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Title: Resonant and random excitations on the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider for active halo control with pulsed hollow electron lenses

Abstract

We present the results of numerical simulations and experimental studies about the effects of resonant and random excitations on proton losses, emittances, and beam distributions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition to shedding light on complex nonlinear effects, these studies are applied to the design of hollow electron lenses (HEL) for active beam halo control. In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), a considerable amount of energy will be stored in the beam tails. To control and clean the beam halo, the installation of two hollow electron lenses, one per beam, is being considered. In standard electron-lens operation, a proton bunch sees the same electron current at every revolution. Pulsed electron beam operation (i.e., different currents for different turns) is also considered, because it can widen the range of achievable halo removal rates. For an axially symmetric electron beam, only protons in the halo are excited. If a residual field is present at the location of the beam core, these particles are exposed to time-dependent transverse kicks and to noise. We discuss the numerical simulations and the experiments conducted in 2016 and 2017 at injection energy in the LHC. The excitation patterns were generated by the transverse feedbackmore » and damping system, which acted as a flexible source of dipole kicks. Proton beam losses, emittances, and transverse distributions were recorded as a function of excitation patterns and strengths. The resonant excitations induced rich dynamical effects and nontrivial changes of the beam distributions, which, to our knowledge, have not previously been observed and studied in this detail. We conclude with a discussion of the tolerable and achievable residual fields and proposals for further studies.« less

Authors:
; ORCiD logo; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
OSTI Identifier:
1765412
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1437295; OSTI ID: 1765129
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-18-084-AD-APC; FERMILAB-PUB-21-008-AD; arXiv:1804.07418
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888; PRABCJ; 021001
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; 284404
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Journal Volume: 24 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; High-energy accelerators and colliders; Nonlinear beam dynamics; Beam resonances; Beam control; Collimation

Citation Formats

Fitterer, Miriam, Stancari, Giulio, Valishev, Alexander, Redaelli, Stefano, and Valuch, Daniel. Resonant and random excitations on the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider for active halo control with pulsed hollow electron lenses. United States: N. p., 2021. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.021001.
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Fitterer, Miriam, Stancari, Giulio, Valishev, Alexander, Redaelli, Stefano, & Valuch, Daniel. Resonant and random excitations on the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider for active halo control with pulsed hollow electron lenses. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.021001
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Fitterer, Miriam, Stancari, Giulio, Valishev, Alexander, Redaelli, Stefano, and Valuch, Daniel. Thu . "Resonant and random excitations on the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider for active halo control with pulsed hollow electron lenses". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.021001.
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@article{osti_1765412,
title = {Resonant and random excitations on the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider for active halo control with pulsed hollow electron lenses},
author = {Fitterer, Miriam and Stancari, Giulio and Valishev, Alexander and Redaelli, Stefano and Valuch, Daniel},
abstractNote = {We present the results of numerical simulations and experimental studies about the effects of resonant and random excitations on proton losses, emittances, and beam distributions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition to shedding light on complex nonlinear effects, these studies are applied to the design of hollow electron lenses (HEL) for active beam halo control. In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), a considerable amount of energy will be stored in the beam tails. To control and clean the beam halo, the installation of two hollow electron lenses, one per beam, is being considered. In standard electron-lens operation, a proton bunch sees the same electron current at every revolution. Pulsed electron beam operation (i.e., different currents for different turns) is also considered, because it can widen the range of achievable halo removal rates. For an axially symmetric electron beam, only protons in the halo are excited. If a residual field is present at the location of the beam core, these particles are exposed to time-dependent transverse kicks and to noise. We discuss the numerical simulations and the experiments conducted in 2016 and 2017 at injection energy in the LHC. The excitation patterns were generated by the transverse feedback and damping system, which acted as a flexible source of dipole kicks. Proton beam losses, emittances, and transverse distributions were recorded as a function of excitation patterns and strengths. The resonant excitations induced rich dynamical effects and nontrivial changes of the beam distributions, which, to our knowledge, have not previously been observed and studied in this detail. We conclude with a discussion of the tolerable and achievable residual fields and proposals for further studies.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.021001},
journal = {Physical Review Accelerators and Beams},
number = 2,
volume = 24,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Thu Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.021001
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