Find the Gap: Black Hole Population Analysis with an Astrophysically Motivated Mass Function

Baxter, Eric J.; Croon, Djuna; McDermott, Samuel D.; Sakstein, Jeremy

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac11fc

Title: Find the Gap: Black Hole Population Analysis with an Astrophysically Motivated Mass Function

Journal Article · 30 July 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac11fc · OSTI ID:1824853

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Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States). Institute for Astronomy
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada); Durham Univ. (United Kingdom). Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)

We introduce a novel black hole mass function that realistically models the physics of pair-instability supernovae with a minimal number of parameters. Applying this to all events in the LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 2 (GWTC-2), we detect a peak at M_BHMG = 46$$^{+17}_{-6}$$ M_⊙. Repeating the analysis without the black holes from the event GW190521, we find this feature at M_BHMG =54± 6 M_⊙. These results establish the edge of the anticipated "black hole mass gap" at a value compatible with the expectation from standard stellar structure theory. The mass gap manifests itself as a discontinuity in the mass function and is populated by a distinct, less-abundant population of higher-mass black holes. We find that the primary black hole population scales with power-law index -1.95 ± 0.51 (-1.97 ± 0.44) with (without) GW190521, consistent with models of star formation. Using Bayesian techniques, we establish that our mass function fits a new catalog of black hole masses approximately as well as pre-existing phenomenological mass functions. We also remark on the implications of these results for constraining or discovering new phenomena in nuclear and particle physics.

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1824853

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB--21-148-T; IPPP/20/88; arXiv:2104.02685; oai:inspirehep.net:1856364

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 916; ISSN 2041-8205

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Find the Gap: Black Hole Population Analysis with an Astrophysically Motivated Mass Function

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