A multi-step nucleation process determines the kinetics of prion-like domain phase separation

Martin, Erik W.; Harmon, Tyler S.; Hopkins, Jesse B.; Chakravarthy, Srinivas; Incicco, J. Jeremías; Schuck, Peter; Soranno, Andrea; Mittag, Tanja

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24727-z

Title: A multi-step nucleation process determines the kinetics of prion-like domain phase separation

Journal Article · 22 July 2021 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24727-z · OSTI ID:1810849

^[1]; Harmon, Tyler S. ^[2];

^[3]; Chakravarthy, Srinivas ^[3]; Incicco, J. Jeremías ^[4];

^[5];

^[4];

^[1]

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN (United States)
The Max Planck Inst. for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden (Germany)
Illinois Inst. of Technology, Chicago, IL (United States)
Washington University in St. Louis (United States)
National Inst. of Health, Bethesda, MD (United States)

Compartmentalization by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism underlying the organization of biomolecules in space and time. Here, we combine rapid-mixing time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) approaches to characterize the assembly kinetics of a prototypical prion-like domain with equilibrium techniques that characterize its phase boundaries and the size distribution of clusters prior to phase separation. We find two kinetic regimes on the micro- to millisecond timescale that are distinguished by the size distribution of clusters. At the nanoscale, small complexes are formed with low affinity. After initial unfavorable complex assembly, additional monomers are added with higher affinity. At the mesoscale, assembly resembles classical homogeneous nucleation. Careful multi-pronged characterization is required for the understanding of condensate assembly mechanisms and will promote understanding of how the kinetics of biological phase separation is encoded in biomolecules.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1810849

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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SAXS
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