Mining for Gluon Saturation at Colliders

Journal Article · 22 August 2021 · Universe

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7080312 · OSTI ID:1814866

Morreale, Astrid ; Salazar, Farid

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons collectively called partons, the basic constituents of all nuclear matter. Its non-abelian character manifests in nature in the form of two remarkable properties: color confinement and asymptotic freedom. At high energies, perturbation theory can result in the growth and dominance of very gluon densities at small-x. If left uncontrolled, this growth can result in gluons eternally growing violating a number of mathematical bounds. The resolution to this problem lies by balancing gluon emissions by recombinating gluons at high energies: phenomena of gluon saturation. High energy nuclear and particle physics experiments have spent the past decades quantifying the structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents confirming predicted extraordinary behavior of matter at extreme density and pressure conditions. In the process they have also measured seemingly unexpected phenomena. We will give a state of the art review of the underlying theoretical and experimental tools and measurements pertinent to gluon saturation physics. We will argue for the need of high energy electron-proton/ion colliders such as the proposed EIC (USA) and LHeC (Europe) to consolidate our knowledge of QCD knowledge in the small x kinematic domains.

• Research Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: 89233218CNA000001; SC0012704
• OSTI ID: 1814866
• Report Number(s): BNL--222161-2021-JAAM; LA-UR--21-27134; PII: universe7080312
• Journal Information: Universe, Journal Name: Universe Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 7; ISSN 2218-1997; ISSN UNIVB9
• Publisher: MDPI AGCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: Switzerland
• Language: English