X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows

Karathanassis, I. K.; Heidari-Koochi, M.; Zhang, Q.; Hwang, J.; Koukouvinis, P.; Wang, J.; Gavaises, M.

doi:10.1063/5.0038475

Title: X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows

Abstract

In this work, high-flux synchrotron radiation has been employed in a time-resolved manner to characterise the distinct topology features and dynamics of different cavitation regimes arising in a throttle orifice with an abrupt flow-entry contraction. Radiographs obtained though both X-ray phase- contrast and absorption imaging have been captured at 67,890 frames per second. The flow lied in the turbulent regime (Re=35,500), while moderate (CN=2.0) to well-established (CN=6.0) cavitation conditions were examined encompassing the cloud and vortical cavitation regimes with pertinent transient features, such as cloud-cavity shedding. X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging (XPCI), exploiting the shift in the X-ray wave phase during interactions with matter, offers sharp-refractive index gradients in the interface region. Hence, it is suitable for capturing fine morphological fluctuations of transient cavitation structures. Nevertheless, the technique cannot provide information on the quantity of vapour within the orifice. Such data have been obtained utilising absorption imaging, where beam attenuation is not associated with scattering and refraction events, and hence can be explicitly correlated with the projected vapour thickness in line-of-sight measurements. A combination of the two methods is proposed, as it has been found is capable of quantifying the vapour content arising in the complex nozzle flow, while also faithfully illustratingmore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Zhang, Q. ^[3];

^[4];

^[1]; Wang, J. ^[3];

^[2]

Univ. of London (United Kingdom); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of London (United Kingdom)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Org.:: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); EU Horizon-2020; UNIFIED; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1781682

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; 794831; 748784; NA0003525; EP/K020846/1

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Fluids

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 33; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-6631

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; compressible flow; fuel injectors; synchrotron radiation; time-resolved measurements; vapour quantification

Citation Formats


                    Karathanassis, I. K., Heidari-Koochi, M., Zhang, Q., Hwang, J., Koukouvinis, P., Wang, J., and Gavaises, M. X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/5.0038475.

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                    Karathanassis, I. K., Heidari-Koochi, M., Zhang, Q., Hwang, J., Koukouvinis, P., Wang, J., & Gavaises, M. X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0038475

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                    Karathanassis, I. K., Heidari-Koochi, M., Zhang, Q., Hwang, J., Koukouvinis, P., Wang, J., and Gavaises, M. Tue .  
"X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0038475.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1781682.

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@article{osti_1781682,

  title        = {X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows},

  author       = {Karathanassis, I. K. and Heidari-Koochi, M. and Zhang, Q. and Hwang, J. and Koukouvinis, P. and Wang, J. and Gavaises, M.},

  abstractNote = {In this work, high-flux synchrotron radiation has been employed in a time-resolved manner to characterise the distinct topology features and dynamics of different cavitation regimes arising in a throttle orifice with an abrupt flow-entry contraction. Radiographs obtained though both X-ray phase- contrast and absorption imaging have been captured at 67,890 frames per second. The flow lied in the turbulent regime (Re=35,500), while moderate (CN=2.0) to well-established (CN=6.0) cavitation conditions were examined encompassing the cloud and vortical cavitation regimes with pertinent transient features, such as cloud-cavity shedding. X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging (XPCI), exploiting the shift in the X-ray wave phase during interactions with matter, offers sharp-refractive index gradients in the interface region. Hence, it is suitable for capturing fine morphological fluctuations of transient cavitation structures. Nevertheless, the technique cannot provide information on the quantity of vapour within the orifice. Such data have been obtained utilising absorption imaging, where beam attenuation is not associated with scattering and refraction events, and hence can be explicitly correlated with the projected vapour thickness in line-of-sight measurements. A combination of the two methods is proposed, as it has been found is capable of quantifying the vapour content arising in the complex nozzle flow, while also faithfully illustrating the dynamics of the highly-transient cavitation features.},

  doi          = {10.1063/5.0038475},

  journal      = {Physics of Fluids},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 33,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021},

  month        = {Tue Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2021}

}

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Title: X-ray phase contrast and absorption imaging for the quantification of transient cavitation in high-speed nozzle flows

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Numerical simulation of cavitation and atomization using a fully compressible three-phase model journal, June 2018

A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms journal, January 1979

On the mechanisms of cavitation erosion – Coupling high speed videos to damage patterns journal, November 2015

Dynamics and noise emission of vortex cavitation bubbles journal, March 2007

An experimental study on the cavitation vibration characteristics of a centrifugal pump at normal flow rate
journal, October 2018

Quantitative predictions of cavitation presence and erosion-prone locations in a high-pressure cavitation test rig
journal, April 2017

Bubble puzzles: From fundamentals to applications
journal, November 2018

Time-resolved 3D imaging of two-phase fluid flow inside a steel fuel injector using synchrotron X-ray tomography
journal, May 2020

Describing the uncertainties in experimental results
journal, January 1988

Resonance of torsional vibrations of centrifugal pump shafts due to cavitation erosion of pump impellers
journal, December 2016

X-ray measurements within unsteady cavitation
journal, August 2003

Void fraction measurements in partial cavitation regimes by X-ray computed tomography
journal, November 2019

X-Ray Radiography Measurements of Cavitating Nozzle flow
journal, January 2013

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearances on cavitation performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode
journal, November 2018

Experimental investigation of cavitating structures in the near wake of a cylinder
journal, March 2017

Investigation of condensation shocks and re-entrant jet dynamics in a cavitating nozzle flow by Large-Eddy Simulation
journal, April 2020

A Review of X-Ray Flow Visualization With Applications to Multiphase Flows
journal, July 2011

Investigation of cavitation and vapor shedding mechanisms in a Venturi nozzle
journal, August 2020

X-ray fluorescence measurements of dissolved gas and cavitation
journal, September 2016

Elements of Modern X-ray Physics
book, March 2011

Propeller cavitation noise and background noise in the sea
journal, July 2016

Removal of bacteria Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis by (super)cavitation
journal, April 2018

Growth, oscillation and collapse of vortex cavitation bubbles
journal, April 2009

Accurate turbulence level estimations using PIV/PTV
journal, November 2018

Time resolved PIV and flow visualization of 3D sheet cavitation
journal, February 2006

Bubbly shock propagation as a mechanism for sheet-to-cloud transition of partial cavities
journal, August 2016

Shaping and Controlled Fragmentation of Liquid Metal Droplets through Cavitation
journal, January 2018

High-speed visualization and PIV measurements of cavitating flows around a semi-circular leading-edge flat plate and NACA0015 hydrofoil
journal, April 2014

Numerical prediction of cavitation erosion on a ship propeller in model- and full-scale
journal, August 2018

On the unsteady behaviour of cavity flow over a two-dimensional wall-mounted fence
journal, July 2019

High-speed x-ray CT imaging of a strongly cavitating nozzle flow
journal, July 2018

Synthesis and Surface Modification of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Using Ultrasound Cavitation Technique
journal, March 2015

Characterization of string cavitation in large-scale Diesel nozzles with tapered holes
journal, May 2009

Time-resolved two-dimensional X-ray densitometry of a two-phase flow downstream of a ventilated cavity
journal, June 2013

Unstable Cavitation Behavior in a Circular-Cylindrical Orifice Flow.
journal, January 2002

C AVITATION IN V ORTICAL F LOWS
journal, January 2002

Illustrating the effect of viscoelastic additives on cavitation and turbulence with X-ray imaging
journal, October 2018

Effects of Noncondensable gas on Cavitating Nozzles
journal, January 2015

Ventilated cloud cavitating flow around a blunt body close to the free surface
journal, August 2017

Data-based analysis of multimodal partial cavity shedding dynamics
journal, March 2020

Direct comparison of shadowgraphy and x-ray imaging for void fraction determination
journal, November 2018

Application of X-ray micro-computed tomography on high-speed cavitating diesel fuel flows
journal, November 2016

X-ray attenuation measurements in a cavitating mixing layer for instantaneous two-dimensional void ratio determination
journal, May 2011

Development and operating experience of a 1.2-m long helical superconducting undulator at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source
journal, May 2020

X-Ray Imaging Techniques to Quantify Spray Characteristics in the near Field
journal, January 2018

Analysis of cavitating flow structure by experimental and numerical investigations
journal, April 2007

Experimental study on the effect of nozzle geometry on string cavitation in real-size optical diesel nozzles and spray characteristics
journal, November 2018

Experimental investigation of internal two-phase flow structures and dynamics of quasi-stable sheet cavitation by fast synchrotron x-ray imaging
journal, November 2020

High-speed visualization of vortical cavitation using synchrotron radiation
journal, January 2018

A comprehensive review of cavitation in valves: mechanical heart valves and control valves
journal, May 2019

The dynamics of partial cavity formation, shedding and the influence of dissolved and injected non-condensable gas
journal, September 2017

Synchrotron X-ray techniques for fluid dynamics
journal, February 2014

First observation and characterization of vortex flow in steel micronozzles for high-pressure diesel injection
journal, July 2019

Propeller cavitation noise investigations of a research vessel using medium size cavitation tunnel tests and full-scale trials
journal, July 2016

Numerical simulation of cavitation and atomization using a fully compressible three-phase model
journal, June 2018

A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms
journal, January 1979

On the mechanisms of cavitation erosion – Coupling high speed videos to damage patterns
journal, November 2015

Dynamics and noise emission of vortex cavitation bubbles
journal, March 2007