Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy

Zhao, Yuchen; Cinbiz, Mahmut N.; Park, Jun-Sang; Almer, Jonathan; Kaoumi, Djamel

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152367

Title: Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy

Abstract

Uniaxial tensile tests were done on Fe-25Ni-20Cr Austenitic Stainless Steel (Alloy 709) along with in-situ synchrotron measurement at different temperatures (25 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 700 degrees C and 900 degrees C). The X-Ray diffraction data was collected in-situ in order to follow the phases present as well as to derive the dislocation density as a function of strain through peak broadening analysis based on the modified Williamson-Hall method and see how trends are affected as a function of temperature. The XRD data were complemented by TEM and STEM-EDX characterization done on the post-experiment samples to observe the deformed microstructures. Finally, the paper presents a depiction of the tensile behavior of this advanced steel by interpreting the stress-strain curves and the effect of temperature through the information gained by in-situ XRD and TEM observations as well as fractography done ex-situ on the samples tested to rupture.

Authors:

Zhao, Yuchen ^[1]; Cinbiz, Mahmut N. ^[2]; Park, Jun-Sang ^[3]; Almer, Jonathan ^[3]; Kaoumi, Djamel ^[1]

North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP); USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1776793

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1640272

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Nuclear Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 540; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Zhao, Yuchen, Cinbiz, Mahmut N., Park, Jun-Sang, Almer, Jonathan, and Kaoumi, Djamel. Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152367.

Copy to clipboard


                    Zhao, Yuchen, Cinbiz, Mahmut N., Park, Jun-Sang, Almer, Jonathan, & Kaoumi, Djamel. Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152367

Copy to clipboard


                    Zhao, Yuchen, Cinbiz, Mahmut N., Park, Jun-Sang, Almer, Jonathan, and Kaoumi, Djamel. Tue .  
"Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152367.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1776793.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1776793,

  title        = {Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy},

  author       = {Zhao, Yuchen and Cinbiz, Mahmut N. and Park, Jun-Sang and Almer, Jonathan and Kaoumi, Djamel},

  abstractNote = {Uniaxial tensile tests were done on Fe-25Ni-20Cr Austenitic Stainless Steel (Alloy 709) along with in-situ synchrotron measurement at different temperatures (25 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 700 degrees C and 900 degrees C). The X-Ray diffraction data was collected in-situ in order to follow the phases present as well as to derive the dislocation density as a function of strain through peak broadening analysis based on the modified Williamson-Hall method and see how trends are affected as a function of temperature. The XRD data were complemented by TEM and STEM-EDX characterization done on the post-experiment samples to observe the deformed microstructures. Finally, the paper presents a depiction of the tensile behavior of this advanced steel by interpreting the stress-strain curves and the effect of temperature through the information gained by in-situ XRD and TEM observations as well as fractography done ex-situ on the samples tested to rupture.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152367},

  journal      = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 540,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Tue Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152367

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Microstructural evolution of Alloy 709 during aging
journal, August 2019

Ding, Rengen; Yan, Jin; Li, Hangyue
Materials Characterization, Vol. 154
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2019.06.018

The contrast factors of dislocations in cubic crystals: the dislocation model of strain anisotropy in practice
journal, October 1999

Ungár, T.; Dragomir, I.; Révész, Á.
Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 32, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1107/S0021889899009334

X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram
journal, January 1953

Williamson, G. K.; Hall, W. H.
Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 1, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(53)90006-6

Dislocation dynamics in the oxide dispersion strengthened alloy INCOLOY MA956
journal, November 1999

Bartsch, M.; Wasilkowska, A.; Czyrska-Filemonowicz, A.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 272, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00471-2

The crystal structure of Cr23C6
journal, October 1972

Bowman, A. L.; Arnold, G. P.; Storms, E. K.
Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1107/S0567740872007526

The Effect of Dislocation Contrast on X-Ray Line Profiles in Untextured Polycrystals
journal, February 1999

Ungár, T.; Tichy, G.
physica status solidi (a), Vol. 171, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-396X(199902)171:2<425::AID-PSSA425>3.0.CO;2-W

The martensite transformation in stainless steel
journal, January 1962

Venables, J. A.
The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 73
DOI: 10.1080/14786436208201856

Characterization of the microstructure in random and textured polycrystals and single crystals by diffraction line profile analysis
journal, November 2010

Ribárik, Gábor; Ungár, Tamás
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 528, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.08.059

Theory of the effect of dynamic strain aging on mechanical properties
journal, July 1975

van den Beukel, A.
Physica Status Solidi (a), Vol. 30, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210300120

Influence of temperature upon dislocation mobility and elastic limit of single crystal HgI2
journal, July 1983

Milstein, F.; Farber, B.; Kim, K.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Vol. 213, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(83)90043-1

Die Nitride des Niobs
journal, October 1952

Brauer, Georg; Jander, Jochen
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Vol. 270, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19522700114

Serrated yielding in an advanced stainless steel Fe-25Ni-20Cr (wt%)
journal, March 2019

Alomari, Abdullah S.; Kumar, N.; Murty, K. L.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 751
DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.02.023

Plastic deformation of ferritic grains in presence of ODS particles and irradiation-induced defect clusters: A 3D dislocation dynamics simulation study
journal, August 2011

Robertson, C.; Gururaj, K.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 415, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.05.049

THE NIOBIUM—NIOBIUM CARBIDE SYSTEM ¹
journal, October 1960

Storms, E. K.; Krikorian, N. H.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 64, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1021/j100839a029

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Conditions on Stacking Fault Energy for Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel
journal, August 2013

Yonezawa, Toshio; Suzuki, Ken; Ooki, Suguru
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 44, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-013-1943-0

Current issues in recrystallization: a review
journal, November 1997

Doherty, R. D.; Hughes, D. A.; Humphreys, F. J.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 238, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00424-3

A general mechanism of martensitic nucleation: Part I. General concepts and the FCC → HCP transformation
journal, December 1976

Olson, G. B.; Cohen, Morris
Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 7, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/BF02659822

Dislocation Mobility in Crystals
journal, October 1965

Gilman, J. J.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.1702950

Density-functional study of bulk and surface properties of titanium nitride using different exchange-correlation functionals
journal, July 2000

Marlo, M.; Milman, V.
Physical Review B, Vol. 62, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.2899

X-ray diffraction line broadening: modeling and applications to high-Tc superconductors
journal, May 1993

Balzar, D.
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol. 98, Issue 3
DOI: 10.6028/jres.098.026

GSAS-II : the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package
journal, March 2013

Toby, Brian H.; Von Dreele, Robert B.
Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 46, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1107/S0021889813003531

Characterization of Austenitic Stainless Steels Deformed at Elevated Temperature
journal, July 2017

Calmunger, Mattias; Chai, Guocai; Eriksson, Robert
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 48, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-017-4212-9

Elastoplastic deformation of 316 stainless steel under tensile loading at elevated temperatures
journal, June 2006

Daymond, M. R.; Bouchard, P. J.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 37, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-006-0129-4

A mechanism for the strain-induced nucleation of martensitic transformations
journal, July 1972

Olson, G. B.; Cohen, Morris
Journal of the Less Common Metals, Vol. 28, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(72)90173-7

Physical Properties of the NbC Carbide
journal, October 2016

Cuppari, Marcio; Santos, Sydney
Metals, Vol. 6, Issue 10
DOI: 10.3390/met6100250

Tensile behaviour of 316LN stainless steel at elevated temperatures
journal, May 2014

Pei, H. X.; Zhang, H. L.; Wang, L. X.
Materials at High Temperatures, Vol. 31, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1179/1878641314Y.0000000014

Deformation induced martensitic transformation in 304 austenitic stainless steel: In-situ vs. ex-situ transmission electron microscopy characterization
journal, February 2018

Kaoumi, Djamel; Liu, Junliang
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 715
DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.12.036

Stress and temperature dependence of screw dislocation mobility in $α$ -Fe by molecular dynamics
journal, November 2011

Gilbert, M. R.; Queyreau, S.; Marian, J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.174103

Densities and character of dislocations and size-distribution of subgrains in deformed metals by X-ray diffraction profile analysis
journal, December 2001

Ungár, T.; Gubicza, J.; Hanák, P.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 319-321
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01025-5

Computer program ANIZC for the calculation of diffraction contrast factors of dislocations in elastically anisotropic cubic, hexagonal and trigonal crystals
journal, January 2003

Borbély, András; Dragomir-Cernatescu, Juliana; Ribárik, Gábor
Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 36, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1107/S0021889802021581

Cold-worked state and annealing behaviour of austenitic stainless steel
journal, March 1982

Yang, S. W.; Spruiell, J. E.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 17, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/BF00540364

Crystal structure and lattice distortion of γ-NbN _x and δ-NbN _x
journal, November 1980

Heger, G.; Baumgartner, O.
Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 32
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/13/32/008

Creep inhibition at grain boundaries in a stainless steel
journal, December 1978

Horsewell, A.
Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 9, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/BF02663418

Stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic stainless steels
journal, July 1975

Schramm, R. E.; Reed, R. P.
Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 6, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1007/BF02641927

The effect of dislocation contrast on x‐ray line broadening: A new approach to line profile analysis
journal, November 1996

Ungár, T.; Borbély, A.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1063/1.117951

Comparison of X-ray analysis methods used to determine the grain size and strain in nanocrystalline materials
journal, August 1999

Tian, H. H.; Atzmon, M.
Philosophical Magazine A, Vol. 79, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1080/01418619908210391

Deformation microstructure and tensile properties of Alloy 709 at different temperatures
journal, August 2019

Ding, Rengen; Yan, Jin; Li, Hangyue
Materials & Design, Vol. 176
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107843

Creep Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of a Fe-20Cr-25Ni (Mass Percent) Austenitic Stainless Steel (Alloy 709) at Elevated Temperatures
journal, November 2018

Alomari, Abdullah S.; Kumar, N.; Murty, K. L.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 50, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-018-5044-y

The evolution of internal stress and dislocation during tensile deformation in a 9Cr ferritic/martensitic (F/M) ODS steel investigated by high-energy X-rays
journal, December 2015

Zhang, Guangming; Zhou, Zhangjian; Mo, Kun
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 467
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.09.014

X-ray evaluation of dislocation density in ODS-Eurofer steel
journal, February 2012

Renzetti, R. A.; Sandim, H. R. Z.; Bolmaro, R. E.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 534
DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.051

Evaluation of the dislocation density and dislocation character in cold rolled Type 304 steel determined by profile analysis of X-ray diffraction
journal, June 2011

Shintani, Takashi; Murata, Yoshinori
Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.03.055

Asymmetric X-ray line broadening of plastically deformed crystals. I. Theory
journal, February 1988

Groma, I.; Ungár, T.; Wilkens, M.
Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 21, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1107/S0021889887009178

Tailoring plasticity of austenitic stainless steels for nuclear applications: Review of mechanisms controlling plasticity of austenitic steels below 400 °C
journal, July 2016

Meric de Bellefon, G.; van Duysen, J. C.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 475
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.04.015

Enhanced ductility in dynamic strain aging regime in a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel
journal, June 2018

Alomari, Abdullah S.; Kumar, N.; Murty, K. L.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 729
DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.05.060

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Microstructural evolution in Fe-20Cr-25Ni austenitic alloys under proton irradiation at 670 ºC

Conference Chen, Tianyi ; Tan, Lizhen ; Sridharan, K.

Austenitic stainless steels (SSs) are widely used in different components of nuclear plants. The NF709 (20Cr-25Ni-1.5MoTiNb) class of alloy was recently selected for development as a candidate structural material for sodium-cooled fast reactors due to its improved creep and corrosion resistance compared with 300-series austenitic SSs. This requires new understanding of the radiation response of the 709 class alloys. In this study, we correlated the mechanical changes with the proton-induced microstructural and chemical evolutions of a 20Cr-25Ni model alloy M709 and a 20Cr-25Ni-1.5MoNb alloy A709. The irradiation was conducted using 2 MeV protons at 670 ± 20 ºC to achievemore »« less
Full Text Available
Serrated Yielding in Alloy 709 at 500 deg. C

Journal Article Alomari, A. S. ; Kumar, N. ; Murty, K. L. - Transactions of the American Nuclear Society

Gen-IV nuclear power reactors are being designed to improve the efficiency, safety, reliability, and lifetime in comparison with the current fleet of nuclear power reactors. Hence, candidate structural materials for Gen-IV reactors need to have superior mechanical properties to withstand harsh reactor conditions including higher operating temperature, higher radiation dose, and extremely corrosive environment. Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) is one of the Gen-IV reactor concepts and it has a high technology readiness level for deployment. It uses liquid sodium as coolant and fast neutron spectrum to induce fission with core outlet temperature of no higher than 550 deg. C. Inmore »« less
A study of microstructural evolution of Fe-18Cr-8Ni, Fe-17Cr-12Ni, and Fe-20Cr-25Ni stainless steels after mechanical alloying and annealing

Journal Article Kotan, Hasan ; Darling, Kris A. - Materials Characterization

In this study, high-energy mechanical alloying technique was used to produce nanocrystalline stainless steels of three different compositions from elemental powders. The microstructural evolution (grain growth and phase transformation) as a function of alloy compositions and annealing temperatures were investigated by room and high temperature x-ray diffraction experiments, transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam microscopy. The results revealed that stainless steels with low nickel content (i.e., Fe-18Cr-8Ni) underwent a deformation-induced martensitic transformation during room temperature mechanical alloying. Deformation-induced martensitic transformation with increasing nickel content (i.e., Fe-17Cr-12Ni and Fe-20Cr-25Ni) would not be possible by room temperature milling but was createdmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHAR.2018.02.001
Characterization of Alloy 709 Commercial Heats

Program Document Song, Rongjie ; McMurtrey, Michael D ; Clement, Caleb D.

The creep-resistant austenitic stainless steel Alloy 709 (Fe-20Cr-25Ni (wt%) based steel) is being investigated as a candidate structural material for the next generation of advanced reactors. Unlike conventional solid solution strengthened austenitic stainless steels, Alloy 709 develops a variety of precipitates during aging at different temperatures and times. In this study, precipitate evolution during short-term aging at 775°C was characterized. The effect of aging time (e.g., 10 vs. 100 hours) and cooling after aging (e.g., water quench vs. air cool) on grain size and precipitates have been investigated using light optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopymore »« less
Full Text Available
Isothermal annealing behaviour of nuclear grade 20Cr-25Ni austenitic stainless steel

Journal Article Barcellini, Chiara ; Dumbill, Simon ; Jimenez-Melero, Enrique - Materials Characterization

Highlights: • At 930 °C recrystallisation of deformed 20/25 Nb steel is completed after 120 s. • Recrystallisation proceeds by strain induced boundary migration. • An increase of cube oriented grains at the expense of S oriented is observed. • The boundary migration induced the precipitation of niobium carbides. • The grain size is limited by the particle dispersion according to Zener pinning. - Abstract: We have performed an in-depth characterisation of the microstructure evolution of 20Cr-25Ni Nb-stabilised austenitic stainless steel during isothermal annealing at 930 °C using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This steel grade is used as claddingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHAR.2018.08.057

Similar Records

Title: Tensile behavior and microstructural evolution of a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel (alloy 709) from room to elevated temperatures through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization and transmission electron microscopy

Abstract

Citation Formats

Microstructural evolution of Alloy 709 during aging journal, August 2019

The contrast factors of dislocations in cubic crystals: the dislocation model of strain anisotropy in practice journal, October 1999

X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram journal, January 1953

Dislocation dynamics in the oxide dispersion strengthened alloy INCOLOY MA956 journal, November 1999

The crystal structure of Cr23C6 journal, October 1972

The Effect of Dislocation Contrast on X-Ray Line Profiles in Untextured Polycrystals journal, February 1999

The martensite transformation in stainless steel journal, January 1962

Characterization of the microstructure in random and textured polycrystals and single crystals by diffraction line profile analysis journal, November 2010

Theory of the effect of dynamic strain aging on mechanical properties journal, July 1975

Influence of temperature upon dislocation mobility and elastic limit of single crystal HgI2 journal, July 1983

Die Nitride des Niobs journal, October 1952

Serrated yielding in an advanced stainless steel Fe-25Ni-20Cr (wt%) journal, March 2019

Plastic deformation of ferritic grains in presence of ODS particles and irradiation-induced defect clusters: A 3D dislocation dynamics simulation study journal, August 2011

THE NIOBIUM—NIOBIUM CARBIDE SYSTEM 1 journal, October 1960

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Conditions on Stacking Fault Energy for Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel journal, August 2013

Current issues in recrystallization: a review journal, November 1997

A general mechanism of martensitic nucleation: Part I. General concepts and the FCC → HCP transformation journal, December 1976

Dislocation Mobility in Crystals journal, October 1965

Density-functional study of bulk and surface properties of titanium nitride using different exchange-correlation functionals journal, July 2000

X-ray diffraction line broadening: modeling and applications to high-Tc superconductors journal, May 1993

GSAS-II : the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package journal, March 2013

Characterization of Austenitic Stainless Steels Deformed at Elevated Temperature journal, July 2017

Elastoplastic deformation of 316 stainless steel under tensile loading at elevated temperatures journal, June 2006

A mechanism for the strain-induced nucleation of martensitic transformations journal, July 1972

Physical Properties of the NbC Carbide journal, October 2016

Tensile behaviour of 316LN stainless steel at elevated temperatures journal, May 2014

Deformation induced martensitic transformation in 304 austenitic stainless steel: In-situ vs. ex-situ transmission electron microscopy characterization journal, February 2018

Stress and temperature dependence of screw dislocation mobility in α -Fe by molecular dynamics journal, November 2011

Densities and character of dislocations and size-distribution of subgrains in deformed metals by X-ray diffraction profile analysis journal, December 2001

Computer program ANIZC for the calculation of diffraction contrast factors of dislocations in elastically anisotropic cubic, hexagonal and trigonal crystals journal, January 2003

Cold-worked state and annealing behaviour of austenitic stainless steel journal, March 1982

Crystal structure and lattice distortion of γ-NbN x and δ-NbN x journal, November 1980

Creep inhibition at grain boundaries in a stainless steel journal, December 1978

Stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic stainless steels journal, July 1975

The effect of dislocation contrast on x‐ray line broadening: A new approach to line profile analysis journal, November 1996

Comparison of X-ray analysis methods used to determine the grain size and strain in nanocrystalline materials journal, August 1999

Deformation microstructure and tensile properties of Alloy 709 at different temperatures journal, August 2019

Creep Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of a Fe-20Cr-25Ni (Mass Percent) Austenitic Stainless Steel (Alloy 709) at Elevated Temperatures journal, November 2018

The evolution of internal stress and dislocation during tensile deformation in a 9Cr ferritic/martensitic (F/M) ODS steel investigated by high-energy X-rays journal, December 2015

X-ray evaluation of dislocation density in ODS-Eurofer steel journal, February 2012

Evaluation of the dislocation density and dislocation character in cold rolled Type 304 steel determined by profile analysis of X-ray diffraction journal, June 2011

Asymmetric X-ray line broadening of plastically deformed crystals. I. Theory journal, February 1988

Tailoring plasticity of austenitic stainless steels for nuclear applications: Review of mechanisms controlling plasticity of austenitic steels below 400 °C journal, July 2016

Enhanced ductility in dynamic strain aging regime in a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel journal, June 2018

Microstructural evolution of Alloy 709 during aging
journal, August 2019

The contrast factors of dislocations in cubic crystals: the dislocation model of strain anisotropy in practice
journal, October 1999

X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram
journal, January 1953

Dislocation dynamics in the oxide dispersion strengthened alloy INCOLOY MA956
journal, November 1999

The crystal structure of Cr23C6
journal, October 1972

The Effect of Dislocation Contrast on X-Ray Line Profiles in Untextured Polycrystals
journal, February 1999

The martensite transformation in stainless steel
journal, January 1962

Characterization of the microstructure in random and textured polycrystals and single crystals by diffraction line profile analysis
journal, November 2010

Theory of the effect of dynamic strain aging on mechanical properties
journal, July 1975

Influence of temperature upon dislocation mobility and elastic limit of single crystal HgI2
journal, July 1983

Die Nitride des Niobs
journal, October 1952

Serrated yielding in an advanced stainless steel Fe-25Ni-20Cr (wt%)
journal, March 2019

Plastic deformation of ferritic grains in presence of ODS particles and irradiation-induced defect clusters: A 3D dislocation dynamics simulation study
journal, August 2011

THE NIOBIUM—NIOBIUM CARBIDE SYSTEM ¹
journal, October 1960

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Conditions on Stacking Fault Energy for Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel
journal, August 2013

Current issues in recrystallization: a review
journal, November 1997

A general mechanism of martensitic nucleation: Part I. General concepts and the FCC → HCP transformation
journal, December 1976

Dislocation Mobility in Crystals
journal, October 1965

Density-functional study of bulk and surface properties of titanium nitride using different exchange-correlation functionals
journal, July 2000

X-ray diffraction line broadening: modeling and applications to high-Tc superconductors
journal, May 1993

GSAS-II : the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package
journal, March 2013

Characterization of Austenitic Stainless Steels Deformed at Elevated Temperature
journal, July 2017

Elastoplastic deformation of 316 stainless steel under tensile loading at elevated temperatures
journal, June 2006

A mechanism for the strain-induced nucleation of martensitic transformations
journal, July 1972

Physical Properties of the NbC Carbide
journal, October 2016

Tensile behaviour of 316LN stainless steel at elevated temperatures
journal, May 2014

Deformation induced martensitic transformation in 304 austenitic stainless steel: In-situ vs. ex-situ transmission electron microscopy characterization
journal, February 2018

Stress and temperature dependence of screw dislocation mobility in $α$ -Fe by molecular dynamics
journal, November 2011

Densities and character of dislocations and size-distribution of subgrains in deformed metals by X-ray diffraction profile analysis
journal, December 2001

Computer program ANIZC for the calculation of diffraction contrast factors of dislocations in elastically anisotropic cubic, hexagonal and trigonal crystals
journal, January 2003

Cold-worked state and annealing behaviour of austenitic stainless steel
journal, March 1982

Crystal structure and lattice distortion of γ-NbN _x and δ-NbN _x
journal, November 1980

Creep inhibition at grain boundaries in a stainless steel
journal, December 1978

Stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic stainless steels
journal, July 1975

The effect of dislocation contrast on x‐ray line broadening: A new approach to line profile analysis
journal, November 1996

Comparison of X-ray analysis methods used to determine the grain size and strain in nanocrystalline materials
journal, August 1999

Deformation microstructure and tensile properties of Alloy 709 at different temperatures
journal, August 2019

Creep Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of a Fe-20Cr-25Ni (Mass Percent) Austenitic Stainless Steel (Alloy 709) at Elevated Temperatures
journal, November 2018

The evolution of internal stress and dislocation during tensile deformation in a 9Cr ferritic/martensitic (F/M) ODS steel investigated by high-energy X-rays
journal, December 2015

X-ray evaluation of dislocation density in ODS-Eurofer steel
journal, February 2012

Evaluation of the dislocation density and dislocation character in cold rolled Type 304 steel determined by profile analysis of X-ray diffraction
journal, June 2011

Asymmetric X-ray line broadening of plastically deformed crystals. I. Theory
journal, February 1988

Tailoring plasticity of austenitic stainless steels for nuclear applications: Review of mechanisms controlling plasticity of austenitic steels below 400 °C
journal, July 2016

Enhanced ductility in dynamic strain aging regime in a Fe-25Ni-20Cr austenitic stainless steel
journal, June 2018