Visualizing functional dynamicity in the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme DNA-PK complex by integrating SAXS with cryo-EM
Abstract
Assembly of KU and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) forms DNA-PK holoenzyme as a critical initiating step for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DSBs produced by radiation and chemotherapies. Advanced cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging together with breakthrough macromolecular X-ray crystal (MX) structures of KU and DNA-PKcs recently enabled visualization of the ~600 kDa DNA-PK assembly at near atomic resolution. These important static structures provide the foundation for definition and interpretation of functional movements crucial to mechanistic understanding that can be tested through solution state structure analysis. We herein therefore leverage Cryo-EM and MX structures for the interpretation of synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data on DNA-PK conformations in solution to inform the structural mechanism for NHEJ initiation. SAXS, which measures thermodynamic solution-state conformational states and assemblies outside of cryo- and solid-state conditions, unveils the inherent flexibility of KU, DNA-PKcs and DNA-PK. The combined structural measurements reveal mobility of KU80 C-terminal region (KU80CTR), motion/plasticity of HEAT (DNA-PKcs Huntingtin, Elongation Factor 3, PP2 A, and TOR1) regions, allosteric switching upon DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation, and dimeric arrangements of DNA-PK assembly. Importantly, the results uncover displacement of the N-terminal HEAT domain during autophosphorylation as suitable for a regulatedmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1769492
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1813417
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology Journal Volume: 163 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0079-6107
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Structural dynamics; X-ray scattering; Cryo-electron microscopy; Genome stability; DNA break Repair
Citation Formats
Hammel, Michal, Rosenberg, Daniel J., Bierma, Jan, Hura, Gregory L., Thapar, Roopa, Lees-Miller, Susan P., and Tainer, John A. Visualizing functional dynamicity in the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme DNA-PK complex by integrating SAXS with cryo-EM. United Kingdom: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.09.003.
Hammel, Michal, Rosenberg, Daniel J., Bierma, Jan, Hura, Gregory L., Thapar, Roopa, Lees-Miller, Susan P., & Tainer, John A. Visualizing functional dynamicity in the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme DNA-PK complex by integrating SAXS with cryo-EM. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.09.003
Hammel, Michal, Rosenberg, Daniel J., Bierma, Jan, Hura, Gregory L., Thapar, Roopa, Lees-Miller, Susan P., and Tainer, John A. Sun .
"Visualizing functional dynamicity in the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme DNA-PK complex by integrating SAXS with cryo-EM". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.09.003.
@article{osti_1769492,
title = {Visualizing functional dynamicity in the DNA-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme DNA-PK complex by integrating SAXS with cryo-EM},
author = {Hammel, Michal and Rosenberg, Daniel J. and Bierma, Jan and Hura, Gregory L. and Thapar, Roopa and Lees-Miller, Susan P. and Tainer, John A.},
abstractNote = {Assembly of KU and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) forms DNA-PK holoenzyme as a critical initiating step for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DSBs produced by radiation and chemotherapies. Advanced cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging together with breakthrough macromolecular X-ray crystal (MX) structures of KU and DNA-PKcs recently enabled visualization of the ~600 kDa DNA-PK assembly at near atomic resolution. These important static structures provide the foundation for definition and interpretation of functional movements crucial to mechanistic understanding that can be tested through solution state structure analysis. We herein therefore leverage Cryo-EM and MX structures for the interpretation of synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data on DNA-PK conformations in solution to inform the structural mechanism for NHEJ initiation. SAXS, which measures thermodynamic solution-state conformational states and assemblies outside of cryo- and solid-state conditions, unveils the inherent flexibility of KU, DNA-PKcs and DNA-PK. The combined structural measurements reveal mobility of KU80 C-terminal region (KU80CTR), motion/plasticity of HEAT (DNA-PKcs Huntingtin, Elongation Factor 3, PP2 A, and TOR1) regions, allosteric switching upon DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation, and dimeric arrangements of DNA-PK assembly. Importantly, the results uncover displacement of the N-terminal HEAT domain during autophosphorylation as suitable for a regulated release mechanism of DNA-PKcs from DNA-PK to control unproductive access to toxic and mutagenic DNA repair intermediates. These integrated analyses show that the marriage of SAXS with cryo-EM leverages the strengths of both techniques to enable assessment of functional conformations and flexibility defining atomic-resolution molecular mechanisms for DSB repair.},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.09.003},
journal = {Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology},
number = C,
volume = 163,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Sun Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Sun Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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