Gas-Phase Formation of C5H6 Isomers via the Crossed Molecular Beam Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-Butadiene (CH3CHCCH2; X1A')
Abstract
The bimolecular gas-phase reaction of the methylidyne radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-butadiene (CH2CCHCH3; X1A’) was investigated at a collision energy of 20.6 kJ mol-1 under single collision conditions. Combining our laboratory data with high-level electronic structure calculations, we reveal that this bimolecular reaction proceeds through the barrierless addition of the methylidyne radical to the carbon-carbon double bonds of 1,2-butadiene leading to doublet C5H7 intermediates. These collision adducts undergo a non-statistical unimolecular decomposition through atomic hydrogen elimination to at least the cyclic 1-vinyl-cyclopropene (p5/p26), 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopropene (p28), and 1,2-bis(me-thylene)cyclopropane (p29) in overall exoergic reactions. Lastly, the barrierless nature of this bimolecular reaction suggests that these cyclic C5H6 isomers might be viable targets to be searched in cold molecular clouds like TMC-1.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
- Samara National Research Univ. (Russia)
- Samara National Research Univ. (Russia); Florida International Univ., Miami, FL (United States)
- Samara National Research Univ. (Russia); Lebedev Physical Inst., Samara (Russia)
- Florida International Univ., Miami, FL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Russian Federation
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1763396
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-03ER15411; FG02-04ER15570; 14.Y26.31.0020
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 125; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1089-5639
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Hydrogen; Hydrocarbons; Chemical reactions; Energy; Molecular structure
Citation Formats
He, Chao, Nikolayev, Anatoliy A., Zhao, Long, Thomas, Aaron M., Doddipatla, Srinivas, Galimova, Galiya R., Azyazov, Valeriy N., Mebel, Alexander M., and Kaiser, Ralf I. Gas-Phase Formation of C5H6 Isomers via the Crossed Molecular Beam Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-Butadiene (CH3CHCCH2; X1A'). United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08731.
He, Chao, Nikolayev, Anatoliy A., Zhao, Long, Thomas, Aaron M., Doddipatla, Srinivas, Galimova, Galiya R., Azyazov, Valeriy N., Mebel, Alexander M., & Kaiser, Ralf I. Gas-Phase Formation of C5H6 Isomers via the Crossed Molecular Beam Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-Butadiene (CH3CHCCH2; X1A'). United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08731
He, Chao, Nikolayev, Anatoliy A., Zhao, Long, Thomas, Aaron M., Doddipatla, Srinivas, Galimova, Galiya R., Azyazov, Valeriy N., Mebel, Alexander M., and Kaiser, Ralf I. Mon .
"Gas-Phase Formation of C5H6 Isomers via the Crossed Molecular Beam Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-Butadiene (CH3CHCCH2; X1A')". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08731. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1763396.
@article{osti_1763396,
title = {Gas-Phase Formation of C5H6 Isomers via the Crossed Molecular Beam Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-Butadiene (CH3CHCCH2; X1A')},
author = {He, Chao and Nikolayev, Anatoliy A. and Zhao, Long and Thomas, Aaron M. and Doddipatla, Srinivas and Galimova, Galiya R. and Azyazov, Valeriy N. and Mebel, Alexander M. and Kaiser, Ralf I.},
abstractNote = {The bimolecular gas-phase reaction of the methylidyne radical (CH; X2Π) with 1,2-butadiene (CH2CCHCH3; X1A’) was investigated at a collision energy of 20.6 kJ mol-1 under single collision conditions. Combining our laboratory data with high-level electronic structure calculations, we reveal that this bimolecular reaction proceeds through the barrierless addition of the methylidyne radical to the carbon-carbon double bonds of 1,2-butadiene leading to doublet C5H7 intermediates. These collision adducts undergo a non-statistical unimolecular decomposition through atomic hydrogen elimination to at least the cyclic 1-vinyl-cyclopropene (p5/p26), 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclopropene (p28), and 1,2-bis(me-thylene)cyclopropane (p29) in overall exoergic reactions. Lastly, the barrierless nature of this bimolecular reaction suggests that these cyclic C5H6 isomers might be viable targets to be searched in cold molecular clouds like TMC-1.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08731},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory},
number = 1,
volume = 125,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Mon Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Formation of Naphthalene, Indene, and Benzene from Cyclopentadiene Pyrolysis: A DFT Study
journal, April 2006
- Wang, Dong; Violi, Angela; Kim, Do Hyong
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, Issue 14
Reaction of the ethynyl radical, C2H, with methylacetylene, CH3CCH, under single collision conditions: Implications for astrochemistry
journal, February 2001
- Stahl, Frank; von Ragué Schleyer, Paul; Bettinger, H. F.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 8
Untangling the chemical evolution of Titan's atmosphere and surface–from homogeneous to heterogeneous chemistry
journal, January 2010
- Kaiser, Ralf I.; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Ennis, Courtney
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 147
A Free‐Radical Prompted Barrierless Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Pentacene
journal, May 2020
- Zhao, Long; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Lu, Wenchao
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 28
Scintillation Type Mass Spectrometer Ion Detector
journal, March 1960
- Daly, N. R.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 31, Issue 3
Reaction Dynamics on the Formation of Styrene: A Crossed Molecular Beam Study of the Reaction of Phenyl Radicals with Ethylene
journal, September 2007
- Zhang, F.; Gu, X.; Guo, Y.
- The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 72, Issue 20
Studies of aromatic hydrocarbon formation mechanisms in flames: Progress towards closing the fuel gap
journal, January 2006
- McEnally, Charles S.; Pfefferle, Lisa D.; Atakan, Burak
- Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 32, Issue 3
Can Neutral and Ionized Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons be Carriers of the Ultraviolet Extinction bump and the Diffuse Interstellar Bands?
journal, October 2011
- Steglich, M.; Bouwman, J.; Huisken, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 742, Issue 1
The molecular universe
journal, July 2013
- Tielens, A. G. G. M.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 3
Resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reactions may explain soot inception and growth
journal, September 2018
- Johansson, K. O.; Head-Gordon, M. P.; Schrader, P. E.
- Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6406
On the kinetics of the C5H5+C5H5 reaction
journal, January 2013
- Cavallotti, Carlo; Polino, Daniela
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Low-temperature formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Titan’s atmosphere
journal, October 2018
- Zhao, Long; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Xu, Bo
- Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 12
Design of a modular and versatile interlock system for ultrahigh vacuum machines: A crossed molecular beam setup as a case study
journal, March 2006
- Guo, Ying; Gu, Xibin; Kawamura, Ed
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 3
A simple and efficient CCSD(T)-F12 approximation
journal, December 2007
- Adler, Thomas B.; Knizia, Gerald; Werner, Hans-Joachim
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 22
A combined experimental and computational study on the reaction dynamics of the 1-propynyl radical (CH 3 CC; X 2 A 1 ) with ethylene (H 2 CCH 2 ; X 1 A 1g ) and the formation of 1-penten-3-yne (CH 2 CHCCCH 3 ; X 1 A′)
journal, January 2019
- He, Chao; Zhao, Long; Thomas, Aaron M.
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 40
Assessing relative contributions of PAHs to soot mass by reversible heterogeneous nucleation and condensation
journal, January 2017
- Eaves, Nick A.; Dworkin, Seth B.; Thomson, Murray J.
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 36, Issue 1
Modeling of 1,3-hexadiene, 2,4-hexadiene and 1,4-hexadiene-doped methane flames: Flame modeling, benzene and styrene formation
journal, July 2010
- Sharma, Sandeep; Harper, Michael R.; Green, William H.
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 157, Issue 7
Can the C 5 H 5 + C 5 H 5 → C 10 H 10 → C 10 H 9 + H/C 10 H 8 + H 2 Reaction Produce Naphthalene? An Ab Initio/RRKM Study
journal, September 2009
- Mebel, A. M.; Kislov, V. V.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 113, Issue 36
Crossed‐beam reaction of C( 3 P j ) with C 2 H 2 ( 1 ∑ + g ): Observation of tricarbon‐hydride C 3 H
journal, December 1995
- Kaiser, R. I.; Lee, Yuan T.; Suits, Arthur G.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 103, Issue 23
Organic compounds in the Forest Vale, H4 ordinary chondrite
journal, July 1992
- Zenobi, Renato; Philippoz, Jean-Michel; Zare, Richard N.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 56, Issue 7
Elucidating the Chemical Dynamics of the Elementary Reactions of the 1-Propynyl Radical (CH 3 CC; X 2 A 1 ) with Methylacetylene (H 3 CCCH; X 1 A 1 ) and Allene (H 2 CCCH 2 ; X 1 A 1 )
journal, June 2019
- He, Chao; Zhao, Long; Thomas, Aaron M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 123, Issue 26
Gaussian basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. I. The atoms boron through neon and hydrogen
journal, January 1989
- Dunning, Thom H.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 2
Observation of the CN Radical in the Orion Nebula and W51
journal, July 1970
- Jefferts, K. B.; Penzias, A. A.; Wilson, R. W.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 161
A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects
journal, October 2013
- Kim, Ki-Hyun; Jahan, Shamin Ara; Kabir, Ehsanul
- Environment International, Vol. 60
Isotopic compositions of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the Murchison meteorite
journal, July 1994
- Gilmour, I.; Pillinger, C. T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 269, Issue 2
Thermal and photochemical reactivity of cyclopropene derivatives: a semi-empirical molecular orbital study
journal, July 1977
- Pincock, J. A.; Boyd, R. J.
- Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 55, Issue 13
Exchange reactions of alkali atoms with alkali halides: a collision complex mechanism
journal, January 1967
- Miller, W. B.; Safron, S. A.; Herschbach, D. R.
- Discussions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 44
Reaction dynamics of carbon-bearing radicals in circumstellar envelopes of carbon stars
journal, January 2006
- Gu, Xibin; Guo, Ying; Zhang, Fangtong
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 133
Electron Bombardment Molecular Beam Detector
journal, July 1966
- Brink, Gilbert O.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 37, Issue 7
Combined crossed molecular beams and ab initio investigation of the formation of carbon-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium via neutral–neutral reactions
journal, January 1998
- Kaiser, R. I.; Ochsenfeld, C.; Stranges, D.
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 109
Gas-Phase Formation of Fulvenallene (C 7 H 6 ) via the Jahn–Teller Distorted Tropyl (C 7 H 7 ) Radical Intermediate under Single-Collision Conditions
journal, January 2020
- He, Chao; Thomas, Aaron M.; Galimova, Galiya R.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 6
The CH3+C5H5 reaction: A potential source of benene at high temperatures
journal, January 1996
- Moskaleva, L. V.; Mebel, A. M.; Lin, M. C.
- Symposium (International) on Combustion, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Directed Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Triafulvene under Single‐Collision Conditions
journal, October 2019
- Thomas, Aaron M.; Zhao, Long; He, Chao
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 43
Formation of resonantly stabilised free radicals via the reactions of atomic carbon, dicarbon, and tricarbon with unsaturated hydrocarbons: theory and crossed molecular beams experiments
journal, October 2015
- Mebel, Alexander M.; Kaiser, Ralf I.
- International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 34, Issue 4
Addition of one and two units of C 2 H to styrene: A theoretical study of the C 10 H 9 and C 12 H 9 systems and implications toward growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at low temperatures
journal, January 2011
- Landera, Alexander; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Mebel, Alexander M.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 134, Issue 2
HACA's Heritage: A Free-Radical Pathway to Phenanthrene in Circumstellar Envelopes of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
journal, March 2017
- Yang, Tao; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Troy, Tyler P.
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 16
A versatile source to produce high-intensity, pulsed supersonic radical beams for crossed-beam experiments: The cyanogen radical CN(X2Σ+) as a case study
journal, November 1999
- Kaiser, R. I.; Ting, J. W.; Huang, L. C. L.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 70, Issue 11
Reaction mechanisms in aromatic hydrocarbon formation involving the C5H5 cyclopentadienyl moiety
journal, January 1996
- Melius, Carl F.; Colvin, Michael E.; Marinov, Nick M.
- Symposium (International) on Combustion, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Chemical Reactivity
journal, October 1988
- Levine, Raphael D.; Bernstein, Richard B.; Lee, Yuan T.
- Physics Today, Vol. 41, Issue 10, p. 90-92
Crossed‐beam reaction of carbon atoms with hydrocarbon molecules. II. Chemical dynamics of n ‐C 4 H 3 formation from reaction of C( 3 P j ) with methylacetylene, CH 3 CCH ( X 1 A 1 )
journal, November 1996
- Kaiser, R. I.; Stranges, D.; Lee, Y. T.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 19
Gas-Phase Synthesis of the Elusive Cyclooctatetraenyl Radical (C 8 H 7 ) via Triplet Aromatic Cyclooctatetraene (C 8 H 8 ) and Non-Aromatic Cyclooctatriene (C 8 H 8 ) Intermediates
journal, September 2017
- Lucas, Michael; Thomas, Aaron M.; Zhao, Long
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 44
Role of ring-enlargement reactions in the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons
journal, January 2020
- Baroncelli, Martina; Mao, Qian; Galle, Simon
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 8
Dimethylenecyclopropane
journal, October 1970
- Bloch, Robert; Le Perchec, Pierre; Conia, Jean-Marie
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, Vol. 9, Issue 10
Time- and Isomer-Resolved Measurements of Sequential Addition of Acetylene to the Propargyl Radical
journal, September 2015
- Savee, John D.; Selby, Talitha M.; Welz, Oliver
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 20
Simplified CCSD(T)-F12 methods: Theory and benchmarks
journal, February 2009
- Knizia, Gerald; Adler, Thomas B.; Werner, Hans-Joachim
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 130, Issue 5
Density‐functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange
journal, April 1993
- Becke, Axel D.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 98, Issue 7, p. 5648-5652
Analysis of Some Reaction Pathways Active during Cyclopentadiene Pyrolysis
journal, March 2012
- Cavallotti, Carlo; Polino, Daniela; Frassoldati, Alessio
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 116, Issue 13
Formation of benzene in the interstellar medium
journal, December 2010
- Jones, B. M.; Zhang, F.; Kaiser, R. I.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 2
Photodissociation of benzene under collision-free conditions: An ab initio /Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus study
journal, April 2004
- Kislov, V. V.; Nguyen, T. L.; Mebel, A. M.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 15
Reaction Dynamics in Astrochemistry: Low-Temperature Pathways to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Interstellar Medium
journal, April 2015
- Kaiser, Ralf I.; Parker, Dorian S. N.; Mebel, Alexander M.
- Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 66, Issue 1
A Barrierless Pathway Accessing the C9H9 and C9H8 Potential Energy Surfaces via the Elementary Reaction of Benzene with 1-Propynyl
journal, November 2019
- Thomas, Aaron M.; Doddipatla, Srinivas; Kaiser, Ralf I.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Isotopic evidence from an Antarctic carbonaceous chondrite for two reaction pathways of extraterrestrial PAH formation
journal, December 2000
- Naraoka, Hiroshi; Shimoyama, Akira; Harada, Kaoru
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 184, Issue 1
The Peculiar Kinetics of the Reaction between Acetylene and the Cyclopentadienyl Radical
journal, August 2005
- Fascella, Simone; Cavallotti, Carlo; Rota, Renato
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 109, Issue 33
The Formation of Naphthalene, Azulene, and Fulvalene from Cyclic C 5 Species in Combustion: An Ab Initio/RRKM Study of 9-H-Fulvalenyl (C 5 H 5 −C 5 H 4 ) Radical Rearrangements †
journal, September 2007
- Kislov, V. V.; Mebel, A. M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 111, Issue 38
Human cell mutagenicity of oxygenated, nitrated and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with urban aerosols
journal, December 1996
- Durant, John L.; Busby, William F.; Lafleur, Arthur L.
- Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, Vol. 371, Issue 3-4
Identification of C 5 H x Isomers in Fuel-Rich Flames by Photoionization Mass Spectrometry and Electronic Structure Calculations
journal, April 2006
- Hansen, Nils; Klippenstein, Stephen J.; Miller, James A.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, Issue 13
Uses of adsorbed reagents in the synthesis of reactive molecules via elimination reactions
journal, January 1986
- Billups, W. E.; Lin, Long-Jin
- Tetrahedron, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Gas-Phase Formation of 1-Methylcyclopropene and 3-Methylcyclopropene via the Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X 2 Π) with Propylene (CH 3 CHCH 2 ; X 1 A′)
journal, November 2019
- He, Chao; Thomas, Aaron M.; Galimova, Galiya R.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 123, Issue 49
Theoretical and kinetic study of reaction C2H + C3H6 on the C5H7 potential energy surface
journal, November 2014
- Gong, Chun-Ming; Ning, Hong-Bo; Li, Ze-Rong
- Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, Vol. 134, Issue 1
Crossed beam reaction of cyano radicals with hydrocarbon molecules. II. Chemical dynamics of 1-cyano-1-methylallene (CNCH3CCCH2; X 1A′) formation from reaction of CN(X 2Σ+) with dimethylacetylene CH3CCCH3 (X 1A1′)
journal, October 1999
- Balucani, N.; Asvany, O.; Chang, A. H. H.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 16
Crossed beam reaction of cyano radicals with hydrocarbon molecules. I. Chemical dynamics of cyanobenzene (C6H5CN; X 1A1) and perdeutero cyanobenzene (C6D5CN; X 1A1) formation from reaction of CN(X 2Σ+) with benzene C6H6(X 1A1g), and d6-benzene C6D6(X 1A1g)
journal, October 1999
- Balucani, N.; Asvany, O.; Chang, A. H. H.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 16
The Formation of Nitriles in Hydrocarbon-Rich Atmospheres of Planets and Their Satellites: Laboratory Investigations by the Crossed Molecular Beam Technique
journal, September 2001
- Kaiser, Ralf I.; Balucani, Nadia
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 34, Issue 9
Formation Mechanisms of Naphthalene and Indene: From the Interstellar Medium to Combustion Flames
journal, January 2017
- Mebel, Alexander M.; Landera, Alexander; Kaiser, Ralf I.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 121, Issue 5
An experimental and kinetic modeling study of cyclopentadiene pyrolysis: First growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
journal, November 2014
- Djokic, Marko R.; Van Geem, Kevin M.; Cavallotti, Carlo
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 161, Issue 11
Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules
journal, September 2008
- Tielens, A. G. G. M.
- Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 46, Issue 1
Crossed‐beam reaction of carbon atoms with hydrocarbon molecules. I. Chemical dynamics of the propargyl radical formation, C 3 H 3 ( X 2 B 2 ), from reaction of C( 3 P j ) with ethylene, C 2 H 4 ( X 1 A g )
journal, November 1996
- Kaiser, R. I.; Lee, Y. T.; Suits, A. G.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 19
Prediction of Reaction Barriers and Thermochemical Properties with Explicitly Correlated Coupled-Cluster Methods: A Basis Set Assessment
journal, August 2012
- Zhang, Jinmei; Valeev, Edward F.
- Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Dose—response relationships of the tumorigenicity of cyclopenta[ cd ]pyrene, benzo [ a ]pyrene and 6-nitrochrysene in a newborn mouse lung adenoma bioassay
journal, January 1988
- Busby, William F.; Stevens, Ellen K.; Kellenbach, Edwin R.
- Carcinogenesis, Vol. 9, Issue 5
Chemical dynamics of cyclopropynylidyne (c-C[sub 3]H; X[sup 2]B[sub 2]) formation from the reaction of C([sup 1]D) with acetylene, C[sub 2]H[sub 2](X [sup 1]Σ[sub g][sup +])
journal, January 2001
- Kaiser, R. I.; Mebel, A. M.; Lee, Y. T.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 1
Gas‐Phase Synthesis of 3‐Vinylcyclopropene via the Crossed Beam Reaction of the Methylidyne Radical (CH; X 2 Π) with 1,3‐Butadiene (CH 2 CHCHCH 2 ; X 1 A g )
journal, May 2020
- He, Chao; Zhao, Long; Doddipatla, Srinivas
- ChemPhysChem, Vol. 21, Issue 12
Carbon molecules in space: from astrochemistry to astrobiology
journal, January 2006
- Ehrenfreund, Pascale; Sephton, Mark A.
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 133
Reactive collisions in crossed molecular beams
journal, January 1962
- Herschbach, Dudley R.
- Discussions of the Faraday Society, Vol. 33