A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Impacts of Water Chemistry on Shale in Hydraulic Fracturing Systems
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional hydrocarbon resources involves the sequential injection of a high-pressure, particle-laden fluid with varying pH's to make commercial production viable in low permeability rocks. This process both requires and produces extraordinary volumes of water. The water used for hydraulic fracturing is typically fresh, whereas 'flowback' water is typically saline with a variety of additives which complicate safe disposal. As production operations continue to expand, there is an increasing interest in treating and reusing this high-salinity produced water for further fracturing. Here we review the relevant transport and geochemical properties of shales, and critically analyze the impact of water chemistry (including produced water) on these properties. We discuss five major geo-chemical mechanisms that are prominently involved in the temporal and spatial evolution of fractures during the stimulation and production phase: shale softening, mineral dissolution, mineral precipitation, fines migration, and wettability alteration. A higher salinity fluid creates both benefits and complications in controlling these mechanisms. For example, higher salinity fluid inhibits clay dispersion, but simultaneously requires more additives to achieve appropriate viscosity for proppant emplacement. In total this review hiighlights the nuances of enhanced hydrogeochemical shale stimulation in relation to the choice of fracturing fluid chemistry.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[2];
[3];
[1]
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
- Department of Energy Resource Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1777482
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1778947; OSTI ID: 1843396
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; SC0019165
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Environmental Science and Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 55; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Deformation; Fluids; Shale; Clay; Minerals; geochemistry, hydrofracturing, shales
Citation Formats
Khan, Hasan Javed, Spielman-Sun, Eleanor, Jew, Adam D., Bargar, John, Kovscek, Anthony, and Druhan, Jennifer L. A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Impacts of Water Chemistry on Shale in Hydraulic Fracturing Systems. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c04901.
Khan, Hasan Javed, Spielman-Sun, Eleanor, Jew, Adam D., Bargar, John, Kovscek, Anthony, & Druhan, Jennifer L. A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Impacts of Water Chemistry on Shale in Hydraulic Fracturing Systems. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04901
Khan, Hasan Javed, Spielman-Sun, Eleanor, Jew, Adam D., Bargar, John, Kovscek, Anthony, and Druhan, Jennifer L. Mon .
"A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Impacts of Water Chemistry on Shale in Hydraulic Fracturing Systems". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04901. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1777482.
@article{osti_1777482,
title = {A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Impacts of Water Chemistry on Shale in Hydraulic Fracturing Systems},
author = {Khan, Hasan Javed and Spielman-Sun, Eleanor and Jew, Adam D. and Bargar, John and Kovscek, Anthony and Druhan, Jennifer L.},
abstractNote = {Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional hydrocarbon resources involves the sequential injection of a high-pressure, particle-laden fluid with varying pH's to make commercial production viable in low permeability rocks. This process both requires and produces extraordinary volumes of water. The water used for hydraulic fracturing is typically fresh, whereas 'flowback' water is typically saline with a variety of additives which complicate safe disposal. As production operations continue to expand, there is an increasing interest in treating and reusing this high-salinity produced water for further fracturing. Here we review the relevant transport and geochemical properties of shales, and critically analyze the impact of water chemistry (including produced water) on these properties. We discuss five major geo-chemical mechanisms that are prominently involved in the temporal and spatial evolution of fractures during the stimulation and production phase: shale softening, mineral dissolution, mineral precipitation, fines migration, and wettability alteration. A higher salinity fluid creates both benefits and complications in controlling these mechanisms. For example, higher salinity fluid inhibits clay dispersion, but simultaneously requires more additives to achieve appropriate viscosity for proppant emplacement. In total this review hiighlights the nuances of enhanced hydrogeochemical shale stimulation in relation to the choice of fracturing fluid chemistry.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.0c04901},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
number = 3,
volume = 55,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Mon Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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The effect of vug distribution on particle straining in permeable media
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Temporal characterization of flowback and produced water quality from a hydraulically fractured oil and gas well
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Mineral Reactions in Shale Gas Reservoirs: Barite Scale Formation from Reusing Produced Water As Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid
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Gas transport and storage capacity in shale gas reservoirs – A review. Part A: Transport processes
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A compilation of rate parameters of water-mineral interaction kinetics for application to geochemical modeling
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Laboratory-Scale Studies on Chemical Reactions Between Fracturing Fluid and Shale Core From the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory (MSEEL) Site
conference, January 2017
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- Proceedings of the 5th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference
Experimental Interactions Between Clay Minerals and Bacteria: A Review
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Barium Isotopes Track the Source of Dissolved Solids in Produced Water from the Unconventional Marcellus Shale Gas Play
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A comparative investigation of shale wettability: The significance of pore connectivity
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Swelling and softening behaviour of La Biche shale
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Rock deformation models and fluid leak-off in hydraulic fracturing
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Influence of proppant embedment on fracture conductivity
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Spatial and Temporal Correlation of Water Quality Parameters of Produced Waters from Devonian-Age Shale following Hydraulic Fracturing
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Impact of Antiscalants on the Fate of Barite in the Unconventional Gas Wells
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Shales at all scales: Exploring coupled processes in mudrocks
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Kerogen Pore Size Distribution of Barnett Shale using DFT Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations
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- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, All Days
Characterization of hydraulic fracturing flowback water in Colorado: Implications for water treatment
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- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 512-513
Role of interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures on production
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Investigating the effects of plug viscosity on annular pressure drop and cuttings transport in a concentric annulus
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A Diagenetic Study of the Wolfcamp Shale, Midland Basin, West Texas
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Micro-structure differences in kaolinite suspensions
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A Historical Review of Induced Earthquakes in Texas
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Comprehensive Study of Elasticity and Shear-Viscosity Effects on Proppant Transport Using HFVRs on High-TDS Produced Water
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- Proceedings of the 7th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference
Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment
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Desalination and Reuse of High-Salinity Shale Gas Produced Water: Drivers, Technologies, and Future Directions
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Wettability Alteration in a Tight Oil Reservoir
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Chemical controls on the propagation rate of fracture in calcite
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Effect of Methanol and Ethylene Glycol on Sulfates and Halite Scale Formation
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Study on the damage and control method of fracturing fluid to tight reservoir matrix
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Experimental Investigation of Fracturing-Fluid Migration Caused by Spontaneous Imbibition in Fractured Low-Permeability Sands
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Nanoscale Gas Flow in Shale Gas Sediments
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- Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 10
Computed-Tomography Measurements of Water Block in Low-Permeability Rocks: Scaling and Remedying Production Impairment
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- SPE Journal, Vol. 23, Issue 03
The effect of pressure on porosity and the transport properties of rock
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Characterization and implications of solids associated with hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water from the Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada
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Charged patch attraction in dispersion: effect of polystyrene sulphonate molecular weight or patch size
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Fluid Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing: a Review
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Origin and characterization of Eagle Ford pore networks in the south Texas Upper Cretaceous shelf
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Production Loss by Scale Formation in Unconventional Reservoirs
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- SPE Western Regional Meeting, Day 5 Thu, April 26, 2018
Current understanding of shale wettability: A review on contact angle measurements
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Nanoscale Visualization of Gas Shale Pore and Textural Features
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Shale Alteration by Water Adsorption
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Calcium Carbonate Formation and Dissolution
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Flow of Suspensions through Porous Media—Application to Deep Filtration
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A Critical Review of Using High Viscosity Friction Reducers as Fracturing Fluids for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications
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- SPE Oklahoma City Oil and Gas Symposium, Day 2 Wed, April 10, 2019
Generation, transport, and disposal of wastewater associated with Marcellus Shale gas development: RAPID COMMUNICATION
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On the Mechanisms of Shale Microfracture Propagation
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- Padin, Anton; Tutuncu, Azra N.; Sonnenberg, Steve
- SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, All Days
Potential and implemented membrane-based technologies for the treatment and reuse of flowback and produced water from shale gas and oil plays: A review
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Impact of Organics and Carbonates on the Oxidation and Precipitation of Iron during Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale
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A review of fracturing fluid systems used for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells
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Experimental Evaluation of Wellbore Integrity Along the Cement-rock Boundary
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Entrainment and Deposition of Fine Particles in Porous Media
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Advances in Understanding Wettability of Gas Shales
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An Experimental Study on Conductivity of Unpropped Fractures in Preserved Shales
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- SPE Production & Operations, Vol. 34, Issue 02
A review of the issues and treatment options for wastewater from shale gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing
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Rock characterization of Fayetteville shale gas plays
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Mechanisms of imbibition during hydraulic fracturing in shale formations
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Metabolic Capability of a Predominant Halanaerobium sp. in Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells and Its Implication in Pipeline Corrosion
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Formation of nanoporous pyrobitumen residues during maturation of the Barnett Shale (Fort Worth Basin)
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An unconventional mindset for shale gas surface facilities
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Reaction and diffusion at the reservoir/shale interface during CO2 storage: Impact of geochemical kinetics
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Investigation of Methods to Improve Utica Shale Hydraulic Fracturing in the Appalachian Basin
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A review of crosslinked fracturing fluids prepared with produced water
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Experimental Study of Fracture Conductivity for Water-Fracturing and Conventional Fracturing Applications
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A Critical Review of the Risks to Water Resources from Unconventional Shale Gas Development and Hydraulic Fracturing in the United States
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Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry, pycnometry, surface area, and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses: Examples from the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Marcellus, and Doig units
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Effect of dissolved solids on reuse of produced water at high temperature in hydraulic fracturing jobs
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Application of inorganic whole-rock geochemistry to shale resource plays: an example from the Eagle Ford Shale Formation, Texas
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Element release and reaction-induced porosity alteration during shale-hydraulic fracturing fluid interactions
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Dependence of quartz wettability on fluid density: Fluid Density-Quartz Wettability
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Dissolution of porous media
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Chemical and Mechanical Aspects of Wellbore Stability in Shale Formations: A Literature Review
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- Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Day 3 Wed, November 12, 2014
Critical Evaluation of Additives Used in Shale Slickwater Fracs
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- Kaufman, Phillip B.; Penny, Glenn S.; Paktinat, Javad
- SPE Shale Gas Production Conference, All Days
Assessment of Effluent Contaminants from Three Facilities Discharging Marcellus Shale Wastewater to Surface Waters in Pennsylvania
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A comprehensive review on proppant technologies
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Heterogeneity of the mineralogy and organic content of the Tuscaloosa Marine Shale
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Oil adsorption in shale nanopores and its effect on recoverable oil-in-place
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Impact of coating development on the hydraulic and transport properties in argillaceous limestone fracture: DISSOLUTION IN ARGILLACEOUS LIMESTONE FRACTURE
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Influence of layer charge on swelling of smectites
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Characterization of Marcellus Shale Flowback Water
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Effects of kaolinite in rocks on fines migration
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The colloidal and rheological properties of bentonite suspensions
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Recent Advances in Scale Prediction: Approach and Limitations
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Impact of Formation Softening and Rock Mechanical Properties on Selection of Shale Stimulation Fluid: Laboratory Evaluation
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Mississippian Barnett Shale: Lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas
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Gypsum-Crystallization-Induced Fracturing during Shale–Fluid Reactions and Application for Shale Stimulation
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Mapping and Quantifying Surface Charges on Clay Nanoparticles
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Shale Kerogen: Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Interactions and Contaminant Release
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Enhancing Hydrocarbon Permeability After Hydraulic Fracturing: Laboratory Evaluations of Shut-ins and Surfactant Additives
conference, September 2015
- Liang, Tianbo; Longoria, Rafael A.; Lu, Jun
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Day 2 Tue, September 29, 2015
Physico-Chemical Stabilization of Shales
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- International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, All Days
Laboratory Evaluation and Mechanistic Understanding of the Impact of Ferric Species on Oilfield Scale Inhibitor Performance
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- Energy & Fuels, Vol. 32, Issue 8
Barium Sources in Hydraulic Fracturing Systems and Chemical Controls on its Release into Solution
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- Jew, Adam D.; Li, Qingyun; Cercone, David
- Proceedings of the 6th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference
Wettability Alteration and Spontaneous Imbibition in Unconventional Liquid Reservoirs by Surfactant Additives
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- SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, Vol. 20, Issue 01
Characterization of kaolinite in the hardsetting clay fraction using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the Rietveld method
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Clay mineralogy and unconventional hydrocarbon shale reservoirs in the USA. I. Occurrence and interpretation of mixed-layer R3 ordered illite/smectite
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Impact of fracturing liquid absorption on the production and water-block unlocking for shale gas reservoir
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Life Cycle Water Consumption for Shale Gas and Conventional Natural Gas
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Water-Rock Interaction for Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Green River, and Barnett Shale Samples
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- SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, All Days
Natural gas-hydrates — A potential energy source for the 21st Century
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Formation Fines and Factors Controlling Their Movement in Porous Media
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Microfracturing and microporosity in shales
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Potential kinetic model for scaling and scale inhibition mechanism
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Experimental investigations of the wettability of clays and shales
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Shale softening: Observations, phenomenological behavior, and mechanisms
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Alteration of swelling clay minerals by acid activation
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Investigation of the impact of ferrous species on the performance of common oilfield scale inhibitors for mineral scale control
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Alteration of non-swelling clay minerals and magadiite by acid activation
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Behaviour of swelling clays versus non-swelling clays in flotation
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Flow and Transport in Tight and Shale Formations: A Review
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Impact of Water Chemistry on Element Mobilization from Eagle Ford Shale
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- Environmental Engineering Science, Vol. 32, Issue 4
Integrating 3D Seismic and Geomechanical Properties with Microseismic Acquisition and Fracturing Parameters to Optimize Completion Practices within the Wolfcamp Shale Play of the Midland Basin
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- Unconventional Resources Technology Conference
Shale Acid Fracturing: Geomechanical Effects and Fracture Propagation
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- Sixth Biot Conference on Poromechanics, Poromechanics VI
Dispersion and zeta potential of pure clays as related to net particle charge under varying pH, electrolyte concentration and cation type
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