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Title: Advanced Nanocarbons for Enhanced Performance and Durability of Platinum Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Abstract

Insufficient stability of current carbon supported Pt and Pt alloy catalysts is a significant barrier for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). As a primary degradation cause to trigger Pt nanoparticle migration, dissolution, and aggregation, carbon corrosion remains a significant challenge. Compared with enhancing Pt and PtM alloy particle stability, improving support stability is rather challenging due to carbon's thermodynamic instability under fuel cell operation. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to develop highly durable carbon-based supports concerning innovative nanostructure design and synthesis along with mechanistic understanding. Here, this review critically discusses recent progress in developing carbon-based materials for Pt catalysts and provides synthesis–structure–performance correlations to elucidate underlying stability enhancement mechanisms. The mechanisms and impacts of carbon support degradation on Pt catalyst performance are first discussed. The general strategies are summarized to tailor the carbon structures and strengthen the metal–support interactions, followed by discussions on how these designs lead to enhanced support stability. Based on current experimental and theoretical studies, the critical features of carbon supports are analyzed concerning their impacts on the performance and durability of Pt catalysts in fuel cells. Finally, the perspectives are shared on future directions to develop advanced carbon materials with favorable morphologies andmore » nanostructures to increase Pt utilization, strengthen metal-support interactions, facilitate mass/charge transfer, and enhance corrosion resistance.« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, NY (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1822812
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-21-22987
Journal ID: ISSN 1613-6810
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001; CBET-1604392
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Small
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 17; Journal Issue: 48; Journal ID: ISSN 1613-6810
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; Energy Sciences; Material Science; Carbon Support; Electrocatalyst; PEM Fuel Cell; Pt Catalysts; Carbon Corrosion

Citation Formats

Qiao, Zhi, Wang, Chenyu, Zeng, Yachao, Spendelow, Jacob Schatz, and Wu, Gang. Advanced Nanocarbons for Enhanced Performance and Durability of Platinum Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1002/smll.202006805.
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Qiao, Zhi, Wang, Chenyu, Zeng, Yachao, Spendelow, Jacob Schatz, & Wu, Gang. Advanced Nanocarbons for Enhanced Performance and Durability of Platinum Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202006805
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Qiao, Zhi, Wang, Chenyu, Zeng, Yachao, Spendelow, Jacob Schatz, and Wu, Gang. Tue . "Advanced Nanocarbons for Enhanced Performance and Durability of Platinum Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202006805. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1822812.
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@article{osti_1822812,
title = {Advanced Nanocarbons for Enhanced Performance and Durability of Platinum Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells},
author = {Qiao, Zhi and Wang, Chenyu and Zeng, Yachao and Spendelow, Jacob Schatz and Wu, Gang},
abstractNote = {Insufficient stability of current carbon supported Pt and Pt alloy catalysts is a significant barrier for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). As a primary degradation cause to trigger Pt nanoparticle migration, dissolution, and aggregation, carbon corrosion remains a significant challenge. Compared with enhancing Pt and PtM alloy particle stability, improving support stability is rather challenging due to carbon's thermodynamic instability under fuel cell operation. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to develop highly durable carbon-based supports concerning innovative nanostructure design and synthesis along with mechanistic understanding. Here, this review critically discusses recent progress in developing carbon-based materials for Pt catalysts and provides synthesis–structure–performance correlations to elucidate underlying stability enhancement mechanisms. The mechanisms and impacts of carbon support degradation on Pt catalyst performance are first discussed. The general strategies are summarized to tailor the carbon structures and strengthen the metal–support interactions, followed by discussions on how these designs lead to enhanced support stability. Based on current experimental and theoretical studies, the critical features of carbon supports are analyzed concerning their impacts on the performance and durability of Pt catalysts in fuel cells. Finally, the perspectives are shared on future directions to develop advanced carbon materials with favorable morphologies and nanostructures to increase Pt utilization, strengthen metal-support interactions, facilitate mass/charge transfer, and enhance corrosion resistance.},
doi = {10.1002/smll.202006805},
journal = {Small},
number = 48,
volume = 17,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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Achievements, challenges and perspectives on cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for transportation
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Performance Study of a Fuel Cell Pt‐on‐C Anode in Presence of  CO  and  CO 2, and Calculation of Adsorption Parameters for  CO  Poisoning
journal, August 1986

  • Dhar, H. P.; Christner, L. G.; Kush, A. K.
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Work Functions of Pristine and Heteroatom-Doped Graphenes under Different External Electric Fields: An ab Initio DFT Study
journal, November 2014

  • Gholizadeh, Reza; Yu, Yang-Xin
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 48
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Carbon nanocages: A new support material for Pt catalyst with remarkably high durability
journal, March 2014

  • Wang, Xiao Xia; Tan, Zhe Hua; Zeng, Min
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Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Nitrogen-Containing Carbon Nanotubes in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
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In Situ Raman Spectroscopy Study of Oxidation of Double- and Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
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Optimization of metal dispersion in doped graphitic materials for hydrogen storage
journal, August 2008

Ultrathin single crystal Pt nanowires grown on N-doped carbon nanotubes
journal, January 2009

  • Sun, Shuhui; Zhang, Gaixia; Zhong, Yu
  • Chemical Communications, Issue 45
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Effects of operating potential and temperature on degradation of electrocatalyst layer for PEFCs
journal, May 2007

Improved Charge Transfer at Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
journal, February 1999

Platinum nanoparticle immobilization onto carbon nanotubes using Pt-sputtered room-temperature ionic liquid
journal, January 2012

  • Yoshii, Kazuki; Tsuda, Tetsuya; Arimura, Takashi
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Core-shell TiO2@C: towards alternative supports as replacement for high surface area carbon for PEMFC catalysts
journal, September 2014

Nitrogen: unraveling the secret to stable carbon-supported Pt-alloy electrocatalysts
journal, January 2013

  • Pylypenko, Svitlana; Borisevich, Albina; More, Karren L.
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Graphene electrochemistry: edge vs. basal plane sites
journal, September 2018

Durability Study of Pt∕C and Pt∕CNTs Catalysts under Simulated PEM Fuel Cell Conditions
journal, January 2006

  • Shao, Yuyan; Yin, Geping; Gao, Yunzhi
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Bimetallic Carbide Nanocomposite Enhanced Pt Catalyst with High Activity and Stability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
journal, January 2012

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Nanostructured Polyaniline-Decorated Pt/C@PANI Core–Shell Catalyst with Enhanced Durability and Activity
journal, August 2012

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Ternary PtIrNi Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation
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Atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for fuel cells: advances in catalyst design, electrode performance, and durability improvement
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Heat-Treated Carbon-Blacks as Supports for Platinum Catalysts
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes based Pt electrodes prepared with in situ ion exchange method for oxygen reduction
journal, October 2006

Potential application of tungsten carbides as electrocatalysts
journal, July 2003

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Stability investigations of electrocatalysts on the nanoscale
journal, January 2012

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Spectroelectrochemical Probing of the Strong Interaction between Platinum Nanoparticles and Graphitic Domains of Carbon
journal, July 2013

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Durability investigation of carbon nanotube as catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell
journal, July 2006

Highly stable Pt and PtPd hybrid catalysts supported on a nitrogen-modified carbon composite for fuel cell application
journal, January 2010

Methanol tolerance of atomically dispersed single metal site catalysts: mechanistic understanding and high-performance direct methanol fuel cells
journal, January 2020

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  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 10
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New nitrogen-containing carbon supports with improved corrosion resistance for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
journal, April 2017

Tungsten carbide as supports for Pt electrocatalysts with improved CO tolerance in methanol oxidation
journal, August 2011

Electrocatalyst Stability In PEMFCs And The Role Of Fuel Starvation And Cell Reversal Tolerant Anodes
journal, July 2006

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Dissolution of Nafion® membrane and recast Nafion® film in mixtures of methanol and water
journal, February 2004

Strain-Enhanced Stabilization and Catalytic Activity of Metal Nanoclusters on Graphene
journal, September 2010

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Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Corrosion Behaviors of Platinized Carbon Blacks under Thermal and Electrochemical Conditions
journal, January 2010

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A highly durable fuel cell electrocatalyst based on double-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes
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The Impact of Functionalization on the Stability, Work Function, and Photoluminescence of Reduced Graphene Oxide
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Phosphorus-doped carbon nanotubes supported low Pt loading catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells
journal, December 2014

DOE Fuel Cell Program: Durability Technical Targets and Testing Protocols
conference, January 2007

  • Garland, Nancy; Benjamin, Thomas; Kopasz, John
  • 212th ECS Meeting, ECS Transactions
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High stability and activity of Pt electrocatalyst on atomic layer deposited metal oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene hybrid support
journal, September 2014

Stabilization of High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pt Electrocatalyst Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Black Composite
journal, July 2012

  • Li, Yujing; Li, Yongjia; Zhu, Enbo
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 30
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Electrochemical oxidation of a carbon black loaded polymer electrode in aqueous electrolytes
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The production of a high loading of almost monodispersed Pt nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes for methanol oxidation
journal, April 2007

The Effect of N and B Doping on Graphene and the Adsorption and Migration Behavior of Pt Atoms
journal, May 2013

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Carbon-supported platinum metal catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. Mass transport effects in liquid phase hydrogenation over Pd/C
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Pt−Ru Supported on Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
journal, July 2006

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  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 31
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Ultralow-loading platinum-cobalt fuel cell catalysts derived from imidazolate frameworks
journal, November 2018

Metal Nanoparticles and Related Materials Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Methods and Applications
journal, February 2006

  • Wildgoose, Gregory G.; Banks, Craig E.; Compton, Richard G.
  • Small, Vol. 2, Issue 2
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Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide supports for noble metal catalysts with greatly enhanced activity and stability
journal, March 2013

Analysis of electrocatalyst degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during fuel starvation
journal, May 2004

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts
journal, January 2014

  • Meier, Josef C.; Galeano, Carolina; Katsounaros, Ioannis
  • Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 5
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Progress in the synthesis of carbon nanotube- and nanofiber-supported Pt electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell catalysis
journal, March 2006

  • Lee, Kunchan; Zhang, Jiujun; Wang, Haijiang
  • Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 36, Issue 5
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Atomically dispersed Fe–N–C decorated with Pt-alloy core–shell nanoparticles for improved activity and durability towards oxygen reduction
journal, January 2020

  • Ao, Xiang; Zhang, Wei; Zhao, Bote
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 13, Issue 9
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Recent Advances in Catalyst Accelerated Stress Tests for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
journal, January 2018

  • Stariha, Sarah; Macauley, Natalia; Sneed, Brian T.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 7
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Electrocatalytic reactivity for oxygen reduction of palladium-modified carbon nanotubes synthesized in supercritical fluid
journal, March 2005

Optimization of Electrode Structure to Suppress Electrochemical Carbon Corrosion of Gas Diffusion Layer for Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell
journal, January 2014

  • Lee, Woong Hee; Kim, Hansung
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.071406jes
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