Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface

Acero, M. A.; Adamson, P.; Aliaga, L.; Anfimov, N.; Antoshkin, A.; Arrieta-Diaz, E.; Asquith, L.; Aurisano, A.; Back, A.; Backhouse, C.; Baird, M.; Balashov, N.; Baldi, P.; Bambah, B. A.; Bashar, S.; Bays, K.; Bernstein, R.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bhuyan, B.; Bian, J.; Blair, J.; Booth, A. C.; Bowles, R.; Bromberg, C.; Buchanan, N.; Butkevich, A.; Calvez, S.; Carroll, T. J.; Catano-Mur, E.; Choudhary, B. C.; Christensen, A.; Coan, T. E.; Colo, M.; Cremonesi, L.; Davies, G. S.; Derwent, P. F.; Ding, P.; Djurcic, Z.; Dolce, M.; Doyle, D.; Dueñas Tonguino, D.; Dukes, E. C.; Duyang, H.; Edayath, S.; Ehrlich, R.; Elkins, M.; Ewart, E.; Feldman, G. J.; Filip, P.; Franc, J.; Frank, M. J.; Gallagher, H. R.; Gandrajula, R.; Gao, F.; Giri, A.; Gomes, R. A.; Goodman, M. C.; Grichine, V.; Groh, M.; Group, R.; Guo, B.; Habig, A.; Hakl, F.; Hall, A.; Hartnell, J.; Hatcher, R.; Hausner, H.; Heller, K.; Hewes, J.; Himmel, A.; Holin, A.; Jargowsky, B.; Jarosz, J.; Jediny, F.; Johnson, C.; Judah, M.; Kakorin, I.; Kalra, D.; Kaplan, D. M.; Kalitkina, A.; Keloth, R.; Klimov, O.; Koerner, L. W.; Kolupaeva, L.; Kotelnikov, S.; Kralik, R.; Kullenberg, Ch.; Kubu, M.; Kumar, A.; Kuruppu, C. D.; Kus, V.; Lackey, T.; Lang, K.; Lasorak, P.; Lesmeister, J.; Lin, S.; Lister, A.; Liu, J.; Lokajicek, M.; Magill, S.; Manrique Plata, M.; Mann, W. A.; Marshak, M. L.; Martinez-Casales, M.; Matveev, V.; Mayes, B.; Messier, M. D.; Meyer, H.; Miao, T.; Miller, W. H.; Mishra, S. R.; Mislivec, A.; Mohanta, R.; Moren, A.; Morozova, A.; Mu, W.; Mualem, L.; Muether, M.; Mulder, K.; Naples, D.; Nayak, N.; Nelson, J. K.; Nichol, R.; Niner, E.; Norman, A.; Norrick, A.; Nosek, T.; Oh, H.; Olshevskiy, A.; Olson, T.; Ott, J.; Paley, J.; Patterson, R. B.; Pawloski, G.; Petrova, O.; Petti, R.; Phan, D. D.; Plunkett, R. K.; Porter, J. C. C.; Rafique, A.; Raj, V.; Rajaoalisoa, M.; Ramson, B.; Rebel, B.; Rojas, P.; Ryabov, V.; Samoylov, O.; Sanchez, M. C.; Sánchez Falero, S.; Shanahan, P.; Sheshukov, A.; Singh, P.; Singh, V.; Smith, E.; Smolik, J.; Snopok, P.; Solomey, N.; Sousa, A.; Soustruznik, K.; Strait, M.; Suter, L.; Sutton, A.; Swain, S.; Sweeney, C.; Tapia Oregui, B.; Tas, P.; Thakore, T.; Thayyullathil, R. B.; Thomas, J.; Tiras, E.; Tognini, S. C.; Tripathi, J.; Trokan-Tenorio, J.; Torun, Y.; Urheim, J.; Vahle, P.; Vallari, Z.; Vasel, J.; Vokac, P.; Vrba, T.; Wallbank, M.; Warburton, T. K.; Wetstein, M.; Whittington, D.; Wickremasinghe, D. A.; Wojcicki, S. G.; Wolcott, J.; Wu, W.; Xiao, Y.; Yallappa Dombara, A.; Yonehara, K.; Yu, S.; Yu, Y.; Zadorozhnyy, S.; Zalesak, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zwaska, R.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012014

Title: Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface

Abstract

We report the rate of cosmic ray air showers with multiplicities exceeding 15 muon tracks recorded in the NOvA Far Detector between May 2016 and May 2018. The detector is located on the surface under an overburden of 3.6 meters water equivalent. We observe a seasonal dependence in the rate of multiple-muon showers, which varies in magnitude with multiplicity and zenith angle. During this period, the effective atmospheric temperature and surface pressure ranged between 210 K and 230 K and 940 mbar and 990 mbar, respectively; the shower rates are anticorrelated with the variation in the effective temperature. The variations are about 30% larger for the highest multiplicities than the lowest multiplicities and 20% larger for showers near the horizon than vertical showers.

Authors:

Acero, M. A.; Adamson, P.; Aliaga, L.; Anfimov, N.; Antoshkin, A.; Arrieta-Diaz, E.; Asquith, L.; Aurisano, A.; Back, A.; Backhouse, C.; Baird, M.; Balashov, N.; Baldi, P.; Bambah, B. A.; Bashar, S.; Bays, K.; Bernstein, R.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bhuyan, B.; Bian, J. more »

Publication Date:: Fri Jul 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Org.:: NOvA Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1811344

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1819550; OSTI ID: 1829488

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-21-224-ND; arXiv:2105.03848
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 012014

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 104 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Cosmic rays & astroparticles; Muons; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Acero, M. A., Adamson, P., Aliaga, L., Anfimov, N., Antoshkin, A., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Asquith, L., Aurisano, A., Back, A., Backhouse, C., Baird, M., Balashov, N., Baldi, P., Bambah, B. A., Bashar, S., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Blair, J., Booth, A. C., Bowles, R., Bromberg, C., Buchanan, N., Butkevich, A., Calvez, S., Carroll, T. J., Catano-Mur, E., Choudhary, B. C., Christensen, A., Coan, T. E., Colo, M., Cremonesi, L., Davies, G. S., Derwent, P. F., Ding, P., Djurcic, Z., Dolce, M., Doyle, D., Dueñas Tonguino, D., Dukes, E. C., Duyang, H., Edayath, S., Ehrlich, R., Elkins, M., Ewart, E., Feldman, G. J., Filip, P., Franc, J., Frank, M. J., Gallagher, H. R., Gandrajula, R., Gao, F., Giri, A., Gomes, R. A., Goodman, M. C., Grichine, V., Groh, M., Group, R., Guo, B., Habig, A., Hakl, F., Hall, A., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., Hausner, H., Heller, K., Hewes, J., Himmel, A., Holin, A., Jargowsky, B., Jarosz, J., Jediny, F., Johnson, C., Judah, M., Kakorin, I., Kalra, D., Kaplan, D. M., Kalitkina, A., Keloth, R., Klimov, O., Koerner, L. W., Kolupaeva, L., Kotelnikov, S., Kralik, R., Kullenberg, Ch., Kubu, M., Kumar, A., Kuruppu, C. D., Kus, V., Lackey, T., Lang, K., Lasorak, P., Lesmeister, J., Lin, S., Lister, A., Liu, J., Lokajicek, M., Magill, S., Manrique Plata, M., Mann, W. A., Marshak, M. L., Martinez-Casales, M., Matveev, V., Mayes, B., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Morozova, A., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mulder, K., Naples, D., Nayak, N., Nelson, J. K., Nichol, R., Niner, E., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Nosek, T., Oh, H., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Ott, J., Paley, J., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Petrova, O., Petti, R., Phan, D. D., Plunkett, R. K., Porter, J. C. C., Rafique, A., Raj, V., Rajaoalisoa, M., Ramson, B., Rebel, B., Rojas, P., Ryabov, V., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Sánchez Falero, S., Shanahan, P., Sheshukov, A., Singh, P., Singh, V., Smith, E., Smolik, J., Snopok, P., Solomey, N., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Strait, M., Suter, L., Sutton, A., Swain, S., Sweeney, C., Tapia Oregui, B., Tas, P., Thakore, T., Thayyullathil, R. B., Thomas, J., Tiras, E., Tognini, S. C., Tripathi, J., Trokan-Tenorio, J., Torun, Y., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Vallari, Z., Vasel, J., Vokac, P., Vrba, T., Wallbank, M., Warburton, T. K., Wetstein, M., Whittington, D., Wickremasinghe, D. A., Wojcicki, S. G., Wolcott, J., Wu, W., Xiao, Y., Yallappa Dombara, A., Yonehara, K., Yu, S., Yu, Y., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., Zhang, Y., Zwaska, R., and NOvA Collaboration. Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012014.

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                    Acero, M. A., Adamson, P., Aliaga, L., Anfimov, N., Antoshkin, A., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Asquith, L., Aurisano, A., Back, A., Backhouse, C., Baird, M., Balashov, N., Baldi, P., Bambah, B. A., Bashar, S., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Blair, J., Booth, A. C., Bowles, R., Bromberg, C., Buchanan, N., Butkevich, A., Calvez, S., Carroll, T. J., Catano-Mur, E., Choudhary, B. C., Christensen, A., Coan, T. E., Colo, M., Cremonesi, L., Davies, G. S., Derwent, P. F., Ding, P., Djurcic, Z., Dolce, M., Doyle, D., Dueñas Tonguino, D., Dukes, E. C., Duyang, H., Edayath, S., Ehrlich, R., Elkins, M., Ewart, E., Feldman, G. J., Filip, P., Franc, J., Frank, M. J., Gallagher, H. R., Gandrajula, R., Gao, F., Giri, A., Gomes, R. A., Goodman, M. C., Grichine, V., Groh, M., Group, R., Guo, B., Habig, A., Hakl, F., Hall, A., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., Hausner, H., Heller, K., Hewes, J., Himmel, A., Holin, A., Jargowsky, B., Jarosz, J., Jediny, F., Johnson, C., Judah, M., Kakorin, I., Kalra, D., Kaplan, D. M., Kalitkina, A., Keloth, R., Klimov, O., Koerner, L. W., Kolupaeva, L., Kotelnikov, S., Kralik, R., Kullenberg, Ch., Kubu, M., Kumar, A., Kuruppu, C. D., Kus, V., Lackey, T., Lang, K., Lasorak, P., Lesmeister, J., Lin, S., Lister, A., Liu, J., Lokajicek, M., Magill, S., Manrique Plata, M., Mann, W. A., Marshak, M. L., Martinez-Casales, M., Matveev, V., Mayes, B., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Morozova, A., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mulder, K., Naples, D., Nayak, N., Nelson, J. K., Nichol, R., Niner, E., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Nosek, T., Oh, H., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Ott, J., Paley, J., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Petrova, O., Petti, R., Phan, D. D., Plunkett, R. K., Porter, J. C. C., Rafique, A., Raj, V., Rajaoalisoa, M., Ramson, B., Rebel, B., Rojas, P., Ryabov, V., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Sánchez Falero, S., Shanahan, P., Sheshukov, A., Singh, P., Singh, V., Smith, E., Smolik, J., Snopok, P., Solomey, N., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Strait, M., Suter, L., Sutton, A., Swain, S., Sweeney, C., Tapia Oregui, B., Tas, P., Thakore, T., Thayyullathil, R. B., Thomas, J., Tiras, E., Tognini, S. C., Tripathi, J., Trokan-Tenorio, J., Torun, Y., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Vallari, Z., Vasel, J., Vokac, P., Vrba, T., Wallbank, M., Warburton, T. K., Wetstein, M., Whittington, D., Wickremasinghe, D. A., Wojcicki, S. G., Wolcott, J., Wu, W., Xiao, Y., Yallappa Dombara, A., Yonehara, K., Yu, S., Yu, Y., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., Zhang, Y., Zwaska, R., & NOvA Collaboration. Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012014

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                    Acero, M. A., Adamson, P., Aliaga, L., Anfimov, N., Antoshkin, A., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Asquith, L., Aurisano, A., Back, A., Backhouse, C., Baird, M., Balashov, N., Baldi, P., Bambah, B. A., Bashar, S., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Blair, J., Booth, A. C., Bowles, R., Bromberg, C., Buchanan, N., Butkevich, A., Calvez, S., Carroll, T. J., Catano-Mur, E., Choudhary, B. C., Christensen, A., Coan, T. E., Colo, M., Cremonesi, L., Davies, G. S., Derwent, P. F., Ding, P., Djurcic, Z., Dolce, M., Doyle, D., Dueñas Tonguino, D., Dukes, E. C., Duyang, H., Edayath, S., Ehrlich, R., Elkins, M., Ewart, E., Feldman, G. J., Filip, P., Franc, J., Frank, M. J., Gallagher, H. R., Gandrajula, R., Gao, F., Giri, A., Gomes, R. A., Goodman, M. C., Grichine, V., Groh, M., Group, R., Guo, B., Habig, A., Hakl, F., Hall, A., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., Hausner, H., Heller, K., Hewes, J., Himmel, A., Holin, A., Jargowsky, B., Jarosz, J., Jediny, F., Johnson, C., Judah, M., Kakorin, I., Kalra, D., Kaplan, D. M., Kalitkina, A., Keloth, R., Klimov, O., Koerner, L. W., Kolupaeva, L., Kotelnikov, S., Kralik, R., Kullenberg, Ch., Kubu, M., Kumar, A., Kuruppu, C. D., Kus, V., Lackey, T., Lang, K., Lasorak, P., Lesmeister, J., Lin, S., Lister, A., Liu, J., Lokajicek, M., Magill, S., Manrique Plata, M., Mann, W. A., Marshak, M. L., Martinez-Casales, M., Matveev, V., Mayes, B., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Morozova, A., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mulder, K., Naples, D., Nayak, N., Nelson, J. K., Nichol, R., Niner, E., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Nosek, T., Oh, H., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Ott, J., Paley, J., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Petrova, O., Petti, R., Phan, D. D., Plunkett, R. K., Porter, J. C. C., Rafique, A., Raj, V., Rajaoalisoa, M., Ramson, B., Rebel, B., Rojas, P., Ryabov, V., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Sánchez Falero, S., Shanahan, P., Sheshukov, A., Singh, P., Singh, V., Smith, E., Smolik, J., Snopok, P., Solomey, N., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Strait, M., Suter, L., Sutton, A., Swain, S., Sweeney, C., Tapia Oregui, B., Tas, P., Thakore, T., Thayyullathil, R. B., Thomas, J., Tiras, E., Tognini, S. C., Tripathi, J., Trokan-Tenorio, J., Torun, Y., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Vallari, Z., Vasel, J., Vokac, P., Vrba, T., Wallbank, M., Warburton, T. K., Wetstein, M., Whittington, D., Wickremasinghe, D. A., Wojcicki, S. G., Wolcott, J., Wu, W., Xiao, Y., Yallappa Dombara, A., Yonehara, K., Yu, S., Yu, Y., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., Zhang, Y., Zwaska, R., and NOvA Collaboration. Fri .  
"Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012014.

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@article{osti_1811344,

  title        = {Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface},

  author       = {Acero, M. A. and Adamson, P. and Aliaga, L. and Anfimov, N. and Antoshkin, A. and Arrieta-Diaz, E. and Asquith, L. and Aurisano, A. and Back, A. and Backhouse, C. and Baird, M. and Balashov, N. and Baldi, P. and Bambah, B. A. and Bashar, S. and Bays, K. and Bernstein, R. and Bhatnagar, V. and Bhuyan, B. and Bian, J. and Blair, J. and Booth, A. C. and Bowles, R. and Bromberg, C. and Buchanan, N. and Butkevich, A. and Calvez, S. and Carroll, T. J. and Catano-Mur, E. and Choudhary, B. C. and Christensen, A. and Coan, T. E. and Colo, M. and Cremonesi, L. and Davies, G. S. and Derwent, P. F. and Ding, P. and Djurcic, Z. and Dolce, M. and Doyle, D. and Dueñas Tonguino, D. and Dukes, E. C. and Duyang, H. and Edayath, S. and Ehrlich, R. and Elkins, M. and Ewart, E. and Feldman, G. J. and Filip, P. and Franc, J. and Frank, M. J. and Gallagher, H. R. and Gandrajula, R. and Gao, F. and Giri, A. and Gomes, R. A. and Goodman, M. C. and Grichine, V. and Groh, M. and Group, R. and Guo, B. and Habig, A. and Hakl, F. and Hall, A. and Hartnell, J. and Hatcher, R. and Hausner, H. and Heller, K. and Hewes, J. and Himmel, A. and Holin, A. and Jargowsky, B. and Jarosz, J. and Jediny, F. and Johnson, C. and Judah, M. and Kakorin, I. and Kalra, D. and Kaplan, D. M. and Kalitkina, A. and Keloth, R. and Klimov, O. and Koerner, L. W. and Kolupaeva, L. and Kotelnikov, S. and Kralik, R. and Kullenberg, Ch. and Kubu, M. and Kumar, A. and Kuruppu, C. D. and Kus, V. and Lackey, T. and Lang, K. and Lasorak, P. and Lesmeister, J. and Lin, S. and Lister, A. and Liu, J. and Lokajicek, M. and Magill, S. and Manrique Plata, M. and Mann, W. A. and Marshak, M. L. and Martinez-Casales, M. and Matveev, V. and Mayes, B. and Messier, M. D. and Meyer, H. and Miao, T. and Miller, W. H. and Mishra, S. R. and Mislivec, A. and Mohanta, R. and Moren, A. and Morozova, A. and Mu, W. and Mualem, L. and Muether, M. and Mulder, K. and Naples, D. and Nayak, N. and Nelson, J. K. and Nichol, R. and Niner, E. and Norman, A. and Norrick, A. and Nosek, T. and Oh, H. and Olshevskiy, A. and Olson, T. and Ott, J. and Paley, J. and Patterson, R. B. and Pawloski, G. and Petrova, O. and Petti, R. and Phan, D. D. and Plunkett, R. K. and Porter, J. C. C. and Rafique, A. and Raj, V. and Rajaoalisoa, M. and Ramson, B. and Rebel, B. and Rojas, P. and Ryabov, V. and Samoylov, O. and Sanchez, M. C. and Sánchez Falero, S. and Shanahan, P. and Sheshukov, A. and Singh, P. and Singh, V. and Smith, E. and Smolik, J. and Snopok, P. and Solomey, N. and Sousa, A. and Soustruznik, K. and Strait, M. and Suter, L. and Sutton, A. and Swain, S. and Sweeney, C. and Tapia Oregui, B. and Tas, P. and Thakore, T. and Thayyullathil, R. B. and Thomas, J. and Tiras, E. and Tognini, S. C. and Tripathi, J. and Trokan-Tenorio, J. and Torun, Y. and Urheim, J. and Vahle, P. and Vallari, Z. and Vasel, J. and Vokac, P. and Vrba, T. and Wallbank, M. and Warburton, T. K. and Wetstein, M. and Whittington, D. and Wickremasinghe, D. A. and Wojcicki, S. G. and Wolcott, J. and Wu, W. and Xiao, Y. and Yallappa Dombara, A. and Yonehara, K. and Yu, S. and Yu, Y. and Zadorozhnyy, S. and Zalesak, J. and Zhang, Y. and Zwaska, R. and NOvA Collaboration},

  abstractNote = {We report the rate of cosmic ray air showers with multiplicities exceeding 15 muon tracks recorded in the NOvA Far Detector between May 2016 and May 2018. The detector is located on the surface under an overburden of 3.6 meters water equivalent. We observe a seasonal dependence in the rate of multiple-muon showers, which varies in magnitude with multiplicity and zenith angle. During this period, the effective atmospheric temperature and surface pressure ranged between 210 K and 230 K and 940 mbar and 990 mbar, respectively; the shower rates are anticorrelated with the variation in the effective temperature. The variations are about 30% larger for the highest multiplicities than the lowest multiplicities and 20% larger for showers near the horizon than vertical showers.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.104.012014},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 104,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jul 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Fri Jul 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the NOvA Near Detector

Journal Article Acero, M. A. ; Adamson, P. ; Aliaga, L. ; ... - Physical Review. D, Particles Fields

Using two years of data from the NOvA Near Detector at Fermilab, we report a seasonal variation of cosmic ray induced multiple-muon (N-mu >= 2) event rates which has an opposite phase to the seasonal variation in the atmospheric temperature. The strength of the seasonal multiple-muon variation is shown to increase as a function of the muon multiplicity. However, no significant dependence of the strength of the seasonal variation of the multiple-muon variation is seen as a function of the muon zenith angle, or the spatial or angular separation between the correlated muons.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.122004
Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the NOvA Near Detector

Journal Article Acero, M. A. ; Adamson, P. ; Aliaga, L. ; ... - Physical Review D

Using two years of data from the NOvA Near Detector at Fermilab, we report a seasonal variation of cosmic ray induced multiple-muon event rates which has an opposite phase to the seasonal variation in the atmospheric temperature. The strength of the seasonal multipl$ increase as a function of the muon multiplicity. However, no significant dependence of the strength of the seasonal variation of the multiple-muon variation is seen as a function of the muon zenith angle, or the spatial or angular separation between the correlated muons.
Cited by 8
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.122004

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Observation of multiple-muon seasonal variations in the NOνA Near Detector

Thesis/Dissertation

The interaction of a cosmic ray particle with an element of the atmosphere results in a cascade of particles, known as extensive air showers, which can be divided into three main branches, known as the hadronic, the electromagnetic, and the muonic component. As for the latter, since muons can reach high depths underground, they are generally used to study cosmic rays at different underground depths. The dynamics of extensive air showers is directly connected to the density of the atmosphere, as it defines the probability of particles to decay or interact. As muons are mainly produced from the decay of pions and kaons, and a warmer atmosphere results in higher number of meson decays, such particles are prone to suffer a seasonality effect that is directly correlated to the yearly seasonal variations of the atmosphere, an effect that has been verified by a large number of experiments over the past six decades. In 2015 the MINOS experiment presented an anti-correlation between the effective temperature of the atmosphere and the seasonality of the muon flux for multiplicities higher than one (i.e. more than one muon track per cosmic ray event). Said anti-correlation is not yet fully understood, counting with only a qualitative hypothesis as a probable mechanism. As such, the main goals of this study are to verify the MINOS anti-correlation effect and extend the study to verify the seasonality of the effect as a function of different variables in order to improve the understanding of the phenomenon and possible corroborations with the known hypothesis. Two full years of the NOmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1468447

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Electromagnetic Shower from Cosmic Muons in NOvA Detector

Thesis/Dissertation Yadav, Nitin

NOmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1439282

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Cosmic muon induced EM showers in NO$$\nu$$A detector

Journal Article Yadav, Nitin ; Duyang, Hongyue ; Shanahan, Peter ; ... - PoS Proceedings of Science

Here, the NuMI Off-Axis v_e Appearance (NOvA) experiment is a ne appearance neutrino oscillation experiment at Fermilab. It identifies the ne signal from the electromagnetic (EM) showers induced by the electrons in the final state of neutrino interactions. Cosmic muon induced EM showers, dominated by bremsstrahlung, are abundant in NOvA far detector. We use the Cosmic Muon- Removal technique to get pure EM shower sample from bremsstrahlung muons in data. We also use Cosmic muon decay in flight EM showers which are highly pure EM showers.The large Cosmic-EM sample can be used, as data driven method, to characterize the EMmore »« less
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Title: Seasonal variation of multiple-muon cosmic ray air showers observed in the NOvA detector on the surface

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journal, October 2019

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journal, July 2014

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journal, September 2017

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journal, January 2018

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journal, April 2013

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journal, March 2019

The atmospheric charged kaon/pion ratio using seasonal variation methods
journal, April 2010

Observation of seasonal variation of atmospheric multiple-muon events in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors
journal, June 2015

Atmospheric dependence of the stopping cosmic ray muon rate at ground level
journal, May 2013

Supernova neutrino detection in NOvA
journal, October 2020

The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
journal, April 2011

Measurement of the cosmic ray muon flux seasonal variation with the OPERA detector
journal, October 2019