DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Modeling the immune response to HIV infection

Journal Article · · Current Opinion in Systems Biology
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

The interplay between immune response and HIV is intensely studied via mathematical modeling, with significant insights but few direct answers. Here in this short review, we highlight advances and knowledge gaps across different aspects of immunity. In particular, we identify the innate immune response and its role in priming the adaptive response as ripe for modeling. The latter have been the focus of most modeling studies, but we also synthesize key outstanding questions regarding effector mechanisms of cellular immunity and development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Thus far, most modeling studies aimed to infer general immune mechanisms; we foresee that significant progress will be made next by detailed quantitative fitting of models to data, and prediction of immune responses.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
1764951
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-18-27525
Journal Information:
Current Opinion in Systems Biology, Journal Name: Current Opinion in Systems Biology Vol. 12; ISSN 2452-3100
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (113)

Mechanisms of CD8 + T cell-mediated suppression of HIV/SIV replication journal March 2018
Modeling Deuterated Glucose Labeling of T-lymphocytes journal March 2002
The Disappearing CD4+T Cells in HIV Infection: a Case of Over-stimulation? journal April 1999
Modeling Plasma Virus Concentration during Primary HIV Infection journal April 2000
The Dual Role of CD4 T Helper Cells in the Infection Dynamics of HIV and Their Importance for Vaccination journal February 2002
Defining CTL-Induced Pathology: Implications for HIV journal August 2000
Estimation and Prediction With HIV-Treatment Interruption Data journal January 2007
Controlling IL-7 Injections in HIV-Infected Patients journal August 2018
HIV infection: focus on the innate immune cells journal September 2016
Effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte numbers induced by vaccination should exceed levels in chronic infection for protection from HIV journal October 2001
Lymphocyte kinetics: the interpretation of labelling data journal December 2002
Mathematical models of viral latency journal August 2013
Immune impairment thresholds in HIV infection journal April 2009
Mathematical modeling of viral kinetics under immune control during primary HIV-1 infection journal August 2009
Immune impairment in HIV infection: Existence of risky and immunodeficiency thresholds journal October 2009
Model with two types of CTL regulation and experiments on CTL dynamics journal April 2010
Interpreting the effect of vaccination on steady state infection in animals challenged with Simian immunodeficiency virus journal April 2010
Paradoxical suppression of poly-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies in the presence of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies following HIV infection journal May 2011
HIV evolution and progression of the infection to AIDS journal August 2012
Modeling interleukin-2-based immunotherapy in AIDS pathogenesis journal October 2013
A multi-scale mathematical modeling framework to investigate anti-viral therapeutic opportunities in targeting HIV-1 accessory proteins journal December 2015
T cell and reticular network co-dependence in HIV infection journal April 2016
Rates of HIV immune escape and reversion: implications for vaccination journal December 2008
Model for competition from self during passive immunization, with application to broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV journal January 2012
Estimating the fraction of progeny virions that must incorporate APOBEC3G for suppression of productive HIV-1 infection journal January 2014
Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection journal May 1997
Directly measured kinetics of circulating T lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1-infected humans journal January 1999
Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1 journal March 2003
HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure journal August 2011
Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection journal May 2015
A quantitative basis for antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection journal February 2012
Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases journal October 2017
Prospective Study of Acute HIV-1 Infection in Adults in East Africa and Thailand journal June 2016
Neutralizing antibody responses drive the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope during recent HIV infection journal December 2005
Two types of cytotoxic lymphocyte regulation explain kinetics of immune response to human immunodeficiency virus journal January 2006
Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection journal March 2003
In vivo CD8+ T cell control of immunodeficiency virus infection in humans and macaques journal April 2007
Post-treatment control of HIV infection journal April 2015
Competitive exclusion by autologous antibodies can prevent broad HIV-1 antibodies from arising journal August 2015
Nonlinear partial differential equations and applications: In vivo dynamics of T cell activation, proliferation, and death in HIV-1 infection: Why are CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells depleted? journal November 2002
Early establishment of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells during primary HIV-1 infection journal July 1998
Anti-viral drug treatment along with immune activator IL-2: a control-based mathematical approach for HIV infection journal February 2012
Turnover of CD4 + and CD8 + T Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Infection as Measured by Ki-67 Antigen journal April 1998
Dramatic Rise in Plasma Viremia after CD8 + T Cell Depletion in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Macaques journal March 1999
Increased Turnover of T Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Infection and Its Reduction by Antiretroviral Therapy journal October 2001
Innate Immune Activation in Primary HIV‐1 Infection journal October 2010
Relative Significance of Different Pathways of Immune Reconstitution in HIV Type 1 Infection as Estimated by Mathematical Modeling journal January 2001
Therapeutic Vaccine Against HIV, Viral Variability, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes, and Genetics of Patients journal January 2018
Proof-of-Principle for Immune Control of Global HIV-1 Reactivation In Vivo journal March 2015
Exploring the benefits of antibody immune response in HIV-1 infection using a discrete model journal April 2015
Humoral and Innate Antiviral Immunity as Tools to Clear Persistent HIV Infection journal March 2017
Risks and benefits of structured antiretroviral drug therapy interruptions in HIV-1 infection journal January 2000
Depletion of naive CD4 T cells by CXCR4-using HIV-1 variants occurs mainly through increased T-cell death and activation journal January 2003
Model of HIV-1 Disease Progression Based on Virus-Induced Lymph Node Homing and Homing-Induced Apoptosis of CD4+ Lymphocytes journal January 2000
Model of HIV-1 Disease Progression Based on Virus-Induced Lymph Node Homing and Homing-Induced Apoptosis of CD4+ Lymphocytes journal January 2000
Dynamic models of viral replication and latency journal January 2015
Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies journal January 2018
Therapeutic vaccination for HIV: hopes and challenges journal January 2018
The role of antigenic stimulation and cytotoxic T cell activity in regulating the long–term immunopathogenesis of HIV: mechanisms and clinical implications
  • Frazer, Christophe; Ferguson, Neil M.; Wolf, Frank de
  • Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 268, Issue 1481 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1777
journal October 2001
Estimating average cellular turnover from 5–bromo–2'–deoxyuridine (BrdU) measurements journal April 2003
The race between initial T–helper expansion and virus growth upon HIV infection influences polyclonality of the response and viral set–point journal July 2003
Integrating genealogical and dynamical modelling to infer escape and reversion rates in HIV epitopes journal July 2013
The challenges of modelling antibody repertoire dynamics in HIV infection journal September 2015
The dual role of dendritic cells in the immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection journal September 2008
Identification and specificity of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV journal January 2017
The dynamics of simian immunodeficiency virus after depletion of CD8+ cells journal August 2018
Current best estimates for the average lifespans of mouse and human leukocytes: reviewing two decades of deuterium-labeling experiments journal August 2018
Antigenic diversity thresholds and the development of AIDS journal November 1991
Reduction of HIV Concentration During Acute Infection: Independence from a Specific Immune Response journal January 1996
Notwithstanding Circumstantial Alibis, Cytotoxic T Cells Can Be Major Killers of HIV-1-Infected Cells journal May 2016
Predicting the Impact of CD8+ T Cell Polyfunctionality on HIV Disease Progression journal June 2014
Fitness Costs and Diversity of the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Response Determine the Rate of CTL Escape during Acute and Chronic Phases of HIV Infection journal August 2011
Estimating the Effectiveness of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells from the Dynamics of Viral Immune Escape journal August 2007
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape Mutations Identified by HLA Association Favor Those Which Escape and Revert Rapidly journal June 2012
Rapid Viral Escape at an Immunodominant Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Exacts a Dramatic Fitness Cost journal May 2005
Naïve and Memory Cell Turnover as Drivers of CCR5-to-CXCR4 Tropism Switch in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Implications for Therapy journal January 2006
Naive T-Cell Dynamics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Provide Insights into the Mechanisms of Naive T-Cell Depletion journal February 2006
Control of Human Viral Infections by Natural Killer Cells journal March 2013
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV and Their Role in Vaccine Design journal May 2016
The APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases: An Innate Defensive Network Opposing Exogenous Retroviruses and Endogenous Retroelements journal April 2008
HIV-Specific Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Patients: From a Monoclonal to a Polyclonal View
  • Gallerano, Daniela; Cabauatan, Clarissa R.; Sibanda, Elopy N.
  • International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 167, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1159/000438484
journal January 2015
HIV-1 proviral landscapes distinguish posttreatment controllers from noncontrollers journal August 2018
Closing the gap between T-cell life span estimates from stable isotope-labeling studies in mice and humans journal September 2013
T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: a longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) journal January 2000
Innate immunity against HIV: a priority target for HIV prevention research journal October 2010
Inefficient Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Mediated Killing of HIV-1–Infected Cells In Vivo journal March 2006
Estimating Costs and Benefits of CTL Escape Mutations in SIV/HIV Infection journal March 2006
Dynamics of Immune Escape during HIV/SIV Infection journal July 2008
Modeling Latently Infected Cell Activation: Viral and Latent Reservoir Persistence, and Viral Blips in HIV-infected Patients on Potent Therapy journal October 2009
Estimating the Stoichiometry of HIV Neutralization journal March 2010
Quantification of the Relative Importance of CTL, B Cell, NK Cell, and Target Cell Limitation in the Control of Primary SIV-Infection journal March 2011
The Route of HIV Escape from Immune Response Targeting Multiple Sites Is Determined by the Cost-Benefit Tradeoff of Escape Mutations journal October 2014
Reconciling Estimates of Cell Proliferation from Stable Isotope Labeling Experiments journal October 2015
Broad CTL Response in Early HIV Infection Drives Multiple Concurrent CTL Escapes journal October 2015
Modeling the Slow CD4+ T Cell Decline in HIV-Infected Individuals journal December 2015
Investigating the Consequences of Interference between Multiple CD8+ T Cell Escape Mutations in Early HIV Infection journal February 2016
Structured Observations Reveal Slow HIV-1 CTL Escape journal February 2015
Host-Pathogen Coevolution and the Emergence of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Chronic Infections journal July 2016
Timing of Immune Escape Linked to Success or Failure of Vaccination journal September 2010
Vaccination-Induced Noncytolytic Effects in the Acute Phase of SHIV Infection journal November 2010
Biologically-Directed Modeling Reflects Cytolytic Clearance of SIV-Infected Cells In Vivo in Macaques journal September 2012
APOBEC3G-Augmented Stem Cell Therapy to Modulate HIV Replication: A Computational Study journal May 2013
Vaccination and Timing Influence SIV Immune Escape Viral Dynamics In Vivo journal January 2008
CD8+ T Cell Control of HIV—A Known Unknown journal January 2010
CD8+ Lymphocytes Control Viral Replication in SIVmac239-Infected Rhesus Macaques without Decreasing the Lifespan of Productively Infected Cells journal January 2010
In Vivo CD8+ T-Cell Suppression of SIV Viremia Is Not Mediated by CTL Clearance of Productively Infected Cells journal January 2010
Post-Treatment HIV-1 Controllers with a Long-Term Virological Remission after the Interruption of Early Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study journal March 2013
Optimal Combinations of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for Prevention and Treatment of HIV-1 Clade C Infection journal March 2016
Predicting HIV-1 transmission and antibody neutralization efficacy in vivo from stoichiometric parameters journal May 2017
HIV-1 adaptation to NK cell-mediated immune pressure journal June 2017
Pneumocystis Pneumonia—Los Angeles journal June 2006
The Effect of Interference on the CD8+ T Cell Escape Rates in HIV journal January 2015
Kinetics of HIV-Specific CTL Responses Plays a Minimal Role in Determining HIV Escape Dynamics journal February 2018

Cited By (3)