Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

Porzio, Jason; Scown, Corinne D.

doi:10.1002/aenm.202100771

Title: Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

Journal Article · 13 July 2021 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202100771 · OSTI ID:1808206

Porzio, Jason ^[1];

^[2]

Energy &, Biosciences Institute Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
Energy &, Biosciences Institute Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Biosciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Life‐cycle, Economics, &, Agronomy Division Joint BioEnergy Institute 5885 Hollis St Emeryville CA 94608 USA

Abstract Rechargeable batteries are necessary for the decarbonization of the energy systems, but life‐cycle environmental impact assessments have not achieved consensus on the environmental impacts of producing these batteries. Nonetheless, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to inform the development of better‐performing batteries with reduced environmental burden. This review explores common practices in lithium‐ion battery LCAs and makes recommendations for how future studies can be more interpretable, representative, and impactful. First, LCAs should focus analyses of resource depletion on long‐term trends toward more energy and resource‐intensive material extraction and processing rather than treating known reserves as a fixed quantity being depleted. Second, future studies should account for extraction and processing operations that deviate from industry best‐practices and may be responsible for an outsized share of sector‐wide impacts, such as artisanal cobalt mining. Third, LCAs should explore at least 2–3 battery manufacturing facility scales to capture size‐ and throughput‐dependent impacts such as dry room conditioning and solvent recovery. Finally, future LCAs must transition away from kg of battery mass as a functional unit and instead make use of kWh of storage capacity and kWh of lifetime energy throughput.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1808206

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 11; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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carbon footprint
environmental impacts
life-cycle assessments
lithium-ion batteries

Title: Life‐Cycle Assessment Considerations for Batteries and Battery Materials

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