Revealing the Dynamics of Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Formation via Multimodal In Situ Probes

Song, Tze‐Bin; Yuan, Zhenghao; Mori, Megumi; Motiwala, Faizan; Segev, Gideon; Masquelier, Eloïse; Stan, Camelia V.; Slack, Jonathan L.; Tamura, Nobumichi; Sutter‐Fella, Carolin M.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201908337

Title: Revealing the Dynamics of Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Formation via Multimodal In Situ Probes

Journal Article · 09 December 2019 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201908337 · OSTI ID:1777950

Song, Tze‐Bin ^[1]; Yuan, Zhenghao ^[1]; Mori, Megumi ^[1]; Motiwala, Faizan ^[1]; Segev, Gideon ^[1]; Masquelier, Eloïse ^[1]; Stan, Camelia V. ^[1]; Slack, Jonathan L. ^[1]; Tamura, Nobumichi ^[1];

^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

The exploration of the synthetic space of halide perovskites hinges on an enormous number of parameters requiring time-consuming experimentation to decouple and optimize. Here, the formation of the prototype material CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃) is investigated at different time and length scales using multimodal in situ measurements to monitor the evolution of crystalline phases, morphology, and photoluminescence as a function of the lead precursors. Kinetically fast formation of crystalline precursor phases already during the spin-coat deposition is observed using lead iodide (PbI₂) or lead chloride (PbCl₂) routes. These precursor phases most likely template final MAPbI3 film morphology. In particular, the emergence of the “needle-like” structure is shown to appear before film annealing. In situ photoluminescence measurements suggest nanoscale nucleation followed by rapid nuclei densification and growth. Using this multimodal in situ approach, different formation pathways can be identified either via precursor phases in the PbI₂ and PbCl₂ routes or direct perovskite formation from molecular building blocks as observed in the lead acetate (PbAc₂) route. Correlation of in situ results with photovoltaic device performance demonstrates the power of in situ multimodal techniques, paves the way to a fast screening of synthetic parameters, and ultimately leads to controlled synthetic procedures that yield high-efficiency devices.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344; SC0004993

OSTI ID:: 1777950

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 30; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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