Location-Dependent Cobalt Deposition in Smartphone Cells upon Long-Term Fast-Charging Visualized by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence

Besli, Münir M.; Usubelli, Camille; Subbaraman, Anantharaman; Pour Safaei, Farshad Ramezan; Bone, Sharon; Johnston, Christina; Schneider, Gerhard; Beauchaud, Francois; Ravi, Nikhil; Christensen, Jake; Doeff, Marca M.; Metzger, Michael; Kuppan, Saravanan

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00847

Title: Location-Dependent Cobalt Deposition in Smartphone Cells upon Long-Term Fast-Charging Visualized by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence

Journal Article · 08 August 2021 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00847 · OSTI ID:1826924

^[1]; Usubelli, Camille ^[2]; Subbaraman, Anantharaman ^[3]; Pour Safaei, Farshad Ramezan ^[3];

^[4]; Johnston, Christina ^[3]; Schneider, Gerhard ^[5]; Beauchaud, Francois ^[3]; Ravi, Nikhil ^[3]; Christensen, Jake ^[3];

^[6];

^[7];

^[3]

Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States); Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States); Univ. of Strasbourg (France)
Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States); Aalen Univ. (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada)

In this work, we investigate the transition-metal dissolution of the layered cathode material LiCoO₂ upon repeated fast-charging of three smartphone batteries from different manufacturers using synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF). Using this spatially resolved technique, dissolution of Co and subsequent location-dependent deposition on the anode are observed. μ-XRF mapping of selected parts of the anode electrode sheets, such as electrode folds and edges of the jelly roll, reveals the difference in the way Co is deposited on specific regions of the anode electrode. While some folds show no depositions, edges of the anode show gradually accumulating Co depositions. Furthermore, careful quantification of the dissolved Co reveals that the capacity loss scales with the amount of deposited Co on the anode, that is, total Co loss from within the cathode. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Co depositions on the anode shows that Co is mainly deposited in a reduced 2⁺ state. While optimization of the fast-charging protocol mitigates Li plating on the anode, no significant difference in the amount of deposited Co can be observed between an optimized and a nonoptimized fast-charging algorithm.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1826924

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 33; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Location-Dependent Cobalt Deposition in Smartphone Cells upon Long-Term Fast-Charging Visualized by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence

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