Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode

Schnabel, Manuel; Lin, Terri C.; Arca, Elisabetta; Yoon, Insun; Veith, Gabriel M.; He, Xin; Kostecki, Robert

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d3f

Title: Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode

Abstract

Alloying anodes such as silicon are of great interest for lithium-ion batteries due to their high lithium-ion storage capacities, but have only seen minimal commercial deployment due to their limited calendar life. This has been attributed to an intrinsically unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that is aggravated by mechanical failure. An amorphous structure can mitigate lithiation strains, and amorphous alloys, or metallic glasses, often exhibit exceptional fracture toughness. Additional elements can be added to metallic glasses to improve passivation. Splat quenching was utilized to prepare an amorphous Al₆₄Si₂₅Mn₁₁ Li-ion anode with a specific capacity >900 mAh g^-1 that remains amorphous upon cycling. On this metallic glass electrode, parasitic electrolyte reduction is found to be much reduced in comparison to pure Si or Al, and comparable to that on Cu. The SEI is much thinner, more stable, and richer in fluorinated inorganic phases than the SEI formed on Si, while organic carbonate compounds such as lithium ethylene decarbonate (LiEDC) are notably absent. This study indicates that metallic glasses can become a viable new class of Li-ion anode materials with improved surface passivity.

Authors:

; Lin, Terri C.;

;

; Kostecki, Robert

Publication Date:: Wed Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1827233

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1824716; OSTI ID: 1828264; OSTI ID: 1834583

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Volume: 168 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Schnabel, Manuel, Lin, Terri C., Arca, Elisabetta, Yoon, Insun, Veith, Gabriel M., He, Xin, and Kostecki, Robert. Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d3f.

Copy to clipboard


                    Schnabel, Manuel, Lin, Terri C., Arca, Elisabetta, Yoon, Insun, Veith, Gabriel M., He, Xin, & Kostecki, Robert. Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d3f

Copy to clipboard


                    Schnabel, Manuel, Lin, Terri C., Arca, Elisabetta, Yoon, Insun, Veith, Gabriel M., He, Xin, and Kostecki, Robert. Wed .  
"Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d3f.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1827233,

  title        = {Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode},

  author       = {Schnabel, Manuel and Lin, Terri C. and Arca, Elisabetta and Yoon, Insun and Veith, Gabriel M. and He, Xin and Kostecki, Robert},

  abstractNote = {Alloying anodes such as silicon are of great interest for lithium-ion batteries due to their high lithium-ion storage capacities, but have only seen minimal commercial deployment due to their limited calendar life. This has been attributed to an intrinsically unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that is aggravated by mechanical failure. An amorphous structure can mitigate lithiation strains, and amorphous alloys, or metallic glasses, often exhibit exceptional fracture toughness. Additional elements can be added to metallic glasses to improve passivation. Splat quenching was utilized to prepare an amorphous Al64Si25Mn11 Li-ion anode with a specific capacity >900 mAh g-1 that remains amorphous upon cycling. On this metallic glass electrode, parasitic electrolyte reduction is found to be much reduced in comparison to pure Si or Al, and comparable to that on Cu. The SEI is much thinner, more stable, and richer in fluorinated inorganic phases than the SEI formed on Si, while organic carbonate compounds such as lithium ethylene decarbonate (LiEDC) are notably absent. This study indicates that metallic glasses can become a viable new class of Li-ion anode materials with improved surface passivity.},

  doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d3f},

  journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 168,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Wed Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d3f

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

The case for bulk metallic glass
journal, March 2004

Telford, Mark
Materials Today, Vol. 7, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00124-5

Splat cooling and metastable phases
journal, November 1973

Jones, H.
Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/36/11/002

Aluminum negative electrode in lithium ion batteries
journal, July 2001

Hamon, Y.; Brousse, T.; Jousse, F.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 97-98
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00616-4

A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries
journal, September 2010

Verma, Pallavi; Maire, Pascal; Novák, Petr
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, Issue 22, p. 6332-6341
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.072

High-temperature degradation in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition Al ₂ O ₃ surface passivation layers on crystalline silicon
journal, August 2014

Kühnhold, Saskia; Saint-Cast, Pierre; Kafle, Bishal
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 116, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.4891634

Electrochemical Reactivity and Passivation of Silicon Thin-Film Electrodes in Organic Carbonate Electrolytes
journal, August 2020

Hasa, Ivana; Haregewoin, Atetegeb M.; Zhang, Liang
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 12, Issue 36
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09384

The progress on aluminum-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2020

Wang, Haidong; Tan, Hengfeng; Luo, Xinyuan
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 48
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA09762D

Enhanced Interfacial Stability of Si Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries via Surface SiO ₂ Coating
journal, August 2020

Schnabel, Manuel; Arca, Elisabetta; Ha, Yeyoung
ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01337

The Al-Si (Aluminum-Silicon) system
journal, February 1984

Murray, J. L.; McAlister, A. J.
Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, Vol. 5, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/BF02868729

An In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Reaction of Li with Crystalline Si
journal, January 2007

Li, Jing; Dahn, J. R.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1149/1.2409862

Boosting initial coulombic efficiency of Si-based anodes: a review
journal, March 2020

Zhang, Fangzhou; Yang, Jianping
Emergent Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s42247-020-00080-7

Amorphization of rapidly quenched quasicrystalline Al-transition metal alloys by the addition of Si
journal, June 1986

Dunlap, R. A.; Dini, K.
Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.1986.0415

Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface
journal, May 2020

Yin, Yanli; Arca, Elisabetta; Wang, Luning
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 12, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03799

Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells
journal, January 2007

Kasavajjula, Uday; Wang, Chunsheng; Appleby, A. John
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 163, Issue 2, p. 1003-1039
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.084

Metastable Solid Solutions in the Gallium Antimonide‐Germanium Pseudobinary System
journal, August 1960

Duwez, Pol; Willens, R. H.; Klement, W.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.1735872

Surface SiO ₂ Thickness Controls Uniform-to-Localized Transition in Lithiation of Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, May 2020

Schnabel, Manuel; Harvey, Steven P.; Arca, Elisabetta
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 12, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03158

Silicon Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) of Lithium Ion Battery Characterized by Microscopy and Spectroscopy
journal, June 2013

Nie, Mengyun; Abraham, Daniel P.; Chen, Yanjing
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1021/jp404155y

Reaction of Li with Alloy Thin Films Studied by In Situ AFM
journal, January 2003

Beaulieu, L. Y.; Hatchard, T. D.; Bonakdarpour, A.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1149/1.1613668

Thermal, magnetic, and magnetomechanical properties of Metglas 2605 S2 and S3
journal, November 1982

Kabacoff, L. T.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.330270

Combinatorial Investigations of the Si-Al-Mn System for Li-Ion Battery Applications
journal, January 2004

Fleischauer, M. D.; Dahn, J. R.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 151, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1149/1.1768544

Evaluating Si-Based Materials for Li-Ion Batteries in Commercially Relevant Negative Electrodes
journal, January 2014

Chevrier, Vincent L.; Liu, Li; Le, Dinh Ba
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1149/2.066405jes

A Critical Review on Metallic Glasses as Structural Materials for Cardiovascular Stent Applications
journal, February 2018

Jafary-Zadeh, Mehdi; Praveen Kumar, Gideon; Branicio, Paulo
Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010019

Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2017

Shen, Tong; Yao, Zhujun; Xia, Xinhui
Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700591

Consequences of air exposure on the lithiated graphite SEI
journal, August 2013

Malmgren, Sara; Ciosek, Katarzyna; Lindblad, Rebecka
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 105
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.118

Electrochemical Performance of SiAlSn Films Prepared by Combinatorial Sputtering
journal, January 2003

Hatchard, T. D.; Topple, J. M.; Fleischauer, M. D.
Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1149/1.1574231

Electrochemical performance of Al–Si–graphite composite as anode for lithium–ion batteries
journal, February 2011

Zhou, Wenchao; Upreti, Shailesh; Whittingham, M. Stanley
Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.12.001

Silicon-based materials as high capacity anodes for next generation lithium ion batteries
journal, December 2014

Liang, Bo; Liu, Yanping; Xu, Yunhua
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 267
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.096

Highly Ductile and Ultra-Thick P-Doped FeSiB Amorphous Alloys with Excellent Soft Magnetic Properties
journal, July 2018

Li, Zongzhen; Zhou, Shaoxiong; Zhang, Guangqiang
Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 7
DOI: 10.3390/ma11071148

Silicon based lithium-ion battery anodes: A chronicle perspective review
journal, January 2017

Zuo, Xiuxia; Zhu, Jin; Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
Nano Energy, Vol. 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.11.013

A new asymmetric Pseudo-Voigt function for more efficient fitting of XPS lines: New asymmetric Pseudo-Voigt function for efficient XPS line fitting
journal, June 2014

Schmid, Martin; Steinrück, Hans-Peter; Gottfried, J. Michael
Surface and Interface Analysis, Vol. 46, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1002/sia.5521

Recent advances of silicon, carbon composites and tin oxide as new anode materials for lithium-ion battery: A comprehensive review
journal, January 2021

Azam, Mohd Asyadi; Safie, Nur Ezyanie; Ahmad, Aina Syuhada
Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 33
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2020.102096

Compositional range, thermal stability, hardness and electrical resistivity of amorphous alloys in Al-Si (or Ge)-transition metal systems
journal, October 1988

Inoue, A.; Bizen, Y.; Kimura, H. M.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 23, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1007/BF00540507

Quantitative study of the reactivity of fly ash in geopolymerization by FTIR
journal, December 2012

Zhang, Zuhua; Wang, Hao; Provis, John L.
Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1080/21650373.2012.752620

Melt-spinning technique for preparation of metallic glasses
journal, December 1982

Budhani, R. C.; Goel, T. C.; Chopra, K. L.
Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol. 4, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/BF02824962

Importance of Reduction and Oxidation Stability of High Voltage Electrolytes and Additives
journal, August 2016

Delp, Samuel A.; Borodin, Oleg; Olguin, Marco
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 209
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.100

XPS on Li-Battery-Related Compounds: Analysis of Inorganic SEI Phases and a Methodology for Charge Correction
journal, August 2018

Wood, Kevin N.; Teeter, Glenn
ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00406

Challenges and Recent Progress in the Development of Si Anodes for Lithium-Ion Battery
journal, September 2017

Jin, Yan; Zhu, Bin; Lu, Zhenda
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700715

Metastable Electron Compound in Ag‐Ge Alloys
journal, June 1960

Duwez, Pol; Willens, R. H.; Klement, W.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.1735778

Continuous Series of Metastable Solid Solutions in Silver‐Copper Alloys
journal, June 1960

Duwez, Pol; Willens, R. H.; Klement, W.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.1735777

A brief overview of bulk metallic glasses
journal, September 2011

Chen, Mingwei
NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/asiamat.2011.30

Determination of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Structure Grown on a Silicon Electrode Using a Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive
journal, July 2017

Veith, Gabriel M.; Doucet, Mathieu; Sacci, Robert L.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06555-8

Structural and optical properties of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon carbide: Comparison of single layers and multilayer structures
journal, October 2015

Weiss, Charlotte; Schnabel, Manuel; Reichert, Andreas
Applied Surface Science, Vol. 351
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.05.153

Lithium insertion into silicon electrodes studied by cyclic voltammetry and operando neutron reflectometry
journal, January 2018

Jerliu, B.; Hüger, E.; Dörrer, L.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 36
DOI: 10.1039/C8CP03540G

A binder-free high silicon content flexible anode for Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2020

Wang, Hanwei; Fu, Jinzhou; Wang, Chao
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1039/C9EE02615K

Free-volume changes in the bulk metallic glass ${Zr}_{46.7} {Ti}_{8.3} {Cu}_{7.5} {Ni}_{10} {Be}_{27.5}$ and the undercooled liquid
journal, May 1998

Nagel, C.; Rätzke, K.; Schmidtke, E.
Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.10224

Evaluating the solid electrolyte interphase formed on silicon electrodes: a comparison of ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ neutron reflectometry
journal, January 2016

Fears, T. M.; Doucet, M.; Browning, J. F.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP00978F

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Self-healing SEI enables full-cell cycling of a silicon-majority anode with a coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.9%

Journal Article Jin, Yang ; Li, Sa ; Kushima, Akihiro ; ... - Energy & Environmental Science

Despite active developments, full-cell cycling of Li-battery anodes with >50 wt% Si (a Si-majority anode, SiMA) is rare. The main challenge lies in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which when formed naturally (nSEI), is fragile and cannot tolerate the large volume changes of Si during lithiation/delithiation. An artificial SEI (aSEI) with a specific set of mechanical characteristics is henceforth designed; we enclose Si within a TiO₂ shell thinner than 15 nm, which may or may not be completely hermetic at the beginning. In situ TEM experiments show that the TiO₂ shell exhibits 5× greater strength than an amorphous carbon shell.more »« less
Cited by 354
https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee02685k

Full Text Available
Electrochemical Reactivity and Passivation of Silicon Thin-Film Electrodes in Organic Carbonate Electrolytes

Journal Article Hasa, Ivana ; Haregewoin, Atetegeb M. ; Zhang, Liang ; ... - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

This work focuses on the mechanisms of interfacial processes at the surface of amorphous silicon thin-film electrodes in organic carbonate electrolytes to unveil the origins of the inherent nonpassivating behavior of silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and infrared near-field scanning optical microscopy were used to investigate the formation, evolution, and chemical composition of the surface layer formed on Si upon cycling. We found that the chemical composition and thickness of the solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer continuously change during the charging/discharging cycles. This SEI layer "breathing" effect is directly related to themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c09384

Full Text Available
Self-Assembled Framework Formed During Lithiation of SnS₂ Nanoplates Revealed by in Situ Electron Microscopy

Journal Article Yin, Kuibo ; Zhang, Minghao ; Hood, Zachary D. ; ... - Accounts of Chemical Research

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) commercially dominate portable energy storage and have been extended to hybrid/electric vehicles by utilizing electrode materials with enhanced energy density. However, the energy density and cycling life of LIBs must extend beyond the current reach of commercial electrodes to meet the performance requirements for transportation applications. Carbon-based anodes, serving as the main negative electrodes in LIBs, have an intrinsic capacity limitation due to the intercalation mechanism. Some nanostructured carbon materials offer very interesting reversible capacities and can be considered as future anode materials. However, their fabrication processes are often complicated and expensive. Theoretically, using a lithium metalmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00086

Full Text Available
Molecular dynamics simulations of the first charge of a Li-ion—Si-anode nanobattery

Journal Article Galvez-Aranda, Diego E. ; Ponce, Victor ; Seminario, Jorge M. - Journal of Molecular Modeling

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are the most popular devices for energy storage but still a lot of research needs to be done to improve their cycling and storage capacity. Silicon has been proposed as an anode material because of its large theoretical capacity of ~3600 mAh/g. Therefore, focus is needed on the lithiation process of silicon anodes where it is known that the anode increases its volume more than 300%, producing cracking and other damages. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics atomistic simulations to study the swelling, alloying, and amorphization of a silicon nanocrystal anode in a full nanobattery modelmore »« less
Cited by 21
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-017-3283-2

Full Text Available
Insights into the Li Intercalation and SEI Formation on LiSi Nanoclusters

Journal Article Hankins, Kie ; Soto, Fernando A. ; Balbuena, Perla B. - Journal of the Electrochemical Society

We report a first-principles atomic level assessment of the lithiation and reactivity of pre-lithiated Si clusters. Density functional theory formation energy calculations reveal that the pre-lithiated Li₁₆Si₁₆ cluster exposed to two different Li fluxes can store Li between the concentrations of Li_2.5Si and Li_3.5Si. This increase in storage capacity is attributed to the start of an amorphization process in the cluster, and more importantly these results show that the intercalation reaction can be controlled by the flux of the Li-ions. However, in a real battery, the lithiation of the anode occurs simultaneously to the electrode-electrolyte reactions. Here we simulate themore »« less
Cited by 9
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0311711jes

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Stable SEI Formation on Al-Si-Mn Metallic Glass Li-Ion Anode

Abstract

Citation Formats

The case for bulk metallic glass journal, March 2004

Splat cooling and metastable phases journal, November 1973

Aluminum negative electrode in lithium ion batteries journal, July 2001

A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries journal, September 2010

High-temperature degradation in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition Al 2 O 3 surface passivation layers on crystalline silicon journal, August 2014

Electrochemical Reactivity and Passivation of Silicon Thin-Film Electrodes in Organic Carbonate Electrolytes journal, August 2020

The progress on aluminum-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries journal, January 2020

Enhanced Interfacial Stability of Si Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries via Surface SiO 2 Coating journal, August 2020

The Al-Si (Aluminum-Silicon) system journal, February 1984

An In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Reaction of Li with Crystalline Si journal, January 2007

Boosting initial coulombic efficiency of Si-based anodes: a review journal, March 2020

Amorphization of rapidly quenched quasicrystalline Al-transition metal alloys by the addition of Si journal, June 1986

Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface journal, May 2020

Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells journal, January 2007

Metastable Solid Solutions in the Gallium Antimonide‐Germanium Pseudobinary System journal, August 1960

Surface SiO 2 Thickness Controls Uniform-to-Localized Transition in Lithiation of Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal, May 2020

Silicon Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) of Lithium Ion Battery Characterized by Microscopy and Spectroscopy journal, June 2013

Reaction of Li with Alloy Thin Films Studied by In Situ AFM journal, January 2003

Thermal, magnetic, and magnetomechanical properties of Metglas 2605 S2 and S3 journal, November 1982

Combinatorial Investigations of the Si-Al-Mn System for Li-Ion Battery Applications journal, January 2004

Evaluating Si-Based Materials for Li-Ion Batteries in Commercially Relevant Negative Electrodes journal, January 2014

A Critical Review on Metallic Glasses as Structural Materials for Cardiovascular Stent Applications journal, February 2018

Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal, October 2017

Consequences of air exposure on the lithiated graphite SEI journal, August 2013

Electrochemical Performance of SiAlSn Films Prepared by Combinatorial Sputtering journal, January 2003

Electrochemical performance of Al–Si–graphite composite as anode for lithium–ion batteries journal, February 2011

Silicon-based materials as high capacity anodes for next generation lithium ion batteries journal, December 2014

Highly Ductile and Ultra-Thick P-Doped FeSiB Amorphous Alloys with Excellent Soft Magnetic Properties journal, July 2018

Silicon based lithium-ion battery anodes: A chronicle perspective review journal, January 2017

A new asymmetric Pseudo-Voigt function for more efficient fitting of XPS lines: New asymmetric Pseudo-Voigt function for efficient XPS line fitting journal, June 2014

Recent advances of silicon, carbon composites and tin oxide as new anode materials for lithium-ion battery: A comprehensive review journal, January 2021

Compositional range, thermal stability, hardness and electrical resistivity of amorphous alloys in Al-Si (or Ge)-transition metal systems journal, October 1988

Quantitative study of the reactivity of fly ash in geopolymerization by FTIR journal, December 2012

Melt-spinning technique for preparation of metallic glasses journal, December 1982

Importance of Reduction and Oxidation Stability of High Voltage Electrolytes and Additives journal, August 2016

XPS on Li-Battery-Related Compounds: Analysis of Inorganic SEI Phases and a Methodology for Charge Correction journal, August 2018

Challenges and Recent Progress in the Development of Si Anodes for Lithium-Ion Battery journal, September 2017

Metastable Electron Compound in Ag‐Ge Alloys journal, June 1960

Continuous Series of Metastable Solid Solutions in Silver‐Copper Alloys journal, June 1960

A brief overview of bulk metallic glasses journal, September 2011

Determination of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Structure Grown on a Silicon Electrode Using a Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive journal, July 2017

Structural and optical properties of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon carbide: Comparison of single layers and multilayer structures journal, October 2015

Lithium insertion into silicon electrodes studied by cyclic voltammetry and operando neutron reflectometry journal, January 2018

A binder-free high silicon content flexible anode for Li-ion batteries journal, January 2020

Free-volume changes in the bulk metallic glass Zr 46.7 Ti 8.3 Cu 7.5 Ni 10 Be 27.5 and the undercooled liquid journal, May 1998

Evaluating the solid electrolyte interphase formed on silicon electrodes: a comparison of ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ neutron reflectometry journal, January 2016

The case for bulk metallic glass
journal, March 2004

Splat cooling and metastable phases
journal, November 1973

Aluminum negative electrode in lithium ion batteries
journal, July 2001

A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries
journal, September 2010

High-temperature degradation in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition Al ₂ O ₃ surface passivation layers on crystalline silicon
journal, August 2014

Electrochemical Reactivity and Passivation of Silicon Thin-Film Electrodes in Organic Carbonate Electrolytes
journal, August 2020

The progress on aluminum-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2020

Enhanced Interfacial Stability of Si Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries via Surface SiO ₂ Coating
journal, August 2020

The Al-Si (Aluminum-Silicon) system
journal, February 1984

An In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Reaction of Li with Crystalline Si
journal, January 2007

Boosting initial coulombic efficiency of Si-based anodes: a review
journal, March 2020

Amorphization of rapidly quenched quasicrystalline Al-transition metal alloys by the addition of Si
journal, June 1986

Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface
journal, May 2020

Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells
journal, January 2007

Metastable Solid Solutions in the Gallium Antimonide‐Germanium Pseudobinary System
journal, August 1960

Surface SiO ₂ Thickness Controls Uniform-to-Localized Transition in Lithiation of Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, May 2020

Silicon Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) of Lithium Ion Battery Characterized by Microscopy and Spectroscopy
journal, June 2013

Reaction of Li with Alloy Thin Films Studied by In Situ AFM
journal, January 2003

Thermal, magnetic, and magnetomechanical properties of Metglas 2605 S2 and S3
journal, November 1982

Combinatorial Investigations of the Si-Al-Mn System for Li-Ion Battery Applications
journal, January 2004

Evaluating Si-Based Materials for Li-Ion Batteries in Commercially Relevant Negative Electrodes
journal, January 2014

A Critical Review on Metallic Glasses as Structural Materials for Cardiovascular Stent Applications
journal, February 2018

Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, October 2017

Consequences of air exposure on the lithiated graphite SEI
journal, August 2013

Electrochemical Performance of SiAlSn Films Prepared by Combinatorial Sputtering
journal, January 2003

Electrochemical performance of Al–Si–graphite composite as anode for lithium–ion batteries
journal, February 2011

Silicon-based materials as high capacity anodes for next generation lithium ion batteries
journal, December 2014

Highly Ductile and Ultra-Thick P-Doped FeSiB Amorphous Alloys with Excellent Soft Magnetic Properties
journal, July 2018

Silicon based lithium-ion battery anodes: A chronicle perspective review
journal, January 2017

A new asymmetric Pseudo-Voigt function for more efficient fitting of XPS lines: New asymmetric Pseudo-Voigt function for efficient XPS line fitting
journal, June 2014

Recent advances of silicon, carbon composites and tin oxide as new anode materials for lithium-ion battery: A comprehensive review
journal, January 2021

Compositional range, thermal stability, hardness and electrical resistivity of amorphous alloys in Al-Si (or Ge)-transition metal systems
journal, October 1988

Quantitative study of the reactivity of fly ash in geopolymerization by FTIR
journal, December 2012

Melt-spinning technique for preparation of metallic glasses
journal, December 1982

Importance of Reduction and Oxidation Stability of High Voltage Electrolytes and Additives
journal, August 2016

XPS on Li-Battery-Related Compounds: Analysis of Inorganic SEI Phases and a Methodology for Charge Correction
journal, August 2018

Challenges and Recent Progress in the Development of Si Anodes for Lithium-Ion Battery
journal, September 2017

Metastable Electron Compound in Ag‐Ge Alloys
journal, June 1960

Continuous Series of Metastable Solid Solutions in Silver‐Copper Alloys
journal, June 1960

A brief overview of bulk metallic glasses
journal, September 2011

Determination of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Structure Grown on a Silicon Electrode Using a Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive
journal, July 2017

Structural and optical properties of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon carbide: Comparison of single layers and multilayer structures
journal, October 2015

Lithium insertion into silicon electrodes studied by cyclic voltammetry and operando neutron reflectometry
journal, January 2018

A binder-free high silicon content flexible anode for Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2020

Free-volume changes in the bulk metallic glass ${Zr}_{46.7} {Ti}_{8.3} {Cu}_{7.5} {Ni}_{10} {Be}_{27.5}$ and the undercooled liquid
journal, May 1998

Evaluating the solid electrolyte interphase formed on silicon electrodes: a comparison of ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ neutron reflectometry
journal, January 2016