DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Accessing Photoredox Transformations with an Iron(III) Photosensitizer and Green Light

Journal Article · · Journal of the American Chemical Society
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [6]
  1. Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium). Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST)
  2. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
  3. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen (Germany). Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE)
  4. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (Belgium)
  5. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  6. Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium). Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST); Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels (Belgium). Laboratoire de Chimie Organique; Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)

Efficient excited-state electron transfer between an iron(III) photosensitizer and organic electron donors was realized with green light irradiation. This advance was enabled by the use of the previously reported iron photosensitizer, [Fe(phtmeimb)2]+ (phtmeimb = {phenyl[tris(3-methyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene)]borate}, that exhibited long-lived and luminescent ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited states. A benchmark dehalogenation reaction was investigated with catalytic yieldsthat exceed 90% and an enhanced stability relative to the prototypical photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The initial catalytic step is electron transfer from an amine to the photoexcited iron sensitizer that is shown to occur with a large cage-escape yield. For LMCT excited states, this reductive electron transfer is vectoral and may be a general advantage of Fe(III) photosensitizers. In-depth time-resolved spectroscopic methods, that include transient absorption characterization from the ultraviolet to the infrared regions, provided a quantitative description of the catalytic mechanism with associated rate constants and yields.

Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012704; SC0021173
OSTI ID:
1830361
Report Number(s):
BNL--222408-2021-JAAM
Journal Information:
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 38 Vol. 143; ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (96)

Substituted Hantzsch Esters as Versatile Radical Reservoirs in Photoredox Reactions journal December 2017
[Cr(ddpd) 2 ] 3+ : A Molecular, Water-Soluble, Highly NIR-Emissive Ruby Analogue journal August 2015
Blue-Emissive Cobalt(III) Complexes and Their Use in the Photocatalytic Trifluoromethylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons journal June 2018
Molecular Ruby under Pressure journal July 2018
Hot Branching Dynamics in a Light‐Harvesting Iron Carbene Complex Revealed by Ultrafast X‐ray Emission Spectroscopy journal January 2020
Visible‐Light‐Induced Homolysis of Earth‐Abundant Metal‐Substrate Complexes: A Complementary Activation Strategy in Photoredox Catalysis journal June 2021
A Heteroleptic Ferrous Complex with Mesoionic Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) Ligands: Taming the MLCT Excited State of Iron(II) journal December 2014
Hantzsch Ester as a Photosensitizer for the Visible-Light-Induced Debromination of Vicinal Dibromo Compounds journal June 2016
Mechanism and Applications of the Photoredox Catalytic Coupling of Benzyl Bromides journal October 2016
Is Iron the New Ruthenium? journal February 2019
Light Runs Across Iron Catalysts in Organic Transformations journal September 2020
A Stable Homoleptic Organometallic Iron(IV) Complex journal September 2020
Photoactive Nickel Complexes in Cross‐Coupling Catalysis journal November 2020
A Roadmap Towards Visible Light Mediated Electron Transfer Chemistry with Iridium(III) Complexes journal January 2021
Viscosity and Temperature Effects on the Rate of Oxygen Quenching of Tris-(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) journal October 2012
Influence of added salts on the cage escape yields in the photoredox quenching of Ru(bpy)2+3 excited states journal April 1982
Ru(II) polypyridine complexes: photophysics, photochemistry, eletrochemistry, and chemiluminescence journal March 1988
Cage escape yields for photoinduced bimolecular electron transfer reactions of Re(I) complexes journal October 1994
Electrodeposition of the cationic radical salts of some aromatic diamines from acetonitrile solution journal January 1991
The electro-oxidation of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine in acetonitrile: journal August 2002
Photophysical and electron transfer studies of a few 2,6-dimethyl-4-(alkylphenyl)pyrylium and thiopyrylium derivatives journal September 1997
Sacrificial electron donor reagents for solar fuel production journal March 2017
Ground- and Excited-State Properties of Iron(II) Complexes Linked to Organic Chromophores journal September 2020
MLCT Excited-State Behavior of Trinuclear Ruthenium(II) 2,2′-Bipyridine Complexes journal December 2020
pH Dependence of Photoinduced Electron Transfer with [Ru(TAP) 3 ] 2+ journal November 2016
Transition-Metal-Free and Visible-Light-Mediated Desulfonylation and Dehalogenation Reactions: Hantzsch Ester Anion as Electron and Hydrogen Atom Donor journal September 2020
Site-Selective Orbital Interactions in an Ultrathin Iron-Carbene Photosensitizer Film journal February 2020
Fe II Hexa N -Heterocyclic Carbene Complex with a 528 ps Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited-State Lifetime journal January 2018
Micellar Effects on Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Aqueous Solutions Revisited: Dramatic Enhancement of Cage Escape Yields in Surfactant Ru(II) Diimine Complex/[Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2+ Systems journal August 2016
Intramolecular Aromatic C–H Acyloxylation Enabled by Iron Photocatalysis journal January 2020
Photochemical Synthesis of Carbazoles Using an [Fe(phen) 3 ](NTf 2 ) 2 /O 2 Catalyst System: Catalysis toward Sustainability journal September 2016
A General Copper Catalyst for Photoredox Transformations of Organic Halides journal June 2017
Catalyst-Free N -Deoxygenation by Photoexcitation of Hantzsch Ester journal January 2020
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Aldehydes with [Fe(bpy) 3 ]Br 2 Catalyst and Visible Light journal September 2015
Oxidation of the Tris(carbene)borate Complex PhB(MeIm) 3 Mn I (CO) 3 to Mn IV [PhB(MeIm) 3 ] 2 (OTf) 2 journal May 2007
Factors affecting cage escape yields following electron-transfer quenching journal March 1987
Cage escape yields from the quenching of excited tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(2+) by methylviologen in aqueous solution journal June 1988
Heavy-atom quenching of monomer and excimer pyrene fluorescence journal September 1989
Solution medium control of the photoredox yield in the Ru(bpy)32+/methyl viologen/EDTA system journal January 1984
Electron-transfer reactions in the Marcus inverted region. Charge recombination versus charge shift reactions journal March 1989
Photoinduced electron transfer reactions of transition-metal complexes with amines. Mechanistic studies of alternate pathways to back electron transfer journal August 1980
Electrochemical oxidation of tertiary amines. Effect of structure upon reversibility journal October 1972
Simple Cu(I) Complexes with Unprecedented Excited-State Lifetimes journal January 2002
Charge Shift and Triplet State Formation in the 9-Mesityl-10-methylacridinium Cation journal November 2005
Detection of the Short-Lived Cation Radical Intermediate in the Electrochemical Oxidation of N , N -Dimethylaniline by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy journal December 2014
Electron-Transfer Photoredox Catalysis: Development of a Tin-Free Reductive Dehalogenation Reaction journal July 2009
Fluorescence Quenching of n,π*-Excited Azoalkanes by Amines:  What Is a Sterically Hindered Amine? journal February 2000
Tracing the Full Bimolecular Photocycle of Iron(III)–Carbene Light Harvesters in Electron-Donating Solvents journal April 2020
3 d-d Excited States of Ni(II) Complexes Relevant to Photoredox Catalysis: Spectroscopic Identification and Mechanistic Implications journal March 2020
Photostable Polynuclear Ruthenium(II) Photosensitizers Competent for Dehalogenation Photoredox Catalysis at 590 nm journal March 2020
Mechanistic Origin of Photoredox Catalysis Involving Iron(II) Polypyridyl Chromophores journal September 2020
Microsecond Photoluminescence and Photoreactivity of a Metal-Centered Excited State in a Hexacarbene–Co(III) Complex journal January 2021
The Carbene Cannibal: Photoinduced Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in an Fe(III) N -Heterocyclic Carbene journal July 2021
A Luminescent Zirconium(IV) Complex as a Molecular Photosensitizer for Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis journal September 2016
Redox Active Ion-Paired Excited States Undergo Dynamic Electron Transfer journal December 2016
A Tris(diisocyanide)chromium(0) Complex Is a Luminescent Analog of Fe(2,2′-Bipyridine) 3 2+ journal January 2017
Photo-CIDNP Reveals Different Protonation Sites Depending on the Primary Step of the Photoinduced Electron-/Proton-Transfer Process with Ru(II) Polyazaaromatic Complexes journal October 2017
Evidence that Δ S Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO 2 to Molecular Acceptors journal February 2018
Ter-Ionic Complex that Forms a Bond Upon Visible Light Absorption journal May 2018
Photoactive Complexes with Earth-Abundant Metals journal September 2018
Long-Lived, Strongly Emissive, and Highly Reducing Excited States in Mo(0) Complexes with Chelating Isocyanides journal August 2019
Elucidating Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Mechanisms of Metal Hydrides with Free Energy- and Pressure-Dependent Kinetics journal October 2019
Unexpected Roles of Triethanolamine in the Photochemical Reduction of CO 2 to Formate by Ruthenium Complexes journal December 2019
Accurate Oxidation Potentials of 40 Benzene and Biphenyl Derivatives with Heteroatom Substituents journal September 2014
Solvent Viscosity and Interrelated Effects on Electrochemiluminescence Intensity of Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) journal August 2001
Photochemical Generation of Strong One-Electron Reductants via Light-Induced Electron Transfer with Reversible Donors Followed by Cross Reaction with Sacrificial Donors journal June 2014
Time-Resolved EPR Study of Photoexcited Triplet-State Formation in Electron-Donor-Substituted Acridinium Ions journal January 1996
Viscosity and Free Energy Dependence of Photochemical Charge Separation journal January 1997
A low-spin Fe(iii) complex with 100-ps ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoluminescence journal March 2017
Iron sensitizer converts light to electrons with 92% yield journal October 2015
Direct observation of nuclear reorganization driven by ultrafast spin transitions journal March 2020
Accelerating proton-coupled electron transfer of metal hydrides in catalyst model reactions journal July 2018
Iron(ii) coordination complexes with panchromatic absorption and nanosecond charge-transfer excited state lifetimes journal November 2019
Delayed fluorescence from a zirconium(iv) photosensitizer with ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excited states journal March 2020
Leveraging excited-state coherence for synthetic control of ultrafast dynamics journal June 2020
The photophysics of photoredox catalysis: a roadmap for catalyst design journal January 2016
Visible light-induced selective aerobic oxidative transposition of vinyl halides using a tetrahalogenoferrate( iii ) complex catalyst journal January 2018
Dye-sensitized electron transfer from TiO 2 to oxidized triphenylamines that follows first-order kinetics journal January 2018
Three-component aminoselenation of alkenes via visible-light enabled Fe-catalysis journal January 2020
Hantzsch esters: an emerging versatile class of reagents in photoredox catalyzed organic synthesis journal January 2019
Tuning the excited-state deactivation pathways of dinuclear ruthenium( ii ) 2,2′-bipyridine complexes through bridging ligand design journal January 2020
Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of hydride transfer from Hantzsch ester under the promotion of organic bases journal January 2021
Photoinduced electron transfer reactions of 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium: solvent effect and charge-shift type of systems journal January 1999
Photoactive mono- and polynuclear Cu(i)–phenanthrolines. A viable alternative to Ru(ii)–polypyridines? journal January 2001
The effect of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties of 4-cyano-(4′-methylthio)diphenylacetylene: A prototypic donor–acceptor system journal January 2005
Towards longer-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer states of iron(ii) complexes: an N-heterocyclic carbene approach journal January 2013
Photoreduction of benzo-1,4-quinone sensitised by metalloporphyrins journal January 1983
Viscosity dependence of geminate recombination efficiency after bimolecular charge separation journal February 2002
Electronic structure and photophysics of a supermolecular iron complex having a long MLCT-state lifetime and panchromatic absorption journal August 2020
Luminescence and reactivity of a charge-transfer excited iron complex with nanosecond lifetime journal November 2018
Electronic structure in the transition metal block and its implications for light harvesting journal January 2019
[Ru(bpy)3]2+* and other remarkable metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states journal June 2013
Light induced electron transfer reactions of metal complexes journal January 1980
Spin-orbit coupling controlled spin chemistry of Ru(bpy)32+ photooxidation: Detection of strong viscosity dependence of in-cage backward electron transfer rate journal January 1995
Design and Synthesis of Photoactive Iron N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes journal January 2020
Photophysics and Photochemistry of Iron Carbene Complexes for Solar Energy Conversion and Photocatalysis journal March 2020