Resilience of terrestrial and aquatic fauna to historical and future wildfire regimes in western North America

Jager, Henriette I.; Long, Jonathan W.; Malison, Rachel L.; Murphy, Brendan P.; Rust, Ashley; Silva, Luiz M.; Sollmann, Rahel; Steel, Zachary L.; Bowen, Mark D.; Dunham, Jason B.; Ebersole, Joseph L.; Flitcroft, Rebecca L.

doi:10.1002/ece3.8026

Title: Resilience of terrestrial and aquatic fauna to historical and future wildfire regimes in western North America

Journal Article · 30 August 2021 · Ecology and Evolution

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8026 · OSTI ID:1819618

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Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Davis, CA (United States). Pacific Southwest Research Station
Univ. of Montana, Polson, MT (United States). Flathead Lake Biological Station
Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC (Canada)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Charles Sturt Univ., Albury, NSW (Australia); Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Thomas Gast & Associates Environmental Consultants, Arcata, CA (United States)
US Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR (United States). Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Corvallis, OR (United States). Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Pacific Ecological Systems Division
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Corvallis, OR (United States). Forest Sciences Lab.

Wildfires in many western North American forests are becoming more frequent, larger, and severe, with changed seasonal patterns. In response, coniferous forest ecosystems will transition toward dominance by fire-adapted hardwoods, shrubs, meadows, and grasslands, which may benefit some faunal communities, but not others. We describe factors that limit and promote faunal resilience to shifting wildfire regimes for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We highlight the potential value of interspersed nonforest patches to terrestrial wildlife. Similarly, we review watershed thresholds and factors that control the resilience of aquatic ecosystems to wildfire, mediated by thermal changes and chemical, debris, and sediment loadings. We present a 2-dimensional life history framework to describe temporal and spatial life history traits that species use to resist wildfire effects or to recover after wildfire disturbance at a metapopulation scale. The role of fire refuge is explored for metapopulations of species. In aquatic systems, recovery of assemblages postfire may be faster for smaller fires where unburned tributary basins or instream structures provide refuge from debris and sediment flows. We envision that more-frequent, lower-severity fires will favor opportunistic species and that less-frequent high-severity fires will favor better competitors. Along the spatial dimension, we hypothesize that fire regimes that are predictable and generate burned patches in close proximity to refuge will favor species that move to refuges and later recolonize, whereas fire regimes that tend to generate less-severely burned patches may favor species that shelter in place. Looking beyond the trees to forest fauna, we consider mitigation options to enhance resilience and buy time for species facing a no-analog future.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1819618

Journal Information:: Ecology and Evolution, Journal Name: Ecology and Evolution Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 11; ISSN 2045-7758

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Resilience of terrestrial and aquatic fauna to historical and future wildfire regimes in western North America

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