iwata, Ikuru Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 442, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu936	journal	June 2014
A spectroscopic survey of X-ray-selected AGNs in the northern XMM-XXL field Menzel, M. -L.; Merloni, A.; Georgakakis, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 457, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2749	journal	January 2016
The first ultraviolet quasar-stacked spectrum at z ≃ 2.4 from WFC3 Lusso, E.; Worseck, G.; Hennawi, J. F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 449, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv516	journal	April 2015
Lyman continuum leaking AGN in the SSA22 field Micheva, Genoveva; Iwata, Ikuru; Inoue, Akio K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1329	journal	October 2016
The spectral slope and escape fraction of bright quasars at z ∼ 3.8: the contribution to the cosmic UV background Cristiani, Stefano; Serrano, Luisa Maria; Fontanot, Fabio Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1810	journal	July 2016
Searching for candidates of Lyman continuum sources – revisiting the SSA22 field Micheva, Genoveva; Iwata, Ikuru; Inoue, Akio K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2700	journal	October 2016
Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5 Kulkarni, Girish; Worseck, Gábor; Hennawi, Joseph F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1493	journal	June 2019
The CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS) Sawicki, Marcin; Arnouts, Stephane; Huang, Jiasheng Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2522	journal	September 2019
The Subaru–XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). VIII. Multi-wavelength identification, optical/NIR spectroscopic properties, and photometric redshifts of X-ray sources Akiyama, Masayuki; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Watson, Mike G. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 67, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psv050	journal	July 2015
The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and survey design Aihara, Hiroaki; Arimoto, Nobuo; Armstrong, Robert Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx066	journal	September 2017
The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline Bosch, James; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx080	journal	October 2017
The quasar luminosity function at redshift 4 with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Survey Akiyama, Masayuki; He, Wanqiu; Ikeda, Hiroyuki Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx091	journal	November 2017
Second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Aihara, Hiroaki; AlSayyad, Yusra; Ando, Makoto Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz103	journal	October 2019
A Monte Carlo simulation of the intergalactic absorption and the detectability of the Lyman continuum from distant galaxies Inoue, Akio K.; Iwata, Ikuru Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 387, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13350.x	journal	July 2008
The escape fraction of ionizing photons from galaxies at z = 0-6 Inoue, A. K.; Iwata, I.; Deharveng, J. -M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 371, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00195.x	journal	September 2006
THE CHANDRA COSMOS LEGACY SURVEY: OPTICAL/IR IDENTIFICATIONS Marchesi, S.; Civano, F.; Elvis, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 817, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/34	journal	January 2016
The DEIMOS 10K Spectroscopic Survey Catalog of the COSMOS Field Hasinger, G.; Capak, P.; Salvato, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabacf	journal	May 2018
A High Space Density of L * Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 4 in the COSMOS Field Boutsia, K.; Grazian, A.; Giallongo, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae6c7	journal	December 2018
The Keck Lyman Continuum Spectroscopic Survey (KLCS): The Emergent Ionizing Spectrum of Galaxies at z ∼ 3 Steidel, Charles C.; Bogosavljević, Milan; Shapley, Alice E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaed28	journal	December 2018
Subaru High- z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). V. Quasar Luminosity Function and Contribution to Cosmic Reionization at z = 6 Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Strauss, Michael A.; Kashikawa, Nobunari The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaee7a	journal	December 2018
The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Footprint. III. The South Galactic Cap Sample and the Quasar Luminosity Function at Cosmic Noon Schindler, Jan-Torge; Fan, Xiaohui; McGreer, Ian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf86c	journal	February 2019
Space Densities and Emissivities of Active Galactic Nuclei at z > 4 Giallongo, E.; Grazian, A.; Fiore, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab39e1	journal	October 2019
The Lyman Continuum Escape Survey. II. Ionizing Radiation as a Function of the [O iii]/[O ii] Line Ratio Nakajima, Kimihiko; Ellis, Richard S.; Robertson, Brant E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6604	journal	February 2020
The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Galaxies and AGN in the GOODS Fields Smith, Brent M.; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Cohen, Seth H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8811	journal	June 2020
On the AGN Nature of Two UV-bright Sources at z _spec ∼ 5.5 in the CANDELS Fields: An Update on the AGN Space Density at M ₁₄₅₀ ∼ −22.5 Grazian, A.; Giallongo, E.; Fiore, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab99a3	journal	July 2020
Minor Contribution of Quasars to Ionizing Photon Budget at z ∼ 6: Update on Quasar Luminosity Function at the Faint End with Subaru/Suprime-Cam Onoue, Masafusa; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Willott, Chris J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 847, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8cc6	journal	September 2017

Similar Records

Subaru narrow-band imaging search for Lyman continuum from galaxies at z > 3 in the GOODS-N field

Journal Article · 2019 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1557914

Iwata, Ikuru; Inoue, Akio K.; Micheva, Genoveva; +2 more

Outside the Lyman-break box: detecting Lyman continuum emitters at 3.5 < z < 5.1 with CLAUDS

Journal Article · 2020 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1617722

Meštrić, U.; Ryan-Weber, E. V.; Cooke, J.; +12 more

Lyman continuum leakage from low-mass galaxies with M ⋆ < 108 M⊙

Journal Article · 2021 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1772150

Izotov, Y. I.; Worseck, G.; Schaerer, D.; +5 more

Title: Ionizing radiation from AGNs at z > 3.3 with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS)

Citation Formats

References (58)

Similar Records

Related Subjects