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Title: The host galaxies of 106 rapidly evolving transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey

Abstract

Rapidly evolving transients (RETs), also termed fast blue optical transients, are a recently discovered group of astrophysical events that display rapid luminosity evolution. RETs typically rise to peak in less than 10 d and fade within 30, a time-scale unlikely to be compatible with the decay of Nickel-56 that drives conventional supernovae (SNe). Their peak luminosity spans a range of -15 < Mg < -22.5, with some events observed at redshifts greater than 1. Their evolution on fast time-scales has hindered high-quality follow-up observations, and thus their origin and explosion/emission mechanism remains unexplained. In this paper, we present the largest sample of RETs to date, comprising 106 objects discovered by the Dark Energy Survey, and perform the most comprehensive analysis of RET host galaxies. Using deep-stacked photometry and emission lines from OzDES spectroscopy, we derive stellar masses and star formation rates (SFRs) for 49 host galaxies, and metallicities ([O/H]) for 37. Here, we find that RETs explode exclusively in star-forming galaxies and are thus likely associated with massive stars. Comparing RET hosts to samples of host galaxies of other explosive transients as well as field galaxies, we find that RETs prefer galaxies with high specific SFRs ($$\langle$$log(sSFR)$$\rangle$$ ~ -9.6), indicating a link to young stellar populations, similar to stripped-envelope SNe. RET hosts appear to show a lack of chemical enrichment, their metallicities akin to long-duration gamma-ray bursts and superluminous SN host galaxies ($$\langle$$12+ log (O/H)$$\rangle$$ ~ 9.4). There are no clear relationships between mass or SFR of the host galaxies and the peak magnitudes or decline rates of the transients themselves.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [1];  [6];  [2];  [2];  [7];  [5];  [1];  [8];  [9];  [10]; ORCiD logo [11];  [1] more »;  [2];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [14];  [17];  [7];  [25];  [26];  [27];  [25];  [28];  [29];  [21];  [24];  [14];  [7];  [30];  [31];  [32];  [14];  [13];  [24];  [33];  [34];  [21];  [35];  [26];  [36];  [37];  [16];  [19];  [14];  [38];  [25];  [19];  [4];  [39];  [40];  [38];  [4];  [14];  [41];  [12] « less
  1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
  2. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
  3. PITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
  4. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
  5. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
  6. Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
  7. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
  8. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  9. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
  10. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
  11. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
  12. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
  13. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil;Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
  14. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
  15. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France;Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
  16. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
  17. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
  18. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
  19. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
  20. INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
  21. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
  22. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  23. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy;Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
  24. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil;Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
  25. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain;Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
  26. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
  27. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
  28. Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
  29. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  30. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  31. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  32. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia;Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
  33. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
  34. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  35. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
  36. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA;Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
  37. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
  38. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  39. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
  40. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
  41. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany;Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 München, Germany
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (United Kingdom); European Research Council (ERC); European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER); National Science Foundation (NSF); Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT); Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1706144
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1768044; OSTI ID: 1783771; OSTI ID: 1819569
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-20-206-AE; DES-2020-0534; arXiv:2005.08653
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; oai:inspirehep.net:1823375
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; ST/R000506/1; ST/P006760/1; AST-1536171; AST-1138766; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; FPA2015-68048; ESP2015-66861; AYA2015-71825; 291329; 240672; 306478; 465376/2014-2; SC0019193
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 498; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; transients: supernovae; galaxies: star formation; galaxies: abundances; galaxies: photometry

Citation Formats

Wiseman, P., Pursiainen, M., Childress, M., Swann, E., Smith, M., Galbany, L., Lidman, C., Davis, T. M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Möller, A., Thomas, B. P., Frohmaier, C., Foley, R. J., Hinton, S. R., Kelsey, L., Kessler, R., Lewis, G. F., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Sullivan, M., Vincenzi, M., Abbott, T. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carollo, D., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Glazebrook, K., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sommer, N. E., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, B. E., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., and Walker, A. R. The host galaxies of 106 rapidly evolving transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2474.
Wiseman, P., Pursiainen, M., Childress, M., Swann, E., Smith, M., Galbany, L., Lidman, C., Davis, T. M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Möller, A., Thomas, B. P., Frohmaier, C., Foley, R. J., Hinton, S. R., Kelsey, L., Kessler, R., Lewis, G. F., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Sullivan, M., Vincenzi, M., Abbott, T. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carollo, D., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Glazebrook, K., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sommer, N. E., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, B. E., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., & Walker, A. R. The host galaxies of 106 rapidly evolving transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2474
Wiseman, P., Pursiainen, M., Childress, M., Swann, E., Smith, M., Galbany, L., Lidman, C., Davis, T. M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Möller, A., Thomas, B. P., Frohmaier, C., Foley, R. J., Hinton, S. R., Kelsey, L., Kessler, R., Lewis, G. F., Sako, M., Scolnic, D., Sullivan, M., Vincenzi, M., Abbott, T. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carollo, D., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Glazebrook, K., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sommer, N. E., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. C., Tarle, G., Tucker, B. E., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., and Walker, A. R. Mon . "The host galaxies of 106 rapidly evolving transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2474. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1706144.
@article{osti_1706144,
title = {The host galaxies of 106 rapidly evolving transients discovered by the Dark Energy Survey},
author = {Wiseman, P. and Pursiainen, M. and Childress, M. and Swann, E. and Smith, M. and Galbany, L. and Lidman, C. and Davis, T. M. and Gutiérrez, C. P. and Möller, A. and Thomas, B. P. and Frohmaier, C. and Foley, R. J. and Hinton, S. R. and Kelsey, L. and Kessler, R. and Lewis, G. F. and Sako, M. and Scolnic, D. and Sullivan, M. and Vincenzi, M. and Abbott, T. C. and Aguena, M. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Bertin, E. and Bhargava, S. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Carnero Rosell, A. and Carollo, D. and Carrasco Kind, M. and Carretero, J. and Costanzi, M. and da Costa, L. N. and Diehl, H. T. and Doel, P. and Everett, S. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Glazebrook, K. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kuehn, K. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lima, M. and Maia, M. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Martini, P. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Palmese, A. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Romer, A. K. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Sommer, N. E. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. C. and Tarle, G. and Tucker, B. E. and Tucker, D. L. and Varga, T. N. and Walker, A. R.},
abstractNote = {Rapidly evolving transients (RETs), also termed fast blue optical transients, are a recently discovered group of astrophysical events that display rapid luminosity evolution. RETs typically rise to peak in less than 10 d and fade within 30, a time-scale unlikely to be compatible with the decay of Nickel-56 that drives conventional supernovae (SNe). Their peak luminosity spans a range of -15 < Mg < -22.5, with some events observed at redshifts greater than 1. Their evolution on fast time-scales has hindered high-quality follow-up observations, and thus their origin and explosion/emission mechanism remains unexplained. In this paper, we present the largest sample of RETs to date, comprising 106 objects discovered by the Dark Energy Survey, and perform the most comprehensive analysis of RET host galaxies. Using deep-stacked photometry and emission lines from OzDES spectroscopy, we derive stellar masses and star formation rates (SFRs) for 49 host galaxies, and metallicities ([O/H]) for 37. Here, we find that RETs explode exclusively in star-forming galaxies and are thus likely associated with massive stars. Comparing RET hosts to samples of host galaxies of other explosive transients as well as field galaxies, we find that RETs prefer galaxies with high specific SFRs ($\langle$log(sSFR)$\rangle$ ~ -9.6), indicating a link to young stellar populations, similar to stripped-envelope SNe. RET hosts appear to show a lack of chemical enrichment, their metallicities akin to long-duration gamma-ray bursts and superluminous SN host galaxies ($\langle$12+ log (O/H)$\rangle$ ~ 9.4). There are no clear relationships between mass or SFR of the host galaxies and the peak magnitudes or decline rates of the transients themselves.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa2474},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 498,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

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