Magnetized particle transport in multi-MA accelerators
Abstract
Kinetic simulations of Sandia National Laboratories’ Z machine are conducted to understand particle transport in the highly magnetized environment of a multi-MA accelerator. Joule heating leads to the rapid formation of electrode surface plasmas. These plasmas are implicated in reducing accelerator efficiency by diverting current away from the load [M.R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20, 010401 (2017), N. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 120401 (2019)]. The fully-relativistic, electromagnetic simulations presented in this paper show that particles emitted in a space-charge-limited manner, in the absence of plasma, are magnetically insulated. However, in the presence of plasma, particles are transported across the magnetic field in spite of being only weakly collisional. The simulated cross-gap currents are well-approximated by the Hall current in the generalized Ohm’s law. The Hall conductivities are calculated using the simulated particle densities and energies, and the parameters that increase the Hall current are related to transmission line inductance. Analogous to the generalized Ohm’s law, we extend the derivation of the magnetized diffusion coefficients to include the coupling of perpendicular components. These yield a Hall diffusion rate, which is equivalent to the empirical Bohm diffusion.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1798243
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1810353
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2021-7454J
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888; PRABCJ; 060401
- Grant/Contract Number:
- NA0003525; 209240; AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Journal Volume: 24 Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; plasma production & heating by particle beams; plasma transport; particle-in-cell methods
Citation Formats
Bennett, N., Welch, D. R., Laity, G., Rose, D. V., and Cuneo, M. E. Magnetized particle transport in multi-MA accelerators. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.060401.
Bennett, N., Welch, D. R., Laity, G., Rose, D. V., & Cuneo, M. E. Magnetized particle transport in multi-MA accelerators. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.060401
Bennett, N., Welch, D. R., Laity, G., Rose, D. V., and Cuneo, M. E. Wed .
"Magnetized particle transport in multi-MA accelerators". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.060401.
@article{osti_1798243,
title = {Magnetized particle transport in multi-MA accelerators},
author = {Bennett, N. and Welch, D. R. and Laity, G. and Rose, D. V. and Cuneo, M. E.},
abstractNote = {Kinetic simulations of Sandia National Laboratories’ Z machine are conducted to understand particle transport in the highly magnetized environment of a multi-MA accelerator. Joule heating leads to the rapid formation of electrode surface plasmas. These plasmas are implicated in reducing accelerator efficiency by diverting current away from the load [M.R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 20, 010401 (2017), N. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 120401 (2019)]. The fully-relativistic, electromagnetic simulations presented in this paper show that particles emitted in a space-charge-limited manner, in the absence of plasma, are magnetically insulated. However, in the presence of plasma, particles are transported across the magnetic field in spite of being only weakly collisional. The simulated cross-gap currents are well-approximated by the Hall current in the generalized Ohm’s law. The Hall conductivities are calculated using the simulated particle densities and energies, and the parameters that increase the Hall current are related to transmission line inductance. Analogous to the generalized Ohm’s law, we extend the derivation of the magnetized diffusion coefficients to include the coupling of perpendicular components. These yield a Hall diffusion rate, which is equivalent to the empirical Bohm diffusion.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.060401},
journal = {Physical Review Accelerators and Beams},
number = 6,
volume = 24,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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