Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos

Kolb, Edward W.; Long, Andrew J.; McDonough, Evan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.075015

Title: Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos

Abstract

We study gravitational particle production of the massive spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger field, and its close relative, the gravitino, in FRW cosmological spacetimes. For masses lighter than the value of the Hubble expansion rate after inflation, m_3/2 ≲ H, we find catastrophic gravitational particle production, wherein the number of gravitationally produced particles is divergent, caused by a transient vanishing of the helicity-1/2 gravitino sound speed. In contrast with the conventional gravitino problem, the spectrum of produced particles is dominated by those with momentum at the UV cutoff. This suggests a breakdown of effective field theory, which might be cured by new degrees of freedom that emerge in the UV. We study the UV completion of the Rarita-Schwinger field, namely N = 1, d = 4, supergravity. We reproduce known results for models with a single superfield and models with an arbitrary number of chiral superfields, find a simple geometric expression for the sound speed in the latter case, and extend this to include nilpotent constrained superfields and orthogonal constrained superfields. We find supergravity models where the catastrophe is cured and models where it persists. Insofar as quantizing the gravitino is tantamount to quantizing gravity, as is the case in any UV completionmore »« less

Authors:

;

Publication Date:: 2021-10-11

Research Org.:: Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1825114

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1821650; OSTI ID: 1821652

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-13ER41958; SC0009924

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 104 Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Kolb, Edward W., Long, Andrew J., and McDonough, Evan. Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.075015.

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                    Kolb, Edward W., Long, Andrew J., & McDonough, Evan. Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.075015

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                    Kolb, Edward W., Long, Andrew J., and McDonough, Evan. Mon .  
"Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.075015.

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@article{osti_1825114,

  title        = {Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos},

  author       = {Kolb, Edward W. and Long, Andrew J. and McDonough, Evan},

  abstractNote = {We study gravitational particle production of the massive spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger field, and its close relative, the gravitino, in FRW cosmological spacetimes. For masses lighter than the value of the Hubble expansion rate after inflation, m3/2 ≲ H, we find catastrophic gravitational particle production, wherein the number of gravitationally produced particles is divergent, caused by a transient vanishing of the helicity-1/2 gravitino sound speed. In contrast with the conventional gravitino problem, the spectrum of produced particles is dominated by those with momentum at the UV cutoff. This suggests a breakdown of effective field theory, which might be cured by new degrees of freedom that emerge in the UV. We study the UV completion of the Rarita-Schwinger field, namely N = 1, d = 4, supergravity. We reproduce known results for models with a single superfield and models with an arbitrary number of chiral superfields, find a simple geometric expression for the sound speed in the latter case, and extend this to include nilpotent constrained superfields and orthogonal constrained superfields. We find supergravity models where the catastrophe is cured and models where it persists. Insofar as quantizing the gravitino is tantamount to quantizing gravity, as is the case in any UV completion of supergravity, the models exhibiting catastrophic production are prime examples of 4-dimensional effective field theories that become inconsistent when gravity is quantized, suggesting a possible link to the Swampland program. Here, we propose the Gravitino Swampland Conjecture, which is consistent with and indeed follows from the KKLT and Large Volume scenarios for moduli stabilization in string theory.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.104.075015},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 7,

  volume       = 104,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2021},

  month        = {10}

}

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Title: Catastrophic production of slow gravitinos

Abstract

Citation Formats

Thermalization process after inflation and effective potential of scalar field journal, February 2016

KKLT without AdS journal, May 2020

Gravitational production of superheavy dark matter journal, July 2001

Nonthermal Supermassive Dark Matter journal, November 1998

On loops in inflation II: IR effects in single clock inflation journal, January 2013

Towards an explicit model of D-brane inflation journal, January 2008

Thermal and non-thermal production of gravitinos in the early universe journal, November 1999

The Swampland: Introduction and Review journal, April 2019

Cosmology with nilpotent superfields journal, October 2014

Curvature perturbations from stochastic particle production during inflation journal, June 2020

Higher spin dark matter journal, August 2021

Component action of nilpotent multiplet coupled to matter in 4 dimensional N = 1 $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ supergravity journal, October 2015

Gravitino problem in minimal supergravity inflation journal, April 2017

False vacuum inflation with Einstein gravity journal, June 1994

The cosmological bootstrap: inflationary correlators from symmetries and singularities journal, April 2020

D 3 ¯ $$ \overline{\mathrm{D}3} $$ and dS journal, May 2015

Isocurvature constraints on gravitationally produced superheavy dark matter journal, July 2005

On a Theory of Particles with Half-Integral Spin journal, July 1941

Dark matter and inflation in R + ζR 2 supergravity journal, March 2017

Improved methods for supergraphs journal, November 1979

Minimal supergravity inflation journal, March 2016

Gravitino problem in inflation driven by inflaton-polonyi Kähler coupling journal, February 2018

Cosmological gravitino regeneration and decay journal, September 1984

Gravitino production after inflation journal, April 2000

Cosmological collider signatures of massive vectors from non-Gaussian gravitational waves journal, April 2020

Coupled fields in external background with application to nonthermal production of gravitinos journal, April 2001

Gravitino production in hybrid inflationary models journal, September 2000

Landscape, the Scale of SUSY Breaking, and Inflation journal, December 2004

Constrained superfields from inflation to reheating journal, October 2017

Thermalization after/during reheating journal, May 2014

Anti-D3 branes and moduli in non-linear supergravity journal, October 2017

The cosmological bootstrap: weight-shifting operators and scalar seeds journal, December 2020

Nonperturbative dynamics of reheating after inflation: A review journal, December 2014

Essentials of k -essence journal, April 2001

Universality class in conformal inflation journal, July 2013

Non-Gaussianity as a particle detector journal, December 2016

Superconformal symmetry, supergravity and cosmology journal, October 2000

A gravitino-goldstino high-energy equivalence theorem journal, December 1988

Gravitational fermion production in inflationary cosmology journal, June 2012

Lower limit on the mass of a light gravitino from e+e− annihilation experiments journal, August 1986

Scales and hierarchies in warped compactifications and brane worlds journal, March 2003

Naturalness versus supersymmetric non-renormalization theorems journal, December 1993

Propagation and Quantization of Rarita-Schwinger Waves in an External Electromagnetic Potential journal, October 1969

Large field inflation and double α-attractors journal, August 2014

Wimpzillas! conference, January 1999

Dark matter from Starobinsky supergravity journal, April 2017

High-energy equivalence theorem in spontaneously broken supergravity journal, April 1989

Nonthermal gravitino production after large field inflation journal, November 2016

Matter-coupled de Sitter supergravity journal, May 2016

Non-thermal production of dangerous relics in the early Universe journal, August 1999

Noncausality and Other Defects of Interaction Lagrangians for Particles with Spin One and Higher journal, December 1969

Higher spin supersymmetry at the cosmological collider: sculpting SUSY rilles in the CMB journal, October 2019

The String Landscape, the Swampland, and the Missing Corner conference, September 2018

Volume modulus inflation and the gravitino mass problem journal, September 2008

From wires to cosmology journal, February 2016

General inflaton potentials in supergravity journal, February 2011

Pure de Sitter supergravity journal, October 2015

Hierarchies from fluxes in string compactifications journal, November 2002

Dynamical Solution to the Problem of a Small Cosmological Constant and Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration journal, November 2000

de Sitter supergravity model building journal, November 2015

Stochastic particle production in a de Sitter background journal, May 2019

Constrained superfields from an anti-D3-brane in KKLT journal, August 2016

The effective field theory of inflation journal, March 2008

Supersymmetry Breaking and α′-Corrections to Flux Induced Potentials journal, June 2002

Large non-Gaussianities with intermediate shapes from quasi-single-field inflation journal, March 2010

New models of chaotic inflation in supergravity journal, November 2010

Nonthermal Production of Gravitinos and Inflatinos journal, July 2001

Decoupling limits of sgoldstino modes in global and local supersymmetry journal, July 2013

The proper vibrations of the expanding universe journal, July 1939

D 3 ¯ $$ \overline{D3} $$ induced geometric inflation journal, July 2017

The Supersymmetric Effective Field Theory of Inflation journal, March 2017

String loop corrections to Kähler potentials in orientifolds journal, November 2005

Superheavy dark matter journal, November 1998

de Sitter vacua in string theory journal, August 2003

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, superheavy long-lived particles, and matter creation after inflation journal, August 1998

Systematics of Moduli Stabilisation in Calabi-Yau Flux Compactifications journal, March 2005

Dark matter production in late time reheating journal, April 2014

Thermalization process after inflation and effective potential of scalar field
journal, February 2016

KKLT without AdS
journal, May 2020

Gravitational production of superheavy dark matter
journal, July 2001

Nonthermal Supermassive Dark Matter
journal, November 1998

On loops in inflation II: IR effects in single clock inflation
journal, January 2013

Towards an explicit model of D-brane inflation
journal, January 2008

Thermal and non-thermal production of gravitinos in the early universe
journal, November 1999

The Swampland: Introduction and Review
journal, April 2019

Cosmology with nilpotent superfields
journal, October 2014

Curvature perturbations from stochastic particle production during inflation
journal, June 2020

Higher spin dark matter
journal, August 2021

Component action of nilpotent multiplet coupled to matter in 4 dimensional N = 1 $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ supergravity
journal, October 2015

Gravitino problem in minimal supergravity inflation
journal, April 2017

False vacuum inflation with Einstein gravity
journal, June 1994

The cosmological bootstrap: inflationary correlators from symmetries and singularities
journal, April 2020

D 3 ¯ $$ \overline{\mathrm{D}3} $$ and dS
journal, May 2015

Isocurvature constraints on gravitationally produced superheavy dark matter
journal, July 2005

On a Theory of Particles with Half-Integral Spin
journal, July 1941

Dark matter and inflation in R + ζR 2 supergravity
journal, March 2017

Improved methods for supergraphs
journal, November 1979

Minimal supergravity inflation
journal, March 2016

Gravitino problem in inflation driven by inflaton-polonyi Kähler coupling
journal, February 2018

Cosmological gravitino regeneration and decay
journal, September 1984

Gravitino production after inflation
journal, April 2000

Cosmological collider signatures of massive vectors from non-Gaussian gravitational waves
journal, April 2020

Coupled fields in external background with application to nonthermal production of gravitinos
journal, April 2001

Gravitino production in hybrid inflationary models
journal, September 2000

Landscape, the Scale of SUSY Breaking, and Inflation
journal, December 2004

Constrained superfields from inflation to reheating
journal, October 2017

Thermalization after/during reheating
journal, May 2014

Anti-D3 branes and moduli in non-linear supergravity
journal, October 2017

The cosmological bootstrap: weight-shifting operators and scalar seeds
journal, December 2020

Nonperturbative dynamics of reheating after inflation: A review
journal, December 2014

Essentials of k -essence
journal, April 2001

Universality class in conformal inflation
journal, July 2013

Non-Gaussianity as a particle detector
journal, December 2016

Superconformal symmetry, supergravity and cosmology
journal, October 2000

A gravitino-goldstino high-energy equivalence theorem
journal, December 1988

Gravitational fermion production in inflationary cosmology
journal, June 2012

Lower limit on the mass of a light gravitino from e+e− annihilation experiments
journal, August 1986

Scales and hierarchies in warped compactifications and brane worlds
journal, March 2003

Naturalness versus supersymmetric non-renormalization theorems
journal, December 1993

Propagation and Quantization of Rarita-Schwinger Waves in an External Electromagnetic Potential
journal, October 1969

Large field inflation and double α-attractors
journal, August 2014

Wimpzillas!
conference, January 1999

Dark matter from Starobinsky supergravity
journal, April 2017

High-energy equivalence theorem in spontaneously broken supergravity
journal, April 1989

Nonthermal gravitino production after large field inflation
journal, November 2016

Matter-coupled de Sitter supergravity
journal, May 2016

Non-thermal production of dangerous relics in the early Universe
journal, August 1999

Noncausality and Other Defects of Interaction Lagrangians for Particles with Spin One and Higher
journal, December 1969

Higher spin supersymmetry at the cosmological collider: sculpting SUSY rilles in the CMB
journal, October 2019

The String Landscape, the Swampland, and the Missing Corner
conference, September 2018

Volume modulus inflation and the gravitino mass problem
journal, September 2008

From wires to cosmology
journal, February 2016

General inflaton potentials in supergravity
journal, February 2011

Pure de Sitter supergravity
journal, October 2015

Hierarchies from fluxes in string compactifications
journal, November 2002

Dynamical Solution to the Problem of a Small Cosmological Constant and Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration
journal, November 2000

de Sitter supergravity model building
journal, November 2015

Stochastic particle production in a de Sitter background
journal, May 2019

Constrained superfields from an anti-D3-brane in KKLT
journal, August 2016

The effective field theory of inflation
journal, March 2008

Supersymmetry Breaking and α′-Corrections to Flux Induced Potentials
journal, June 2002

Large non-Gaussianities with intermediate shapes from quasi-single-field inflation
journal, March 2010

New models of chaotic inflation in supergravity
journal, November 2010

Nonthermal Production of Gravitinos and Inflatinos
journal, July 2001

Decoupling limits of sgoldstino modes in global and local supersymmetry
journal, July 2013

The proper vibrations of the expanding universe
journal, July 1939

D 3 ¯ $$ \overline{D3} $$ induced geometric inflation
journal, July 2017

The Supersymmetric Effective Field Theory of Inflation
journal, March 2017

String loop corrections to Kähler potentials in orientifolds
journal, November 2005

Superheavy dark matter
journal, November 1998

de Sitter vacua in string theory
journal, August 2003

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, superheavy long-lived particles, and matter creation after inflation
journal, August 1998

Systematics of Moduli Stabilisation in Calabi-Yau Flux Compactifications
journal, March 2005

Dark matter production in late time reheating
journal, April 2014

de Sitter Vacua with a Nilpotent Superfield
journal, October 2018

Simple sinflaton-less α-attractors
journal, March 2019

Inflation from nilpotent Kähler corrections
journal, November 2016