Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements

Li, Yaofa; Blois, Gianluca; Kazemifar, Farzan; Molla, Razin S.; Christensen, Kenneth T.

doi:10.3389/frwa.2021.710370

Title: Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements

Abstract

Resolving pore-scale transient flow dynamics is crucial to understanding the physics underlying multiphase flow in porous media and informing large-scale predictive models. Surface properties of the porous matrix play an important role in controlling such physics, yet interfacial mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part due to a lack of direct observations. This study reports on an experimental investigation of the pore-scale flow dynamics of liquid CO ₂ and water in two-dimensional (2D) circular porous micromodels with different surface characteristics employing high-speed microscopic particle image velocimetry (μPIV). The design of the micromodel minimized side boundary effects due to the limited size of the domain. The high-speed μPIV technique resolved the spatial and temporal dynamics of multiphase flow of CO ₂ and water under reservoir-relevant conditions, for both drainage and imbibition scenarios. When CO ₂ displaced water in a hydrophilic micromodel (i.e., drainage), unstable capillary fingering occurred and the pore flow was dominated by successive pore-scale burst events (i.e., Haines jumps). When the same experiment was repeated in a nearly neutral wetting micromodel (i.e., weak imbibition), flow instability and fluctuations were virtually eliminated, leading to a more compact displacement pattern. Energy balance analysis indicates that the conversion efficiency between surface energy andmore »« less

Authors:: Li, Yaofa; Blois, Gianluca; Kazemifar, Farzan; Molla, Razin S.; Christensen, Kenneth T.

Publication Date:: Mon Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1813613

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Frontiers in Water

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Frontiers in Water Journal Volume: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2624-9375

Publisher:: Frontiers Media SA

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Li, Yaofa, Blois, Gianluca, Kazemifar, Farzan, Molla, Razin S., and Christensen, Kenneth T. Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements.  Switzerland: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.3389/frwa.2021.710370.

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                    Li, Yaofa, Blois, Gianluca, Kazemifar, Farzan, Molla, Razin S., & Christensen, Kenneth T. Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements.  Switzerland.  https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.710370

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                    Li, Yaofa, Blois, Gianluca, Kazemifar, Farzan, Molla, Razin S., and Christensen, Kenneth T. Mon .  
"Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements".  Switzerland.  https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.710370.

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@article{osti_1813613,

  title        = {Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements},

  author       = {Li, Yaofa and Blois, Gianluca and Kazemifar, Farzan and Molla, Razin S. and Christensen, Kenneth T.},

  abstractNote = {Resolving pore-scale transient flow dynamics is crucial to understanding the physics underlying multiphase flow in porous media and informing large-scale predictive models. Surface properties of the porous matrix play an important role in controlling such physics, yet interfacial mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part due to a lack of direct observations. This study reports on an experimental investigation of the pore-scale flow dynamics of liquid CO 2 and water in two-dimensional (2D) circular porous micromodels with different surface characteristics employing high-speed microscopic particle image velocimetry (μPIV). The design of the micromodel minimized side boundary effects due to the limited size of the domain. The high-speed μPIV technique resolved the spatial and temporal dynamics of multiphase flow of CO 2 and water under reservoir-relevant conditions, for both drainage and imbibition scenarios. When CO 2 displaced water in a hydrophilic micromodel (i.e., drainage), unstable capillary fingering occurred and the pore flow was dominated by successive pore-scale burst events (i.e., Haines jumps). When the same experiment was repeated in a nearly neutral wetting micromodel (i.e., weak imbibition), flow instability and fluctuations were virtually eliminated, leading to a more compact displacement pattern. Energy balance analysis indicates that the conversion efficiency between surface energy and external work is less than 30%, and that kinetic energy is a disproportionately smaller contributor to the energy budget. This is true even during a Haines jump event, which induces velocities typically two orders of magnitude higher than the bulk velocity. These novel measurements further enabled direct observations of the meniscus displacement, revealing a significant alteration of the pore filling mechanisms during drainage and imbibition. While the former typically featured burst events, which often occur only at one of the several throats connecting a pore, the latter is typically dominated by a cooperative filling mechanism involving simultaneous invasion of a pore from multiple throats. This cooperative filling mechanism leads to merging of two interfaces and releases surface energy, causing instantaneous high-speed events that are similar, yet fundamentally different from, burst events. Finally, pore-scale velocity fields were statistically analyzed to provide a quantitative measure of the role of capillary effects in these pore flows.},

  doi          = {10.3389/frwa.2021.710370},

  journal      = {Frontiers in Water},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 3,

  place        = {Switzerland},

  year         = {Mon Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Mon Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Pore-Scale Dynamics of Liquid CO2–Water Displacement in 2D Axisymmetric Porous Micromodels Under Strong Drainage and Weak Imbibition Conditions: High-Speed μPIV Measurements

Abstract

Citation Formats

Comparison of residual oil cluster size distribution, morphology and saturation in oil-wet and water-wet sandstone journal, June 2012

Analysis of pore-scale nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution in etched silicon pore networks: PORE-SCALE NAPL DISSOLUTION journal, September 2003

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Liquid water visualization in PEM fuel cells: A review journal, May 2009

Inertial effects during irreversible meniscus reconfiguration in angular pores journal, December 2014

Acoustic measurements of pore-scale displacements: MEASUREMENTS OF PORE-SCALE DISPLACEMENTS journal, September 2003

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Supercritical CO 2 –Water Drainage Displacement in Porous Media: CO 2 Saturation and Displacement Mechanism journal, December 2014

Hysteresis and interfacial energies in smooth-walled microfluidic channels: HYSTERESIS AND INTERFACIAL ENERGIES journal, January 2011

Visualizing and quantifying the crossover from capillary fingering to viscous fingering in a rough fracture: CROSSOVER CAPILLARY TO VISCOUS FINGERING journal, September 2017

Non-hysteretic functional form of capillary pressure in porous media journal, October 2019

Aquifer disposal of CO2-rich greenhouse gases: Extension of the time scale of experiment for CO2-sequestering reactions by geochemical modelling journal, January 1997

Convection driven by a horizontal temperature gradient in a confined aqueous surfactant solution: the effect of noncondensables journal, January 2014

Wettability and Its Effect on Oil Recovery journal, December 1990

Impacts of Mixed‐Wettability on Brine Drainage and Supercritical CO 2 Storage Efficiency in a 2.5‐D Heterogeneous Micromodel journal, June 2020

Dynamic coupling of pore-scale and reservoir-scale models for multiphase flow: DYNAMIC COUPLING OF PORE-SCALE AND RESERVOIR-SCALE MODELS journal, September 2013

Dynamic Contact Angles at Low Velocities journal, September 1993

Energy Conversion Reveals Regime Transition of Imbibition in a Rough Fracture journal, September 2018

Subterranean containment and long-term storage of carbon dioxide in unused aquifers and in depleted natural gas reservoirs journal, May 1992

Influence of Viscous, Gravitational, and Capillary Forces on DNAPL Saturation journal, March 1997

An experimental study of buoyancy-Marangoni convection in confined and volatile binary fluids journal, November 2016

Experimental investigation of near-critical CO2 tube-flow and Joule–Thompson throttling for carbon capture and sequestration journal, February 2014

Physics and Thermodynamics of Capillary Action in Porous Media journal, June 1970

Micromodel study of two-phase flow under transient conditions: Quantifying effects of specific interfacial area journal, October 2014

Real-time 3D imaging of Haines jumps in porous media flow journal, February 2013

Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies journal, August 2004

Investigation of Rock Wettability Alteration by Carbonated Water through Contact Angle Measurements journal, August 2015

Wettability effects on supercritical CO2–brine immiscible displacement during drainage: Pore-scale observation and 3D simulation journal, May 2017

High‐Speed Quantification of Pore‐Scale Multiphase Flow of Water and Supercritical CO 2 in 2‐D Heterogeneous Porous Micromodels: Flow Regimes and Interface Dynamics journal, May 2019

Particle velocimetry analysis of immiscible two-phase flow in micromodels journal, September 2016

Direct Measurement of Static and Dynamic Contact Angles Using a Random Micromodel Considering Geological CO2 Sequestration journal, December 2017

Wettability Stabilizes Fluid Invasion into Porous Media via Nonlocal, Cooperative Pore Filling journal, October 2015

Hydrogeological and numerical analysis of CO2 disposal in deep aquifers in the Alberta sedimentary basin journal, June 1996

Experimental study of the effect of noncondensables on buoyancy-thermocapillary convection in a volatile low-viscosity silicone oil journal, December 2014

The Fluid Mechanics of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration journal, January 2014

A phase-field lattice Boltzmann model for simulating multiphase flows in porous media: Application and comparison to experiments of CO2 sequestration at pore scale journal, April 2018

Micromodel investigations of CO2 exsolution from carbonated water in sedimentary rocks journal, March 2013

Are rocks still water-wet in the presence of dense CO 2 or H 2 S? : Wettability alteration of rocks by acid gases journal, July 2012

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of immiscible fluid displacement in porous media: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous pore network journal, May 2015

The NIST Chemistry WebBook: A Chemical Data Resource on the Internet † journal, September 2001

An automated simple algorithm for realistic pore network extraction from micro-tomography images journal, November 2014

Quantifying the flow dynamics of supercritical CO2–water displacement in a 2D porous micromodel using fluorescent microscopy and microscopic PIV journal, September 2016

Influence of Viscous and Capillary Forces on Immiscible Fluid Displacement: Pore-Scale Experimental Study in a Water-Wet Micromodel Demonstrating Viscous and Capillary Fingering journal, August 2011

A microscopic particle image velocimetry method for studying the dynamics of immiscible liquid–liquid interactions in a porous micromodel journal, January 2015

A methodology for velocity field measurement in multiphase high‐pressure flow of CO 2 and water in micromodels journal, April 2015

Magnetic resonance imaging study on near miscible supercritical CO 2 flooding in porous media journal, May 2013

Characterization of immiscible fluid displacement processes with various capillary numbers and viscosity ratios in 3D natural sandstone journal, September 2016

Mesoscale and Hybrid Models of Fluid Flow and Solute Transport journal, January 2015

Subsecond pore-scale displacement processes and relaxation dynamics in multiphase flow journal, December 2014

Interfacial velocities and capillary pressure gradients during Haines jumps journal, October 2013

Stabilizing Fluid-Fluid Displacements in Porous Media Through Wettability Alteration journal, May 2015

CO 2 Exsolution from CO 2 Saturated Water: Core-Scale Experiments and Focus on Impacts of Pressure Variations journal, November 2015

Wettability control on multiphase flow in patterned microfluidics journal, August 2016

Pore-filling events in single junction micro-models with corresponding lattice Boltzmann simulations journal, July 2017

Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change journal, June 2000

Measurement and prediction of the relationship between capillary pressure, saturation, and interfacial area in a NAPL-water-glass bead system: CAPILLARY PRESSURE, SATURATION, AND IFA journal, August 2010

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid CO2 displacing water in a 2D heterogeneous micromodel at reservoir pressure conditions journal, May 2018

Nanoscale detection of metastable states in porous and granular media journal, January 2020

A particle-based image segmentation method for phase separation and interface detection in PIV images of immiscible multiphase flow journal, June 2021

Micro-PIV measurements of multiphase flow of water and liquid CO 2 in 2-D heterogeneous porous micromodels : MEASUREMENTS OF WATER/LIQUID CO journal, July 2017

Studies in the physical properties of soil. V. The hysteresis effect in capillary properties, and the modes of moisture distribution associated therewith journal, January 1930

Numerical models and experiments on immiscible displacements in porous media journal, April 1988

Liquid CO 2 Displacement of Water in a Dual-Permeability Pore Network Micromodel journal, September 2011

Capillary Pressure–Saturation Relations for Supercritical CO 2 and Brine in Limestone/Dolomite Sands: Implications for Geologic Carbon Sequestration in Carbonate Reservoirs journal, June 2015

Comparison of residual oil cluster size distribution, morphology and saturation in oil-wet and water-wet sandstone
journal, June 2012

Analysis of pore-scale nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution in etched silicon pore networks: PORE-SCALE NAPL DISSOLUTION
journal, September 2003

An Experimental Study on the Influence of Sub-Core Scale Heterogeneities on CO2 Distribution in Reservoir Rocks
journal, June 2009

CT Scan Study of Immiscible Foam Flow in Porous Media for Enhancing Oil Recovery
journal, April 2013

Liquid water visualization in PEM fuel cells: A review
journal, May 2009

Inertial effects during irreversible meniscus reconfiguration in angular pores
journal, December 2014

Acoustic measurements of pore-scale displacements: MEASUREMENTS OF PORE-SCALE DISPLACEMENTS
journal, September 2003

Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Supercritical CO ₂ –Water Drainage Displacement in Porous Media: CO ₂ Saturation and Displacement Mechanism
journal, December 2014

Hysteresis and interfacial energies in smooth-walled microfluidic channels: HYSTERESIS AND INTERFACIAL ENERGIES
journal, January 2011

Visualizing and quantifying the crossover from capillary fingering to viscous fingering in a rough fracture: CROSSOVER CAPILLARY TO VISCOUS FINGERING
journal, September 2017

Non-hysteretic functional form of capillary pressure in porous media
journal, October 2019

Aquifer disposal of CO2-rich greenhouse gases: Extension of the time scale of experiment for CO2-sequestering reactions by geochemical modelling
journal, January 1997

Convection driven by a horizontal temperature gradient in a confined aqueous surfactant solution: the effect of noncondensables
journal, January 2014

Wettability and Its Effect on Oil Recovery
journal, December 1990

Impacts of Mixed‐Wettability on Brine Drainage and Supercritical CO ₂ Storage Efficiency in a 2.5‐D Heterogeneous Micromodel
journal, June 2020

Dynamic coupling of pore-scale and reservoir-scale models for multiphase flow: DYNAMIC COUPLING OF PORE-SCALE AND RESERVOIR-SCALE MODELS
journal, September 2013

Dynamic Contact Angles at Low Velocities
journal, September 1993

Energy Conversion Reveals Regime Transition of Imbibition in a Rough Fracture
journal, September 2018

Subterranean containment and long-term storage of carbon dioxide in unused aquifers and in depleted natural gas reservoirs
journal, May 1992

Influence of Viscous, Gravitational, and Capillary Forces on DNAPL Saturation
journal, March 1997

An experimental study of buoyancy-Marangoni convection in confined and volatile binary fluids
journal, November 2016

Experimental investigation of near-critical CO2 tube-flow and Joule–Thompson throttling for carbon capture and sequestration
journal, February 2014

Physics and Thermodynamics of Capillary Action in Porous Media
journal, June 1970

Micromodel study of two-phase flow under transient conditions: Quantifying effects of specific interfacial area
journal, October 2014

Real-time 3D imaging of Haines jumps in porous media flow
journal, February 2013

Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies
journal, August 2004

Investigation of Rock Wettability Alteration by Carbonated Water through Contact Angle Measurements
journal, August 2015

Wettability effects on supercritical CO2–brine immiscible displacement during drainage: Pore-scale observation and 3D simulation
journal, May 2017

High‐Speed Quantification of Pore‐Scale Multiphase Flow of Water and Supercritical CO ₂ in 2‐D Heterogeneous Porous Micromodels: Flow Regimes and Interface Dynamics
journal, May 2019

Particle velocimetry analysis of immiscible two-phase flow in micromodels
journal, September 2016

Direct Measurement of Static and Dynamic Contact Angles Using a Random Micromodel Considering Geological CO2 Sequestration
journal, December 2017

Wettability Stabilizes Fluid Invasion into Porous Media via Nonlocal, Cooperative Pore Filling
journal, October 2015

Hydrogeological and numerical analysis of CO2 disposal in deep aquifers in the Alberta sedimentary basin
journal, June 1996

Experimental study of the effect of noncondensables on buoyancy-thermocapillary convection in a volatile low-viscosity silicone oil
journal, December 2014

The Fluid Mechanics of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
journal, January 2014

A phase-field lattice Boltzmann model for simulating multiphase flows in porous media: Application and comparison to experiments of CO2 sequestration at pore scale
journal, April 2018

Micromodel investigations of CO2 exsolution from carbonated water in sedimentary rocks
journal, March 2013

Are rocks still water-wet in the presence of dense CO ₂ or H ₂ S? : Wettability alteration of rocks by acid gases
journal, July 2012

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of immiscible fluid displacement in porous media: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous pore network
journal, May 2015

The NIST Chemistry WebBook: A Chemical Data Resource on the Internet ^†
journal, September 2001

An automated simple algorithm for realistic pore network extraction from micro-tomography images
journal, November 2014

Quantifying the flow dynamics of supercritical CO2–water displacement in a 2D porous micromodel using fluorescent microscopy and microscopic PIV
journal, September 2016

Influence of Viscous and Capillary Forces on Immiscible Fluid Displacement: Pore-Scale Experimental Study in a Water-Wet Micromodel Demonstrating Viscous and Capillary Fingering
journal, August 2011

A microscopic particle image velocimetry method for studying the dynamics of immiscible liquid–liquid interactions in a porous micromodel
journal, January 2015

A methodology for velocity field measurement in multiphase high‐pressure flow of CO ₂ and water in micromodels
journal, April 2015

Magnetic resonance imaging study on near miscible supercritical CO ₂ flooding in porous media
journal, May 2013

Characterization of immiscible fluid displacement processes with various capillary numbers and viscosity ratios in 3D natural sandstone
journal, September 2016

Mesoscale and Hybrid Models of Fluid Flow and Solute Transport
journal, January 2015

Subsecond pore-scale displacement processes and relaxation dynamics in multiphase flow
journal, December 2014

Interfacial velocities and capillary pressure gradients during Haines jumps
journal, October 2013

Stabilizing Fluid-Fluid Displacements in Porous Media Through Wettability Alteration
journal, May 2015

CO ₂ Exsolution from CO ₂ Saturated Water: Core-Scale Experiments and Focus on Impacts of Pressure Variations
journal, November 2015

Wettability control on multiphase flow in patterned microfluidics
journal, August 2016

Pore-filling events in single junction micro-models with corresponding lattice Boltzmann simulations
journal, July 2017

Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change
journal, June 2000

Measurement and prediction of the relationship between capillary pressure, saturation, and interfacial area in a NAPL-water-glass bead system: CAPILLARY PRESSURE, SATURATION, AND IFA
journal, August 2010

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid CO2 displacing water in a 2D heterogeneous micromodel at reservoir pressure conditions
journal, May 2018

Nanoscale detection of metastable states in porous and granular media
journal, January 2020

A particle-based image segmentation method for phase separation and interface detection in PIV images of immiscible multiphase flow
journal, June 2021

Micro-PIV measurements of multiphase flow of water and liquid CO ₂ in 2-D heterogeneous porous micromodels : MEASUREMENTS OF WATER/LIQUID CO
journal, July 2017

Studies in the physical properties of soil. V. The hysteresis effect in capillary properties, and the modes of moisture distribution associated therewith
journal, January 1930

Numerical models and experiments on immiscible displacements in porous media
journal, April 1988

Liquid CO ₂ Displacement of Water in a Dual-Permeability Pore Network Micromodel
journal, September 2011

Capillary Pressure–Saturation Relations for Supercritical CO ₂ and Brine in Limestone/Dolomite Sands: Implications for Geologic Carbon Sequestration in Carbonate Reservoirs
journal, June 2015