Wood-reinforced composites by stereolithography with the stress whitening behavior
Abstract
In this study, poplar wood flour at various concentrations (1–10 wt%) is incorporated into a methacrylate-based resin via solution blending to fabricate wood-reinforced composites using stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis shows the presence of a small amount of residual monomer in the printed samples. For the printed composites, the glass transition temperature (Tg) from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) decreases as more wood flour is incorporated, which indicates an increase in free volume occupied by polymer chains. The tensile strength is improved up to 17.3% from 21.1 MPa (no wood flour) to 24.7 MPa (1.0 wt% wood flour). The highest Young’s modulus reaches 323.8 MPa (2.0 wt% wood flour), which is 1.9-fold of that of the sample without wood flour. Moreover, the composites show “stress whitening” with the addition of wood flour during the uniaxial drawing. Morphology analysis of the tested samples show that the formation of microcraze and microvoids likely causing the stress whitening. This is the first study that demonstrates wood flour can be utilized in SLA 3D printed wood plastic composites (WPC) which can reinforce the printed products with a modest loading amount.
- Authors:
-
[2];
[3];
[3]
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1797630
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Materials & Design
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 206; Journal Issue: n/a; Journal ID: ISSN 0264-1275
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 3D printing; Stereolithography; Wood plastic composites; Stress whitening
Citation Formats
Zhang, Shuyang, Bhagia, Samarthya, Li, Mi, Meng, Xianzhi, and Ragauskas, Arthur J. Wood-reinforced composites by stereolithography with the stress whitening behavior. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109773.
Zhang, Shuyang, Bhagia, Samarthya, Li, Mi, Meng, Xianzhi, & Ragauskas, Arthur J. Wood-reinforced composites by stereolithography with the stress whitening behavior. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109773
Zhang, Shuyang, Bhagia, Samarthya, Li, Mi, Meng, Xianzhi, and Ragauskas, Arthur J. Wed .
"Wood-reinforced composites by stereolithography with the stress whitening behavior". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109773. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1797630.
@article{osti_1797630,
title = {Wood-reinforced composites by stereolithography with the stress whitening behavior},
author = {Zhang, Shuyang and Bhagia, Samarthya and Li, Mi and Meng, Xianzhi and Ragauskas, Arthur J.},
abstractNote = {In this study, poplar wood flour at various concentrations (1–10 wt%) is incorporated into a methacrylate-based resin via solution blending to fabricate wood-reinforced composites using stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis shows the presence of a small amount of residual monomer in the printed samples. For the printed composites, the glass transition temperature (Tg) from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) decreases as more wood flour is incorporated, which indicates an increase in free volume occupied by polymer chains. The tensile strength is improved up to 17.3% from 21.1 MPa (no wood flour) to 24.7 MPa (1.0 wt% wood flour). The highest Young’s modulus reaches 323.8 MPa (2.0 wt% wood flour), which is 1.9-fold of that of the sample without wood flour. Moreover, the composites show “stress whitening” with the addition of wood flour during the uniaxial drawing. Morphology analysis of the tested samples show that the formation of microcraze and microvoids likely causing the stress whitening. This is the first study that demonstrates wood flour can be utilized in SLA 3D printed wood plastic composites (WPC) which can reinforce the printed products with a modest loading amount.},
doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109773},
journal = {Materials & Design},
number = n/a,
volume = 206,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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