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Title: Generation of ionic liquid tolerant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains via adaptive laboratory evolution

Abstract

Although the use of ionic liquids (ILs) for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been limited due to high costs, recent efforts to develop low-cost protic ILs show promise for achieving cost-effectiveness for biorefineries. However, an additional challenge remains in that ILs present in biomass hydrolysates are toxic to most microbial hosts, resulting in poor growth phenotypes. To address this issue, we applied an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) approach for tolerizing Pseudomonas putida KT2440, an industrially relevant bacterial host, to two low-cost ILs (triethanolammonium acetate [TEOH][OAc] and triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [TEA][HS]). After continuous cultivations with gradually increased IL levels, we obtained evolved strains showing significant improvements in their growth performance under high concentrations of the ILs (maximum 4% [TEOH][OAc] and 8% [TEA][HS], in w/v) at which the wild-type strain cannot grow. Sequencing of evolved strains revealed multiple regions where mutations were associated with improved performance in minimal media conditions (relA, gacS, oprB/PP_1446, fleQ, tktA, and uvrY/PP_4100) and in IL-specific conditions (PP_5350, PP_4929/emrE, oprD, and PP_5324). We further validated the causality of the PP_5350 and emrE genes for improved IL tolerance via reverse engineering and transcriptomic analysis. Here, a common mutation in the PP_5350 gene, encoding a RpiR family transcriptional regulator,more » was shown to significantly upregulate the glyoxylate cycle for efficient acetate catabolism. In addition, it was suggested that the emrE gene encodes an efflux pump which can export [TEA][HS]. Finally, the cultivation of two of the best performing evolved strains with IL-treated biomass hydrolysates demonstrated their considerable potential to be used as platform strains. Taken as a whole, this work provides strains for utilization of IL-treated biomass and a mechanistic understanding that could be further leveraged to develop efficient microbial bioprocesses.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [3];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [7]
  1. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States)
  2. Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  4. Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
  5. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark); Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
  6. Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1782190
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1646932
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Green Chemistry
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 22; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 1463-9262
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Lim, Hyun Gyu, Fong, Bonnie, Alarcon, Geovanni, Magurudeniya, Harsha D., Eng, Thomas, Szubin, Richard, Olson, Connor A., Palsson, Bernhard O., Gladden, John M., Simmons, Blake A., Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila, Singer, Steven W., and Feist, Adam M. Generation of ionic liquid tolerant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains via adaptive laboratory evolution. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1039/d0gc01663b.
Lim, Hyun Gyu, Fong, Bonnie, Alarcon, Geovanni, Magurudeniya, Harsha D., Eng, Thomas, Szubin, Richard, Olson, Connor A., Palsson, Bernhard O., Gladden, John M., Simmons, Blake A., Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila, Singer, Steven W., & Feist, Adam M. Generation of ionic liquid tolerant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains via adaptive laboratory evolution. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0gc01663b
Lim, Hyun Gyu, Fong, Bonnie, Alarcon, Geovanni, Magurudeniya, Harsha D., Eng, Thomas, Szubin, Richard, Olson, Connor A., Palsson, Bernhard O., Gladden, John M., Simmons, Blake A., Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila, Singer, Steven W., and Feist, Adam M. Tue . "Generation of ionic liquid tolerant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains via adaptive laboratory evolution". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0gc01663b. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1782190.
@article{osti_1782190,
title = {Generation of ionic liquid tolerant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains via adaptive laboratory evolution},
author = {Lim, Hyun Gyu and Fong, Bonnie and Alarcon, Geovanni and Magurudeniya, Harsha D. and Eng, Thomas and Szubin, Richard and Olson, Connor A. and Palsson, Bernhard O. and Gladden, John M. and Simmons, Blake A. and Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila and Singer, Steven W. and Feist, Adam M.},
abstractNote = {Although the use of ionic liquids (ILs) for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been limited due to high costs, recent efforts to develop low-cost protic ILs show promise for achieving cost-effectiveness for biorefineries. However, an additional challenge remains in that ILs present in biomass hydrolysates are toxic to most microbial hosts, resulting in poor growth phenotypes. To address this issue, we applied an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) approach for tolerizing Pseudomonas putida KT2440, an industrially relevant bacterial host, to two low-cost ILs (triethanolammonium acetate [TEOH][OAc] and triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate [TEA][HS]). After continuous cultivations with gradually increased IL levels, we obtained evolved strains showing significant improvements in their growth performance under high concentrations of the ILs (maximum 4% [TEOH][OAc] and 8% [TEA][HS], in w/v) at which the wild-type strain cannot grow. Sequencing of evolved strains revealed multiple regions where mutations were associated with improved performance in minimal media conditions (relA, gacS, oprB/PP_1446, fleQ, tktA, and uvrY/PP_4100) and in IL-specific conditions (PP_5350, PP_4929/emrE, oprD, and PP_5324). We further validated the causality of the PP_5350 and emrE genes for improved IL tolerance via reverse engineering and transcriptomic analysis. Here, a common mutation in the PP_5350 gene, encoding a RpiR family transcriptional regulator, was shown to significantly upregulate the glyoxylate cycle for efficient acetate catabolism. In addition, it was suggested that the emrE gene encodes an efflux pump which can export [TEA][HS]. Finally, the cultivation of two of the best performing evolved strains with IL-treated biomass hydrolysates demonstrated their considerable potential to be used as platform strains. Taken as a whole, this work provides strains for utilization of IL-treated biomass and a mechanistic understanding that could be further leveraged to develop efficient microbial bioprocesses.},
doi = {10.1039/d0gc01663b},
journal = {Green Chemistry},
number = 17,
volume = 22,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Tue Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

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