Title: Increased Disorder at Graphite Particle Edges Revealed by Multi-length Scale Characterization of Anodes from Fast-Charged Lithium-Ion Cells

Abstract

Fast charging of lithium-ion cells increases voltage polarization of the electrodes and creates conditions that are favorable for Li-deposition at the graphite anode. Repeated fast charging induces changes in the capacity-voltage profiles and increases the probability of lithium-plating on the electrode. This higher probability results from structural, morphological and chemical modifications that are revealed by multi-length scale characterization of graphite anodes extracted from discharged lithium-ion cells, previously charged at rates up to 6 C. The distinct differences between anodes with lithium-plating and as-prepared electrodes are clearly seen in analytical electron microscopy data. Scanning electrode microscopy (SEM) images show that the fast-charged anode is significantly thicker, apparently because of the electrolyte reduction/hydrolysis products that accumulate in electrode pores. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images reveal wavy graphite fringes near the particle edges. Analysis of scanning electron nanodiffraction (SEND) data reveal higher d-spacings and greater lattice rotations, indicating disorder in the graphite near the particle edges that extend about 20 nm into the bulk. The extent of this disorder is greater near larger internal pores, highlighting nanoscale heterogeneities within particles. As graphite lithiation occurs primarily through edge planes, this permanent disorder would hinder Li⁺ intercalation kinetics and favor Li⁰ plating during repeatedmore » cycling.« less

Authors:

Pidaparthy, Saran ;

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Pidaparthy, Saran"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-0783-3094"

Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F. ;

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-0833-6556"

Zuo, Jian-Min ;

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Zuo, Jian-Min"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-5151-3370"

Abraham, Daniel P.

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Abraham, Daniel P."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0003-0402-9620"

Publication Date:

Fri Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Office of Workforce Development for Teachers & Scientists (WDTS); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS)

OSTI Identifier:

1825158

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1822495; OSTI ID: 1840052

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Volume: 168 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:

The Electrochemical Society

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

25 ENERGY STORAGE; Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy; High Rate Charging; High Resolution Electron Microscopy; Scanning Electron Nanodiffraction; Solid Electrolyte Interphase; X-ray diffraction