Bioenergy for climate change mitigation: Scale and sustainability

Calvin, Katherine; Cowie, Annette; Berndes, Göran; Arneth, Almut; Cherubini, Francesco; Portugal‐Pereira, Joana; Grassi, Giacomo; House, Jo; Johnson, Francis X.; Popp, Alexander; Rounsevell, Mark; Slade, Raphael; Smith, Pete

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12863

Title: Bioenergy for climate change mitigation: Scale and sustainability

Journal Article · 09 July 2021 · Global Change Biology. Bioenergy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12863 · OSTI ID:1819932

^[1];

^[2]; Berndes, Göran ^[3]; Arneth, Almut ^[4]; Cherubini, Francesco ^[5]; Portugal‐Pereira, Joana ^[6]; Grassi, Giacomo ^[7]; House, Jo ^[8];

^[9]; Popp, Alexander ^[10]; Rounsevell, Mark ^[11]; Slade, Raphael ^[12];

^[13]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Joint Global Change Research Institute
NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW (Australia); University of New England Armidale, NSW (Australia)
Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Space, Earth and Environment
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK‐IFU) Garmisch‐Partenkirchen (Germany); Department of Geo‐ecology (IFGG) Karlsruhe (Germany)
Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway). Industrial Ecology Program Department of Energy and Process Engineering
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (Brazi); Energy Planning Program Graduate School of Engineering; Imperial College London (United Kingdom). Centre for Environmental Policy
European Commission, Ispra (Italy). Joint Research Centre
University of Bristol United Kingdom). Cabot Institute Dept. of Geographical Sciences
Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm (Sweden)
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) (Germany)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany). Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK‐IFU) Garmisch‐Partenkirchen (Germany); Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Geosciences
Imperial College London (United Kingdom). Centre for Environmental Policy
Univ. of Aberdeen (United Kingdom). Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences

Many global climate change mitigation pathways presented in IPCC assessment reports rely heavily on the deployment of biomass for bioenergy, often used in conjunction with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We review the literature on bioenergy, including the modelling of bioenergy in integrated assessment models (IAMs) and bottom-up modelling and non-modelling studies on the implications of bioenergy use. We summarise the limitations of existing modelling studies and what is known about the potential co-benefits and adverse side-effects of bioenergy systems. We find that the implications of bioenergy supply on mitigation and other sustainability criteria are context dependent and influenced by feedstock, management regime, climatic region, scale of deployment and the counterfactual land use and energy system. However, due to limitations of the existing models, and uncertainty over the future context with respect to the many variables that influence availability of biomass and land resources, it is not possible to precisely quantify the sustainability implications for different scales of bioenergy implementation. Given these uncertainties, the dependence on large-scale deployment of bioenergy in mitigation scenarios carries risks. The deployment of bioenergy technologies and the evolution of biomass supply chains at a scale that achieves significant mitigation and carbon sequestration requires integrative policies, coordinated institutions and improved governance mechanisms. As a result, bioenergy, and the use of land to produce biomass, is an essential part of many climate mitigation strategies but there are limits to its use due to trade-offs with sustainability.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1819932

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-157982

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Journal Name: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 13; ISSN 1757-1693

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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On the forest cover–water yield debate: from demand‐ to supply‐side thinking Ellison, David; N. Futter, Martyn; Bishop, Kevin Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02589.x	journal	November 2011
Quantifying global greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change for crop production Flynn, Helen C.; Canals, Llorenç Milà i.; Keller, Emma Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02618.x	journal	January 2012
Policy Options for Integrated Energy and Agricultural Markets * Tyner, Wallace E.; Taheripour, Farzad Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2008.00412.x	journal	September 2008
Changes in soil organic carbon under biofuel crops Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Davis, Sarah C.; Masters, Michael D. GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2008.01001.x	journal	February 2009
The potential of Miscanthus to sequester carbon in soils: comparing field measurements in Carlow, Ireland to model predictions Dondini, Marta; Hastings, Astley; Saiz, Gustavo GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01033.x	journal	December 2009
Bioethanol production from sugarcane and emissions of greenhouse gases - known and unknowns: GHG EMISSIONS AND BIOETHANOL FROM SUGARCANE Lisboa, Carolina Cardoso; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Mauder, Matthias GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01095.x	journal	February 2011
Land-use change to bioenergy production in Europe: implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon Don, Axel; Osborne, Bruce; Hastings, Astley GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x	journal	September 2011
When the Background Matters: Using Scenarios from Integrated Assessment Models in Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Mendoza Beltran, Angelica; Cox, Brian; Mutel, Chris Journal of Industrial Ecology https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12825	journal	November 2018
Transnational legal processes, the EU and RED II: Strengthening the global governance of bioenergy Webster, Emily Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12315	journal	December 2019
Forests: Carbon sequestration, biomass energy, or both? Favero, Alice; Daigneault, Adam; Sohngen, Brent Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6792	journal	March 2020
Indirect Emissions from Biofuels: How Important? Melillo, J. M.; Reilly, J. M.; Kicklighter, D. W. Science, Vol. 326, Issue 5958 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180251	journal	October 2009
Cellulosic biofuel contributions to a sustainable energy future: Choices and outcomes Robertson, G. Philip; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Barham, Bradford L. Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6345 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2324	journal	June 2017
Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5° and 2°C climate change targets Clark, Michael A.; Domingo, Nina G. G.; Colgan, Kimberly Science, Vol. 370, Issue 6517 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba7357	journal	November 2020
Measuring Indirect Land Use Change with Biofuels: Implications for Policy Khanna, Madhu; Crago, Christine L. Annual Review of Resource Economics, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-110811-114523	journal	August 2012
On the Long-Term Hydroclimatic Sustainability of Perennial Bioenergy Crop Expansion over the United States Wang, M.; Wagner, M.; Miguez-Macho, G. Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0610.1	journal	April 2017
Indirect land use changes of biofuel production – a review of modelling efforts and policy developments in the European Union Ahlgren, Serina; Di Lucia, Lorenzo Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-35	journal	January 2014
Science-based approach for credible accounting of mitigation in managed forests Grassi, Giacomo; Pilli, Roberto; House, Jo Carbon Balance and Management, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-018-0096-2	journal	May 2018
To integrate or to segregate food crop and energy crop cultivation at the landscape scale? Perspectives on biodiversity conservation in agriculture in Europe Dauber, Jens; Miyake, Saori Energy, Sustainability and Society, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-016-0089-5	journal	September 2016
A spatial explicit scenario method to support participative regional land-use decisions regarding economic and ecological options of short rotation coppice (SRC) for renewable energy production on arable land: case study application for the Göttingen district, Germany Busch, Gerald Energy, Sustainability and Society, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-017-0105-4	journal	January 2017
Strengths and gaps of the EU frameworks for the sustainability assessment of bio-based products and bioenergy Moosmann, David; Majer, Stefan; Ugarte, Sergio Energy, Sustainability and Society, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-020-00251-8	journal	May 2020
Pest-Suppression Potential of Midwestern Landscapes under Contrasting Bioenergy Scenarios Meehan, Timothy D.; Werling, Ben P.; Landis, Douglas A. PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041728	journal	July 2012
Potential water quality changes due to corn expansion in the Upper Mississippi River Basin Secchi, Silvia; Gassman, Philip W.; Jha, Manoj Ecological Applications, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0619.1	journal	June 2011
Implications for Soil Properties of Removing Cereal Straw: Results from Long-Term Studies ¹ Powlson, David S.; Glendining, Margaret J.; Coleman, Kevin Agronomy Journal, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0146s	journal	January 2011
An Integrated Landscape Designed for Commodity and Bioenergy Crops for a Tile-Drained Agricultural Watershed Ssegane, Herbert; Negri, M. Cristina Journal of Environment Quality, Vol. 45, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.10.0518	journal	January 2016
Yield and Water Quality Impacts of Field-Scale Integration of Willow into a Continuous Corn Rotation System Zumpf, Colleen; Ssegane, Herbert; Negri, Maria Cristina Journal of Environment Quality, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.02.0082	journal	January 2017
Climate Change Impacts on Yields and Soil Carbon in Row Crop Dryland Agriculture Robertson, Andy D.; Zhang, Yao; Sherrod, Lucretia A. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.08.0309	journal	July 2018
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates by Tillage and Crop Rotation West, Tristram O.; Post, Wilfred M. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 66, Issue 6, p. 1930-1946 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.1930	journal	January 2002
Reducing Fertilizer and Avoiding Herbicides in Oil Palm Plantations—Ecological and Economic Valuations Darras, Kevin F. A.; Corre, Marife D.; Formaglio, Greta Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00065	journal	November 2019
Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy, and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuel Development Araújo, Kathleen; Mahajan, Devinder; Kerr, Ryan Agriculture, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7040032	journal	March 2017
Quantifying the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Current Status and Trends Chang, Yuan; Li, Guijun; Yao, Yuan Energies, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/en9020065	journal	January 2016
GHG Balance of Agricultural Intensification & Bioenergy Production in the Orinoquia Region, Colombia Ramírez-Contreras, Nidia Elizabeth; Munar-Florez, David; Hilst, Floor van der Land, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030289	journal	March 2021
Recent Developments in Low iLUC Policies and Certification in the EU Biobased Economy Sumfleth, Beike; Majer, Stefan; Thrän, Daniela Sustainability, Vol. 12, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198147	journal	October 2020
Effect of crop residue harvest on long-term crop yield, soil erosion and nutrient balance: trade-offs for a sustainable bioenergy feedstock Gregg, Jay S.; Izaurralde, R. César Biofuels, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4155/bfs.09.8	journal	January 2010
Indirect land use change: review of existing models and strategies for mitigation Wicke, Birka; Verweij, Pita; van Meijl, Hans Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4155/bfs.11.154	journal	January 2012
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale Li, Wei; Ciais, Philippe; Stehfest, Elke Earth System Science Data, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-789-2020	journal	January 2020
GCAM v5.1: representing the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems Calvin, Katherine; Patel, Pralit; Clarke, Leon Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-677-2019	journal	January 2019
Bioenergy Sustainability at the Regional Scale Dale, Virginia H.; Lowrance, Richard; Mulholland, Patrick Ecology and Society, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03725-150423	journal	January 2010

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