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Title: Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au + Au Collisions at s NN = 27 , 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC

Journal Article · · Physical Review Letters
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According to first principle Lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region µB ≤ Tc. As a result, higher-order cumulants and their ratios are predicted to be negative, C6/C2 < 0, for example. In this paper, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton C6/C2 from 27, 54.4 and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in (pT, y) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the C6/C2 values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the C6/C2 ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict values around zero. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high energy nuclear collisions at RHIC.

Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Contributing Organization:
STAR Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-88ER40424; SC0012704; SC0013405; SC0017982
OSTI ID:
1785956
Report Number(s):
BNL-221584-2021-JAAM
Journal Information:
Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 26 Vol. 127; ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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