Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers
Abstract
Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose–Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[4];
[1];
- Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Birck Nanotechnology Center. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Inst.
- Peking Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics. School of Physics; Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (China)
- Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). International Center for NanoOptoelectronics. Dept. of Electronic Engineering; Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering
- Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). The Blackett Lab.
- Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy. Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO)
- Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). International Center for NanoOptoelectronics. Dept. of Electronic Engineering
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center; Hong Kong Univ. (Hong Kong). Faculties of Sciences and Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1800011
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-01ER15213; SC0007043
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Light, Science & Applications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2047-7538
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Optics
Citation Formats
Azzam, Shaimaa I., Kildishev, Alexander V., Ma, Ren-Min, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Oulton, Rupert, Shalaev, Vladimir M., Stockman, Mark I., Xu, Jia-Lu, and Zhang, Xiang. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7.
Azzam, Shaimaa I., Kildishev, Alexander V., Ma, Ren-Min, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Oulton, Rupert, Shalaev, Vladimir M., Stockman, Mark I., Xu, Jia-Lu, & Zhang, Xiang. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7
Azzam, Shaimaa I., Kildishev, Alexander V., Ma, Ren-Min, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Oulton, Rupert, Shalaev, Vladimir M., Stockman, Mark I., Xu, Jia-Lu, and Zhang, Xiang. Mon .
"Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1800011.
@article{osti_1800011,
title = {Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers},
author = {Azzam, Shaimaa I. and Kildishev, Alexander V. and Ma, Ren-Min and Ning, Cun-Zheng and Oulton, Rupert and Shalaev, Vladimir M. and Stockman, Mark I. and Xu, Jia-Lu and Zhang, Xiang},
abstractNote = {Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose–Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.},
doi = {10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7},
journal = {Light, Science & Applications},
number = 1,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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