NMR spectroscopy of coin cell batteries with metal casings

Walder, Brennan J.; Conradi, Mark S.; Borchardt, John J.; Merrill, Laura C.; Sorte, Eric G.; Deichmann, Eric J.; Anderson, Travis M.; Alam, Todd M.; Harrison, Katharine L.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg8298

Title: NMR spectroscopy of coin cell batteries with metal casings

Journal Article · 10 September 2021 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg8298 · OSTI ID:1828018

^[1]; Conradi, Mark S. ^[2];

^[1];

^[1]; Deichmann, Eric J. ^[1]; Anderson, Travis M. ^[1]; Alam, Todd M. ^[1];

^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
ABQMR, Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Battery cells with metal casings are commonly considered incompatible with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy because the oscillating radio-frequency magnetic fields (“rf fields”) responsible for excitation and detection of NMR active nuclei do not penetrate metals. Here, we show that rf fields can still efficiently penetrate nonmetallic layers of coin cells with metal casings provided “B₁ damming” configurations are avoided. With this understanding, we demonstrate noninvasive high-field in situ ⁷Li and ¹⁹F NMR of coin cells with metal casings using a traditional external NMR coil. This includes the first NMR measurements of an unmodified commercial off-the-shelf rechargeable battery in operando, from which we detect, resolve, and separate ⁷Li NMR signals from elemental Li, anodic β-LiAl, and cathodic Li_xMnO₂ compounds. Real-time changes of β-LiAl lithium diffusion rates and variable β-LiAl ⁷Li NMR Knight shifts are observed and tied to electrochemically driven changes of the β-LiAl defect structure.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1828018

Report Number(s):: SAND--2021-8846J; 698013

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 37 Vol. 7; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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