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Title: New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source

Abstract

The violation of baryon number, $$\mathcal{B}$$, is an essential ingredient for the preferential creation of matter over antimatter needed to account for the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe. However, such a process has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation. The program will include high-sensitivity searches for processes that violate baryon number by one or two units: free neutron–antineutron oscillation ($$n\to \bar{n}$$) via mixing, neutron–antineutron oscillation via regeneration from a sterile neutron state ($$n\to \left[{n}^{\prime },{\bar{n}}^{\prime }\right]\to \bar{n}$$), and neutron disappearance (n → n'); the effective $${\Delta}\mathcal{B}=0$$ process of neutron regeneration ($$n\to \left[{n}^{\prime },{\bar{n}}^{\prime }\right]\to n$$) is also possible. The program can be used to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron and sterile neutron sectors. The experiment addresses topical open questions such as the origins of baryogenesis and the nature of dark matter, and is sensitive to scales of new physics substantially in excess of those available at colliders. A goal of the program is to open a discovery window to neutron conversion probabilities (sensitivities) by up to three orders of magnitude compared with previous searches. The opportunity to make such a leap in sensitivity tests should not be squandered. The experiment pulls together a diverse international team of physicists from the particle (collider and low energy) and nuclear physics communities, while also including specialists in neutronics and magnetics.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [7];  [9];  [10];  [10]; ORCiD logo [2];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [7];  [14];  [10];  [15] more »;  [5];  [16]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [12]; ORCiD logo [2];  [17];  [18];  [11];  [19];  [5];  [20];  [21];  [7];  [5];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [25]; ORCiD logo [2];  [26];  [26];  [10];  [5];  [7];  [27];  [7];  [28];  [29];  [7];  [30];  [31];  [32];  [33];  [34];  [35];  [25];  [7];  [7];  [36];  [7];  [37];  [7]; ORCiD logo [10];  [38];  [39];  [7];  [40];  [39];  [41];  [42];  [17];  [43];  [11];  [19];  [44]; ORCiD logo [2];  [11];  [11];  [32];  [7];  [5];  [45];  [46];  [47];  [29];  [9];  [5];  [48];  [7];  [49];  [7];  [50];  [16];  [51];  [18];  [10];  [11];  [6];  [7];  [19];  [52];  [53];  [54];  [55];  [56];  [17];  [7];  [57];  [10];  [58];  [7];  [59];  [17] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Sichuan Univ., Chengdu (China); Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. MAX IV Lab., Lund (Sweden)
  4. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK (United States)
  5. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  6. Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
  7. European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund (Sweden)
  8. Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy); Universita di L’Aquila, AQ (Italy)
  9. Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy)
  10. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
  11. Lund Univ. (Sweden)
  12. Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
  13. Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
  14. ITEP, Moscow (Russian Federation); Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso (Chile)
  15. Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany)
  16. Kurchatov Inst., Gatchina (Russia)
  17. Inst. Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (France)
  18. State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY (United States)
  19. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia)
  20. Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom)
  21. Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)
  22. SISSA/INFN, Trieste (Italy)
  23. Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville, TN (United States)
  24. High Energy Accelerator Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan)
  25. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  26. Uppsala Univ. (Sweden)
  27. Boston Univ., MA (United States)
  28. Kurchatov Inst., Moscow (Russia); Lebedev Physical Inst., Moscow (Russia); Moscow Inst. of Physics and Technology, Moscow (Russia)
  29. Nagoya Univ. (Japan)
  30. Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)
  31. Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia)
  32. Univ. of Houston, TX (United States)
  33. Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso (Chile)
  34. Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland)
  35. Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom)
  36. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  37. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden); Lund Univ. (Sweden)
  38. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  39. Moscow Inst. of Physics and Technology, Moscow (Russia)
  40. National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
  41. Univ. Federal Fluminense, Rio das Ostras (Brazil)
  42. Università di L'Aquila, Coppito (Italy)
  43. Institutionen för Fysik, Högskola (Sweden)
  44. East Tennessee State Univ. (ETSU), Johnson CIty, TN (United States)
  45. Univ. of Lyon, Villeurbanne (France)
  46. Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz (Germany)
  47. RIKEN, Saitama (Japan); Arithmer Inc., Tokyo (Japan)
  48. Kennesaw State Univ., GA (United States)
  49. Indian Inst. of Technology, Kharagpur (India)
  50. International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy); Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ., Munchen (Germany)
  51. Moscow Inst. of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow (Russian Federation)
  52. Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Moscow (Russia)
  53. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland)
  54. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
  55. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  56. Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  57. Inst. of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako (Japan)
  58. North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
  59. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
OSTI Identifier:
1808566
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1637639; OSTI ID: 1831640
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-20-266-SCD; arXiv:2006.04907
Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899; TRN: US2212908
Grant/Contract Number:  
DGE-1746045; NSF-PHY-1915093; PHY-1914133; PHY-1914631; 2019-04475; 16-12-10414; FONDECYT 1170319; PIA/APOYO AFB180002; AC05-00OR2272; FG02-ER41042; SC0014558; SC0014664; AC02-07CH11359; AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 48; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; baryon number violation; feebly interacting particles; European Spallation Source; baryogenesis; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats

Addazi, A., Anderson, K., Ansell, S., Babu, K. S., Barrow, J. L., Baxter, D. V., Bentley, P. M., Berezhiani, Z., Bevilacqua, R., Biondi, R., Bohm, C., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Cedercäll, J., Crawford, C., Dev, P. B., DiJulio, D. D., Dolgov, A. D., Dunne, K., Fierlinger, P., Fitzsimmons, M. R., Fomin, A., Frost, M. J., Gardiner, S., Gardner, S., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Geltenbort, P., Girmohanta, S., Golubev, P., Golubeva, E., Greene, G. L., Greenshaw, T., Gudkov, V., Hall-Wilton, R., Heilbronn, L., Herrero-Garcia, J., Holley, A., Ichikawa, G., Ito, T. M., Iverson, E., Johansson, T., Jönsson, L., Jwa, Y-J, Kamyshkov, Y., Kanaki, K., Kearns, E., Kokai, Z., Kerbikov, B., Kitaguchi, M., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E., Kobakhidze, A., Koerner, L. W., Kopeliovich, B., Kozela, A., Kudryavtsev, V., Kupsc, A., Lee, Y. T., Lindroos, M., Makkinje, J., Marquez, J. I., Meirose, B., Miller, T. M., Milstead, D., Mohapatra, R. N., Morishima, T., Muhrer, G., Mumm, H. P., Nagamoto, K., Nepomuceno, A., Nesti, F., Nesvizhevsky, V. V., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Paryev, E., Pattie, R. W., Penttil, S., Perrey, H., Pokotilovski, Y. N., Potashnikovav, I., Ramic, K., Redding, C., Richard, J-M, Ries, D., Rinaldi, E., Rizzi, N., Rossi, N., Ruggles, A., Rybolt, B., Santoro, V., Sarkar, U., Saunders, A., Senjanovic, G., Serebrov, A. P., Shimizu, H. M., Shrock, R., Silverstein, S., Silvermyr, D., Snow, W. M., Takibayev, A., Tkachev, I., Townsend, L., Tureanu, A., Varriano, L., Vainshtein, A., de Vries, J., Wagner, R., Woracek, R., Yamagata, Y., Yiu, S., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zhang, Z., and Zimmer, O. New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/abf429.
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Addazi, A., Anderson, K., Ansell, S., Babu, K. S., Barrow, J. L., Baxter, D. V., Bentley, P. M., Berezhiani, Z., Bevilacqua, R., Biondi, R., Bohm, C., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Cedercäll, J., Crawford, C., Dev, P. B., DiJulio, D. D., Dolgov, A. D., Dunne, K., Fierlinger, P., Fitzsimmons, M. R., Fomin, A., Frost, M. J., Gardiner, S., Gardner, S., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Geltenbort, P., Girmohanta, S., Golubev, P., Golubeva, E., Greene, G. L., Greenshaw, T., Gudkov, V., Hall-Wilton, R., Heilbronn, L., Herrero-Garcia, J., Holley, A., Ichikawa, G., Ito, T. M., Iverson, E., Johansson, T., Jönsson, L., Jwa, Y-J, Kamyshkov, Y., Kanaki, K., Kearns, E., Kokai, Z., Kerbikov, B., Kitaguchi, M., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E., Kobakhidze, A., Koerner, L. W., Kopeliovich, B., Kozela, A., Kudryavtsev, V., Kupsc, A., Lee, Y. T., Lindroos, M., Makkinje, J., Marquez, J. I., Meirose, B., Miller, T. M., Milstead, D., Mohapatra, R. N., Morishima, T., Muhrer, G., Mumm, H. P., Nagamoto, K., Nepomuceno, A., Nesti, F., Nesvizhevsky, V. V., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Paryev, E., Pattie, R. W., Penttil, S., Perrey, H., Pokotilovski, Y. N., Potashnikovav, I., Ramic, K., Redding, C., Richard, J-M, Ries, D., Rinaldi, E., Rizzi, N., Rossi, N., Ruggles, A., Rybolt, B., Santoro, V., Sarkar, U., Saunders, A., Senjanovic, G., Serebrov, A. P., Shimizu, H. M., Shrock, R., Silverstein, S., Silvermyr, D., Snow, W. M., Takibayev, A., Tkachev, I., Townsend, L., Tureanu, A., Varriano, L., Vainshtein, A., de Vries, J., Wagner, R., Woracek, R., Yamagata, Y., Yiu, S., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zhang, Z., & Zimmer, O. New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abf429
Copy to clipboard
Addazi, A., Anderson, K., Ansell, S., Babu, K. S., Barrow, J. L., Baxter, D. V., Bentley, P. M., Berezhiani, Z., Bevilacqua, R., Biondi, R., Bohm, C., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Cedercäll, J., Crawford, C., Dev, P. B., DiJulio, D. D., Dolgov, A. D., Dunne, K., Fierlinger, P., Fitzsimmons, M. R., Fomin, A., Frost, M. J., Gardiner, S., Gardner, S., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Geltenbort, P., Girmohanta, S., Golubev, P., Golubeva, E., Greene, G. L., Greenshaw, T., Gudkov, V., Hall-Wilton, R., Heilbronn, L., Herrero-Garcia, J., Holley, A., Ichikawa, G., Ito, T. M., Iverson, E., Johansson, T., Jönsson, L., Jwa, Y-J, Kamyshkov, Y., Kanaki, K., Kearns, E., Kokai, Z., Kerbikov, B., Kitaguchi, M., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E., Kobakhidze, A., Koerner, L. W., Kopeliovich, B., Kozela, A., Kudryavtsev, V., Kupsc, A., Lee, Y. T., Lindroos, M., Makkinje, J., Marquez, J. I., Meirose, B., Miller, T. M., Milstead, D., Mohapatra, R. N., Morishima, T., Muhrer, G., Mumm, H. P., Nagamoto, K., Nepomuceno, A., Nesti, F., Nesvizhevsky, V. V., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Paryev, E., Pattie, R. W., Penttil, S., Perrey, H., Pokotilovski, Y. N., Potashnikovav, I., Ramic, K., Redding, C., Richard, J-M, Ries, D., Rinaldi, E., Rizzi, N., Rossi, N., Ruggles, A., Rybolt, B., Santoro, V., Sarkar, U., Saunders, A., Senjanovic, G., Serebrov, A. P., Shimizu, H. M., Shrock, R., Silverstein, S., Silvermyr, D., Snow, W. M., Takibayev, A., Tkachev, I., Townsend, L., Tureanu, A., Varriano, L., Vainshtein, A., de Vries, J., Wagner, R., Woracek, R., Yamagata, Y., Yiu, S., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zhang, Z., and Zimmer, O. Mon . "New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abf429. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1808566.
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@article{osti_1808566,
title = {New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source},
author = {Addazi, A. and Anderson, K. and Ansell, S. and Babu, K. S. and Barrow, J. L. and Baxter, D. V. and Bentley, P. M. and Berezhiani, Z. and Bevilacqua, R. and Biondi, R. and Bohm, C. and Brooijmans, G. and Broussard, L. J. and Cedercäll, J. and Crawford, C. and Dev, P. B. and DiJulio, D. D. and Dolgov, A. D. and Dunne, K. and Fierlinger, P. and Fitzsimmons, M. R. and Fomin, A. and Frost, M. J. and Gardiner, S. and Gardner, S. and Galindo-Uribarri, A. and Geltenbort, P. and Girmohanta, S. and Golubev, P. and Golubeva, E. and Greene, G. L. and Greenshaw, T. and Gudkov, V. and Hall-Wilton, R. and Heilbronn, L. and Herrero-Garcia, J. and Holley, A. and Ichikawa, G. and Ito, T. M. and Iverson, E. and Johansson, T. and Jönsson, L. and Jwa, Y-J and Kamyshkov, Y. and Kanaki, K. and Kearns, E. and Kokai, Z. and Kerbikov, B. and Kitaguchi, M. and Kittelmann, T. and Klinkby, E. and Kobakhidze, A. and Koerner, L. W. and Kopeliovich, B. and Kozela, A. and Kudryavtsev, V. and Kupsc, A. and Lee, Y. T. and Lindroos, M. and Makkinje, J. and Marquez, J. I. and Meirose, B. and Miller, T. M. and Milstead, D. and Mohapatra, R. N. and Morishima, T. and Muhrer, G. and Mumm, H. P. and Nagamoto, K. and Nepomuceno, A. and Nesti, F. and Nesvizhevsky, V. V. and Nilsson, T. and Oskarsson, A. and Paryev, E. and Pattie, R. W. and Penttil, S. and Perrey, H. and Pokotilovski, Y. N. and Potashnikovav, I. and Ramic, K. and Redding, C. and Richard, J-M and Ries, D. and Rinaldi, E. and Rizzi, N. and Rossi, N. and Ruggles, A. and Rybolt, B. and Santoro, V. and Sarkar, U. and Saunders, A. and Senjanovic, G. and Serebrov, A. P. and Shimizu, H. M. and Shrock, R. and Silverstein, S. and Silvermyr, D. and Snow, W. M. and Takibayev, A. and Tkachev, I. and Townsend, L. and Tureanu, A. and Varriano, L. and Vainshtein, A. and de Vries, J. and Wagner, R. and Woracek, R. and Yamagata, Y. and Yiu, S. and Young, A. R. and Zanini, L. and Zhang, Z. and Zimmer, O.},
abstractNote = {The violation of baryon number, $\mathcal{B}$, is an essential ingredient for the preferential creation of matter over antimatter needed to account for the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe. However, such a process has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation. The program will include high-sensitivity searches for processes that violate baryon number by one or two units: free neutron–antineutron oscillation ($n\to \bar{n}$) via mixing, neutron–antineutron oscillation via regeneration from a sterile neutron state ($n\to \left[{n}^{\prime },{\bar{n}}^{\prime }\right]\to \bar{n}$), and neutron disappearance (n → n'); the effective ${\Delta}\mathcal{B}=0$ process of neutron regeneration ($n\to \left[{n}^{\prime },{\bar{n}}^{\prime }\right]\to n$) is also possible. The program can be used to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron and sterile neutron sectors. The experiment addresses topical open questions such as the origins of baryogenesis and the nature of dark matter, and is sensitive to scales of new physics substantially in excess of those available at colliders. A goal of the program is to open a discovery window to neutron conversion probabilities (sensitivities) by up to three orders of magnitude compared with previous searches. The opportunity to make such a leap in sensitivity tests should not be squandered. The experiment pulls together a diverse international team of physicists from the particle (collider and low energy) and nuclear physics communities, while also including specialists in neutronics and magnetics.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6471/abf429},
journal = {Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics},
number = 7,
volume = 48,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Mon Jun 14 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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