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Title: Bismuth Detection in Alkaline Electrolyte via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Battery Separator Evaluation

Abstract

Abstract Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) has been widely used for the detection of several heavy metal ions in neutral and acidic solution, in many cases employing electrodes and/or solutions incorporating Bi. In this work we demonstrate that Bi(OH) 4 − ion concentration can be measured in highly alkaline 8.5 M KOH solution using ASV. The addition of Pb in similar concentrations to the Bi(OH) 4 − being measured is shown to improve both the sensitivity and precision of the method. When the Pb additive is employed, a formal limit of detection of 8.5 ppb is achieved, compared to 17.3 ppb when the Pb additive is not used. Due to the use of Bi additives in alkaline battery chemistries, it follows that separators which limit Bi(OH) 4 − diffusion into the bulk electrolyte and away from the electrodes are of interest. For this purpose, we utilize ASV to determine Bi(OH) 4 − diffusion rates through Celgard 3501, cellophane 350P00, and Nafion 211. Bi(OH) 4 − crossover rates, as determined by ASV, are shown to be repeatable and consistent with expectations from the known separator structure.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87185-0734 USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
OSTI Identifier:
1735677
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1786453; OSTI ID: 1827608
Report Number(s):
SAND-2021-12121J
Journal ID: ISSN 1040-0397
Grant/Contract Number:  
NA0003525
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Electroanalysis
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Electroanalysis Journal Volume: 33 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1040-0397
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Anodic Stripping Voltammetry; Bismuth Detection; Diffusion; Battery Separators

Citation Formats

Arnot, David J., and Lambert, Timothy N. Bismuth Detection in Alkaline Electrolyte via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Battery Separator Evaluation. Germany: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1002/elan.202060412.
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Arnot, David J., & Lambert, Timothy N. Bismuth Detection in Alkaline Electrolyte via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Battery Separator Evaluation. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060412
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Arnot, David J., and Lambert, Timothy N. Mon . "Bismuth Detection in Alkaline Electrolyte via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Battery Separator Evaluation". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060412.
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@article{osti_1735677,
title = {Bismuth Detection in Alkaline Electrolyte via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Battery Separator Evaluation},
author = {Arnot, David J. and Lambert, Timothy N.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) has been widely used for the detection of several heavy metal ions in neutral and acidic solution, in many cases employing electrodes and/or solutions incorporating Bi. In this work we demonstrate that Bi(OH) 4 − ion concentration can be measured in highly alkaline 8.5 M KOH solution using ASV. The addition of Pb in similar concentrations to the Bi(OH) 4 − being measured is shown to improve both the sensitivity and precision of the method. When the Pb additive is employed, a formal limit of detection of 8.5 ppb is achieved, compared to 17.3 ppb when the Pb additive is not used. Due to the use of Bi additives in alkaline battery chemistries, it follows that separators which limit Bi(OH) 4 − diffusion into the bulk electrolyte and away from the electrodes are of interest. For this purpose, we utilize ASV to determine Bi(OH) 4 − diffusion rates through Celgard 3501, cellophane 350P00, and Nafion 211. Bi(OH) 4 − crossover rates, as determined by ASV, are shown to be repeatable and consistent with expectations from the known separator structure.},
doi = {10.1002/elan.202060412},
journal = {Electroanalysis},
number = 3,
volume = 33,
place = {Germany},
year = {Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Mon Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060412
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