Colloquium: Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond

Ortiz, Antonio; Nisoli, Cristiano; Reichhardt, Cynthia Jane; Reichhardt, Charles; Tierno, Pietro

doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.91.041003

Title: Colloquium: Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond

Journal Article · 29 December 2019 · Reviews of Modern Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.91.041003 · OSTI ID:1768541

Ortiz, Antonio ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Tierno, Pietro ^[1]

Univ. of Barcelona (Spain)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Geometric frustration and the ice rule are two concepts that are intimately connected and widespread across condensed matter. The first refers to the inability of a system to satisfy competing interactions in the presence of spatial constraints. The second, in its more general sense, represents a prescription for the minimization of the topological charges in a constrained system. Both can lead to manifolds of high susceptibility and nontrivial, constrained disorder where exotic behaviors can appear and even be designed deliberately. This Colloquium describes the emergence of geometric frustration and the ice rule in soft condensed matter. It excludes the extensive developments of mathematical physics within the field of geometric frustration, but rather focuses on systems of confined microscopic or mesoscopic particles that emerge as a novel paradigm exhibiting spin degrees of freedom. In such systems, geometric frustration can be engineered artificially by controlling the spatial topology and geometry of the lattice, the position of the individual particle units, or their relative filling fraction. These capabilities enable the creation of novel and exotic phases of matter and also potentially lead toward technological applications related to memory and logic devices that are based on the motion of topological defects. The rapid progress in theory and experiments is reviewed and the intimate physical connections with other frustrated systems at different length scales are discussed.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1768541

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-25339

Journal Information:: Reviews of Modern Physics, Journal Name: Reviews of Modern Physics Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 91; ISSN 0034-6861

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Applications of soft matter
Colloids
Frustrated magnetism
Geometric & topological phases
Liquid crystals
Material Science
Skyrmions
Spin glasses
Superconductors

Title: Colloquium: Ice rule and emergent frustration in particle ice and beyond

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