Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor

Li, Jing; Goryca, Mateusz Marek; Wilson, Nathan  P.; Stier, Andreas  V.; Xu, Xiaodong; Crooker, Scott  A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.147602

Title: Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor

Abstract

Here, we report magnetoabsorption spectroscopy of gated ${WSe}_{2}$ monolayers in high magnetic fields up to 60 T. When doped with a 2D Fermi sea of mobile holes, well-resolved sequences of optical transitions are observed in both $σ^{\pm}$ circular polarizations, which unambiguously and separately indicate the number of filled Landau levels (LLs) in both $K$ and $K^{'}$ valleys. This reveals the interaction-enhanced valley Zeeman energy, which is found to be highly tunable with hole density $p$ . We exploit this tunability to align the LLs in $K$ and $K^{'}$ , and find that the 2D hole gas becomes unstable against small changes in LL filling and can spontaneously valley polarize. These results cannot be understood within a single-particle picture, highlighting the importance of exchange interactions in determining the ground state of 2D carriers in monolayer semiconductors.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Xu, Xiaodong ^[2];

^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1735918

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-25746
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; TRN: US2205271

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; SC0018171; DMR-1644779

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 125; Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; exchange interaction; valleytronics; transition-metal dichalcogenide; two-dimensional electron system; optical spectroscopy

Citation Formats


                    Li, Jing, Goryca, Mateusz Marek, Wilson, Nathan  P., Stier, Andreas  V., Xu, Xiaodong, and Crooker, Scott  A. Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.147602.

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                    Li, Jing, Goryca, Mateusz Marek, Wilson, Nathan  P., Stier, Andreas  V., Xu, Xiaodong, & Crooker, Scott  A. Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.147602

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                    Li, Jing, Goryca, Mateusz Marek, Wilson, Nathan  P., Stier, Andreas  V., Xu, Xiaodong, and Crooker, Scott  A. Fri .  
"Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.147602.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1735918.

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@article{osti_1735918,

  title        = {Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor},

  author       = {Li, Jing and Goryca, Mateusz Marek and Wilson, Nathan  P. and Stier, Andreas  V. and Xu, Xiaodong and Crooker, Scott  A.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we report magnetoabsorption spectroscopy of gated WSe2 monolayers in high magnetic fields up to 60 T. When doped with a 2D Fermi sea of mobile holes, well-resolved sequences of optical transitions are observed in both σ± circular polarizations, which unambiguously and separately indicate the number of filled Landau levels (LLs) in both K and K' valleys. This reveals the interaction-enhanced valley Zeeman energy, which is found to be highly tunable with hole density p. We exploit this tunability to align the LLs in K and K', and find that the 2D hole gas becomes unstable against small changes in LL filling and can spontaneously valley polarize. These results cannot be understood within a single-particle picture, highlighting the importance of exchange interactions in determining the ground state of 2D carriers in monolayer semiconductors.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevlett.125.147602},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 14,

  volume       = 125,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Fri Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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Title: Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Interacting Carriers in a Monolayer Semiconductor

Abstract

Citation Formats

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of MoS 2 and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides journal, May 2012

Magnetic control of the valley degree of freedom of massive Dirac fermions with application to transition metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2013

Charged excitons in monolayer WSe 2 : Experiment and theory journal, August 2017

Large effective mass and interaction-enhanced Zeeman splitting of K -valley electrons in MoSe 2 journal, May 2018

Density-Dependent Quantum Hall States and Zeeman Splitting in Monolayer and Bilayer WSe 2 journal, June 2017

Spin and Isospin: Exotic Order in Quantum Hall Ferromagnets journal, June 2000

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal, April 2014

Spin and valley quantum Hall ferromagnetism in graphene journal, May 2012

Ambipolar Landau levels and strong band-selective carrier interactions in monolayer WSe2 journal, March 2018

Valley- and spin-polarized Landau levels in monolayer WSe2 journal, October 2016

Valley Susceptibility of an Interacting Two-Dimensional Electron System journal, November 2006

Rich many-body phase diagram of electrons and holes in doped monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2018

Spin-polarization instability in a tilted magnetic field of a two-dimensional electron gas with filled Landau levels journal, May 1985

Many-body theory of trion absorption features in two-dimensional semiconductors journal, January 2017

Spin- and valley-dependent magneto-optical properties of MoS 2 journal, September 2013

Correlation Energy and Spin Polarization in the 2D Electron Gas journal, June 2002

Interaction-Induced Shubnikov–de Haas Oscillations in Optical Conductivity of Monolayer MoSe 2 journal, August 2019

First-Order Magnetic Phase Transition of Mobile Electrons in Monolayer MoS 2 journal, May 2020

Determining Interaction Enhanced Valley Susceptibility in Spin-Valley-Locked MoS 2 journal, February 2019

Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides journal, April 2018

Optical properties of charged excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors journal, July 2020

Resistance Spikes at Transitions Between Quantum Hall Ferromagnets journal, November 2000

Strongly Interaction-Enhanced Valley Magnetic Response in Monolayer WSe 2 journal, February 2018

Exciton-polarons in doped semiconductors in a strong magnetic field journal, June 2018

Interactions and Magnetotransport through Spin-Valley Coupled Landau Levels in Monolayer MoS 2 journal, December 2018

Valley-polarized magnetic state in hole-doped monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, October 2018

First-order phase transitions in a quantum Hall ferromagnet journal, December 1999

Photonics and optoelectronics of 2D semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides journal, March 2016

Spin Susceptibility of an Ultra-Low-Density Two-Dimensional Electron System journal, February 2003

Nobel Lecture: The fractional quantum Hall effect journal, July 1999

Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields journal, September 2019

Disorder in van der Waals heterostructures of 2D materials journal, May 2019

Observation of Quantized Exciton Energies in Monolayer WSe 2 under a Strong Magnetic Field journal, April 2020

Spin instabilities and quantum phase transitions in integral and fractional quantum Hall states journal, April 2002

Valley-dependent many-body effects in two-dimensional semiconductors journal, September 2009

Landau-Quantized Excitonic Absorption and Luminescence in a Monolayer Valley Semiconductor journal, March 2020

Giant Paramagnetism-Induced Valley Polarization of Electrons in Charge-Tunable Monolayer MoSe 2 journal, June 2017

Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Graphene journal, June 2006

Valleytronics in 2D materials journal, August 2016

Pseudospin anisotropy classification of quantum Hall ferromagnets journal, December 2000

Theory of Oscillatory g Factor in an MOS Inversion Layer under Strong Magnetic Fields journal, October 1974

Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2 journal, January 2015

Spin and Isospin: Exotic Order in Quantum Hall Ferromagnets journal, June 2000

Optical properties of charged excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors journal, July 2020

Exchange intervalley scattering and magnetic phase diagram of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers journal, July 2019

Magnetization instabilities at tilted magnetic fields in the quantum Hall regime journal, December 1991

Skyrmions and the crossover from the integer to fractional quantum Hall effect at small Zeeman energies journal, June 1993

Suppression of the Landau-level coincidence: A phase transition in tilted magnetic fields journal, February 1993

InAs-AlSb quantum wells in tilted magnetic fields journal, May 2000

Magnetization Instability in a Two-Dimensional System journal, December 1997

Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields text, January 2019

Landau-quantized excitonic absorption and luminescence in a monolayer valley semiconductor text, January 2020

Pseudospin Anisotropy Classification of Quantum Hall Ferromagnets text, January 2000

Valley susceptibility of an interacting two-dimensional electron system text, January 2006

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of ${MoS}_{2}$ and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides
journal, May 2012

Magnetic control of the valley degree of freedom of massive Dirac fermions with application to transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2013

Charged excitons in monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$ : Experiment and theory
journal, August 2017

Large effective mass and interaction-enhanced Zeeman splitting of $K$ -valley electrons in ${MoSe}_{2}$
journal, May 2018

Density-Dependent Quantum Hall States and Zeeman Splitting in Monolayer and Bilayer ${WSe}_{2}$
journal, June 2017

Spin and Isospin: Exotic Order in Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
journal, June 2000

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, April 2014

Spin and valley quantum Hall ferromagnetism in graphene
journal, May 2012

Ambipolar Landau levels and strong band-selective carrier interactions in monolayer WSe2
journal, March 2018

Valley- and spin-polarized Landau levels in monolayer WSe2
journal, October 2016

Valley Susceptibility of an Interacting Two-Dimensional Electron System
journal, November 2006

Rich many-body phase diagram of electrons and holes in doped monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2018

Spin-polarization instability in a tilted magnetic field of a two-dimensional electron gas with filled Landau levels
journal, May 1985

Many-body theory of trion absorption features in two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, January 2017

Spin- and valley-dependent magneto-optical properties of MoS $_{2}$
journal, September 2013

Correlation Energy and Spin Polarization in the 2D Electron Gas
journal, June 2002

Interaction-Induced Shubnikov–de Haas Oscillations in Optical Conductivity of Monolayer ${MoSe}_{2}$
journal, August 2019

First-Order Magnetic Phase Transition of Mobile Electrons in Monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$
journal, May 2020

Determining Interaction Enhanced Valley Susceptibility in Spin-Valley-Locked MoS ₂
journal, February 2019

Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, April 2018

Optical properties of charged excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, July 2020

Resistance Spikes at Transitions Between Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
journal, November 2000

Strongly Interaction-Enhanced Valley Magnetic Response in Monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$
journal, February 2018

Exciton-polarons in doped semiconductors in a strong magnetic field
journal, June 2018

Interactions and Magnetotransport through Spin-Valley Coupled Landau Levels in Monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$
journal, December 2018

Valley-polarized magnetic state in hole-doped monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, October 2018

First-order phase transitions in a quantum Hall ferromagnet
journal, December 1999

Photonics and optoelectronics of 2D semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, March 2016

Spin Susceptibility of an Ultra-Low-Density Two-Dimensional Electron System
journal, February 2003

Nobel Lecture: The fractional quantum Hall effect
journal, July 1999

Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields
journal, September 2019

Disorder in van der Waals heterostructures of 2D materials
journal, May 2019

Observation of Quantized Exciton Energies in Monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$ under a Strong Magnetic Field
journal, April 2020

Spin instabilities and quantum phase transitions in integral and fractional quantum Hall states
journal, April 2002

Valley-dependent many-body effects in two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, September 2009

Landau-Quantized Excitonic Absorption and Luminescence in a Monolayer Valley Semiconductor
journal, March 2020

Giant Paramagnetism-Induced Valley Polarization of Electrons in Charge-Tunable Monolayer ${MoSe}_{2}$
journal, June 2017

Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Graphene
journal, June 2006

Valleytronics in 2D materials
journal, August 2016

Pseudospin anisotropy classification of quantum Hall ferromagnets
journal, December 2000

Theory of Oscillatory g Factor in an MOS Inversion Layer under Strong Magnetic Fields
journal, October 1974

Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2
journal, January 2015

Spin and Isospin: Exotic Order in Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
journal, June 2000

Optical properties of charged excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, July 2020

Exchange intervalley scattering and magnetic phase diagram of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
journal, July 2019

Magnetization instabilities at tilted magnetic fields in the quantum Hall regime
journal, December 1991

Skyrmions and the crossover from the integer to fractional quantum Hall effect at small Zeeman energies
journal, June 1993

Suppression of the Landau-level coincidence: A phase transition in tilted magnetic fields
journal, February 1993

InAs-AlSb quantum wells in tilted magnetic fields
journal, May 2000

Magnetization Instability in a Two-Dimensional System
journal, December 1997

Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields
text, January 2019

Landau-quantized excitonic absorption and luminescence in a monolayer valley semiconductor
text, January 2020

Pseudospin Anisotropy Classification of Quantum Hall Ferromagnets
text, January 2000

Valley susceptibility of an interacting two-dimensional electron system
text, January 2006